Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-84b7d79bbc-7nlkj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-30T14:14:46.154Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

7 - Literary Creativity and Physiognomy: Expressiveness in Writers, Readers, and Literature

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 January 2010

Scott Barry Kaufman
Affiliation:
Yale University, Connecticut
James C. Kaufman
Affiliation:
California State University, San Bernardino
Get access

Summary

Psychology views the rather unusual phenomenon of physiognomy somewhat warily if not disparagingly (Lindauer, 1984a). To justify my coverage of this controversial (and misunderstood) topic and to validate its inclusion in a discussion of literary creativity, I digress at the outset to explain my focus on the creative literary work – the literary stimulus, “the word” – rather than, as is often the case, the creative author (Lindauer, 1984c). The stage is further set with examples that clarify the complex nature of physiognomy, followed by a brief coverage of related definitional matters, methods of study, history, and theory. After these preliminary yet important considerations, I turn to the main focus of this chapter, the role of physiognomy in literature, but not before setting it within its larger place in the arts generally. Following my argument that physiognomy not only bears on literary works but also on creative authors and receptive readers, I conclude with some suggested studies.

PRELIMINARY MATTERS: SETTING THE STAGE

The Creativity of the Work

The creativity of writers – or for that matter anyone who is creative – is not just about particular individuals and such personal matters as the role of childhood experiences, family relationships, and emotional conflicts. It also depends, in the specific case of authors, on the judgments of readers (experts, critics, reviewers, the public) and the nature of the literary work (imagery and metaphors, characterization and plot development, stylistic features, use of language).

