As Lyndon Johnson moved into the Oval Office, U.S. policy in Vietnam was in disarray. The events of November 1963 had undermined the optimistic claims of Harkins, Taylor, and others, and the enemy was successfully exploiting the political crisis in the south. Despite those problems, the new president would not deviate from the path that Kennedy had established. With over 16,000 military personnel already deployed, the United States had made a substantial commitment to the RVN, and the American presence would grow exponentially in the coming years. In the course of his first year in the Oval Office, Johnson would authorize covert operations, approve a massive bombing campaign against the DRVN, and prepare to introduce ground combat troops into the conflict. By early 1965, despite many military leaders' reservations, the United States was about to take over the war in Vietnam.

During the first year of his presidency, Johnson expanded the U.S. presence in Vietnam with clear recognition of the deteriorating conditions in the south and the hazards of intervention there. Like Kennedy, however, he believed that political factors, both at home and internationally, made it imperative to continue to protect the RVN.