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ahsen, A. (1982). Principles of imagery in art and literature. Journal of Mental Imagery, 6, 213–250.Google Scholar
Alley, T. R. (Ed.). (1988). Social and applied aspects of perceiving faces. Resources for ecological psychology. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Arcamore, A., & Lindauer, M. S. (1974). Concept learning and the identification of poetic style. Psychological Reports, 35, 207–210.Google Scholar
Arnheim, R. (1948). Psychological notes on the poetical process. In Arnheim, R., Auden, W. H., & Stouffer, D. A. (Eds.), Poets at work (pp. 125–162). New York: Harcourt Brace.Google Scholar
Arnheim, R. (1966). Art and visual perception: A psychology of the creative eye. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Arnheim, R. (1969). Visual thinking. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Arnheim, R. (1970). Words and their place. Journal of Typographic Research, 4, 199–212.Google Scholar
Arnheim, R. (1972). The Gestalt theory of expression. In Arnheim, R. (Ed.), Toward a psychology of art: Collected essays (pp. 51–73). Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Arnheim, R. (1974). Art and visual perception: A psychology of the creative eye (the new version). Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Arnheim, R. (1984). Visual aspects of concrete poetry. In Strelka, J. O. (Ed.), Literary criticism and psychology (pp. 91–109). University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.Google Scholar
Bilotta, J., Guare, J., & Lindauer, M. S. (1981). The relationship between field-independence/dependence, creativity, and physiognomy among men and women. JSAS Selected Documents in Psychology, 1, 2287.Google Scholar
Comalli, P. E. (1960). Studies in physiognomic perception. VI. Differential effects of directional dynamics of pictured objects on real and apparent motion in artists and chemist. Journal of Psychology, 49, 99–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Comalli, P. E., Werner, H., & Wapner, S. (1952). Studies in physiognomic perception: III. Effect of directional dynamics and meaning-induced sets on autokinetic motions. Journal of Psychology, 43, 2898–2899.Google Scholar
Dailey, A., Martindale, C., & Borkum, J. (1997). Creativity, synesthesia and physiognomic perception. Creativity Research Journal, 10, 1–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Danow, D. K. (1984). Physiognomy: The codeless science. Semiotica, 50, 15–171.Google Scholar
Dufrenne, M. (1973/1953). The phenomenology of aesthetic experience. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.Google Scholar
Edel, L. (1955). The modern psychological novel. New York: Grove Press.Google Scholar
Friedman, J. B. (1981). Another look at Chaucer and the physiognomists. Studies in Philology, 78, 138–152.Google Scholar
Gombrich, E. H. (1960, Winter). On physiognomic perception. Daedalus, 228–242.Google Scholar
Gombrich, E. H. (1972). The mask and the face: The perception of physiognomic likenesses in life and art. In Gombrich, E. H., Hochberg, J., & Bloch, M. (Eds.), Art, perception, and reality (pp. 30–45). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Gostin, L. O., & Lindauer, M. S. (1973). Autokinesis for meaningful stimuli and the effect of set. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 36, 979–986.Google Scholar
Greenauer, M., & Lindauer, M. S. (1981). Physiognomic properties of positive and negative stimuli among five-year old children (Report No. PS102 417). East Lansing, MI: National Center for Research on Teacher Learning (ERIC Document Reproductive Service. No. ED206 416).
Köhler, W. (1947). Gestalt psychology. New York: Liveright.Google Scholar
Lindauer, M. S. (1970a). Physiognomic properties of abstract art and titles. Proceedings of the 78th Annual Convention APA, 5, 493–494.Google Scholar
Lindauer, M. S. (1970b). Psychological aspects of form perception in abstract art. Science de l'Art, 7, 19–24.Google Scholar
Lindauer, M. S. (1972). The sensory attributes and functions of imagery and imagery evoking stimuli. In Sheehan, P. W. (Ed.), The function and nature of imagery (pp. 131–147). New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Lindauer, M. S. (1975). The psychological study of literature. Chicago: Nelson-Hall.Google Scholar
Lindauer, M. S. (1977). Imagery from the point of view of psychological aesthetics, the arts, and creativity. Journal of Mental Imagery, 1, 343–362.Google Scholar
Lindauer, M. S. (1983). Imagery and the arts. In Sheikh, A. A. (Ed.), Imagery: Current theory, research, and applications (pp. 468–506). New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Lindauer, M. S. (1984a). Physiognomic perception. In Corsini, R. J. (Ed.), Wiley encyclopedia of psychology (Vol. 1., pp. 34–35). New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Lindauer, M. S. (1984b). Physiognomy and art: Approaches from above, below, and sideways. Visual Arts Research, 10, 52–65.Google Scholar
Lindauer, M. S. (1984c). Psychology and literature. In Bornstein, M. H. (Ed.), Psychology and its allied disciplines (pp. 113–l54). Hillside, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Lindauer, M. S. (1986). Perceiving, imaging, and preferring the colors of physiognomic stimuli. American Journal of Psychology, 99, 233–255.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lindauer, M. S. (1987). Physiognomic perception. In Corsini, R. J. (Ed.), Wiley encyclopedia of psychology (condensed version, pp. 398–399). New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Lindauer, M. S. (1988a). Physiognomic meanings in the titles of short stories. In Martindale, C. (Ed.), Psychological approaches to the study of literary narratives (pp. 74–95) Hamburg: Helmut Buske.Google Scholar
Lindauer, M. S. (1988b). Size and distance perception of the physiognomic stimulus “taketa.”Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 26, 217–220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindauer, M. S. (1990a). The effects of the physiognomic stimuli taketa and maluma on the meanings of neutral stimuli. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 28, 151–154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindauer, M. S. (1990b). The meanings of the physiognomic stimuli taketa and maluma. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 28, 47–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindauer, M. S. (1991a). Physiognomic expression in literary materials: Bridging the humanities and science. Paper presented at the Society for Science and Literature Conference, Montreal, October.Google Scholar
Lindauer, M. S. (1991b). Physiognomy and verbal synesthesia: Affective and sensory descriptions of nouns with drawings and art. Metaphor and Symbolic Activity, 6, 183–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Magliola, R. R. (1972). The phenomenological approach to literature: Its theory and methodology. Language and Style, 5, 79–99.Google Scholar
Marks, L. E. (1975). On colored-hearing synesthesia: Cross-modal translations of sensory dimensions. Psychological Bulletin, 82, 303–331.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marks, L. E. (1978). The unity of the senses: Interrelations among the modalities. New York: Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marks, L. E. (1982). Synesthetic and poetic metaphor. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Perception and Performance, 8, 15–23.Google ScholarPubMed
McKellar, P. (1968). Experience and behavior. Baltimore: Penguin.Google Scholar
McKellar, P. (1997). Synaesthesia and imagery: Fantasia revisited. Journal of Mental Imagery, 21, 41–54.Google Scholar
Rhodes, G., & Zebrowitz, L. A. (Eds.). (2002). Facial attractiveness: Evolutionary, cognitive, and social perspectives. Advances in visual cognition (Vol. 1). Westport, CT: Ablex.
Stein, M. I. (1975). The Physiognomic Cue Test. New York: Behavioral Publications.Google Scholar
Tytler, G. (1982). Physiognomy in the European novel. Princeton: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Werner, H. (1948). Comparative psychology of mental development. New York: International Universities Press. (Original work published 1926)Google Scholar
Werner, H. (1952). On physiognomic perception. In Kepes, G. (Ed.), The new landscape in art and science (pp. 280–282). Chicago: Paul Theobald.Google Scholar
Werner, H. (Ed.). (1955). On expressive behavior. Worcester, MA: Clark University Press.

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×