Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Preface
- Part I Climate system science
- Part II Impacts and adaptation
- Part III Mitigation of greenhouse gases
- 15 Bottom-up modeling of energy and greenhouse gas emissions: approaches, results, and challenges to inclusion of end-use technologies
- 16 Technology in an integrated assessment model: the potential regional deployment of carbon capture and storage in the context of global CO2 stabilization
- 17 Hydrogen for light-duty vehicles: opportunities and barriers in the United States
- 18 The role of expectations in modeling costs of climate change policies
- 19 A sensitivity analysis of forest carbon sequestration
- 20 Insights from EMF-associated agricultural and forestry greenhouse gas mitigation studies
- 21 Global agricultural land-use data for integrated assessment modeling
- 22 Past, present, and future of non-CO2 gas mitigation analysis
- 23 How (and why) do climate policy costs differ among countries?
- 24 Lessons for mitigation from the foundations of monetary policy in the United States
- Part IV Policy design and decisionmaking under uncertainty
- Index
- Plate section
- References
21 - Global agricultural land-use data for integrated assessment modeling
from Part III - Mitigation of greenhouse gases
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 06 December 2010
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Preface
- Part I Climate system science
- Part II Impacts and adaptation
- Part III Mitigation of greenhouse gases
- 15 Bottom-up modeling of energy and greenhouse gas emissions: approaches, results, and challenges to inclusion of end-use technologies
- 16 Technology in an integrated assessment model: the potential regional deployment of carbon capture and storage in the context of global CO2 stabilization
- 17 Hydrogen for light-duty vehicles: opportunities and barriers in the United States
- 18 The role of expectations in modeling costs of climate change policies
- 19 A sensitivity analysis of forest carbon sequestration
- 20 Insights from EMF-associated agricultural and forestry greenhouse gas mitigation studies
- 21 Global agricultural land-use data for integrated assessment modeling
- 22 Past, present, and future of non-CO2 gas mitigation analysis
- 23 How (and why) do climate policy costs differ among countries?
- 24 Lessons for mitigation from the foundations of monetary policy in the United States
- Part IV Policy design and decisionmaking under uncertainty
- Index
- Plate section
- References
Summary
Introduction
Human land-use activities, while extracting natural resources such as food, fresh water, and fiber, have transformed the face of the planet. Such large-scale changes in global land use and land cover can have significant consequences for food production, freshwater supply, forest resources, biodiversity, regional and global climates, the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, etc. In particular, land management and changes in land use can affect fluxes of greenhouse gases including carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane.
Recently, Hannah et al. (1994) estimated that roughly 50% of the planet's land surface (75% of the habitable area) has been either moderately or severely disturbed; only the core of the tropical rainforests and boreal forests, deserts, and ice-covered surfaces are still relatively untouched by humans. Moreover, Vitousek et al. (1997) estimated that around 40% of the global net primary productivity is being co-opted by humans, while Postel et al. (1996) estimated that over 50% of the available renewable freshwater supply is being co-opted.
The major mode of human land transformation has been through agriculture. Since the invention of agriculture, ~10 000 years ago, humans have modified or transformed the land surface; today, roughly a third of the planet's land surface is being used for growing crops or grazing animals (National Geographic Maps, 2002; Foley et al., 2003).
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Human-Induced Climate ChangeAn Interdisciplinary Assessment, pp. 252 - 265Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2007
References
(1995). World Agriculture Towards 2010. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.Google Scholar
(1999). Frost followed the plow: impacts of deforestation on the climate of the United States. Ecological Applications 9, 1305–1315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2001). Observational evidence for reduction of daily maximum temperature by croplands in the Midwest United States. Journal of Climate 14, 2430–2442.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , and (1999). Modelling climate response to historical land cover change. Global Ecology and Biogeography 8, 509–517.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FAO (2000). Fertilizer Requirements in 2015 and 2030. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
FAO (2004). FAOSTAT Data. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://apps.fao.org.
, , and (2000). Global Agro-Ecological Zones (Global – AEZ). Food and Agricultural Organization/International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (FAO/IIASA), CD-ROM and website www.fao. org/ag/AGL/agll/gaez/index.html.Google Scholar
, , and (2002). Global Agro-Ecological Assessment for Agriculture in the 21st Century. Food and Agricultural Organization/International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (FAO/IIASA), CD-ROM and website www.iiasa.ac.at/Research/LUC/SAEZ/index.html.Google Scholar
, , , and (2003). Green surprise? How terrestrial ecosystems could affect Earth's climate. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 1, 38–44.Google Scholar
, , , and (1994). A preliminary inventory of human disturbance of world ecosystems. Ambio 23, 246–250.Google Scholar
(2003). Revised estimates of the annual net flux of carbon to the atmosphere from changes in land use and land management 1850–2000. Tellus Series B – Chemical and Physical Meteorology 55, 378–390.Google Scholar
IPCC (1997). Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lee, H. -L. (2005). The GTAP Land Use Data Base and the GTAPE-AEZ Model: Incorporating Agro-Ecologically Zoned Land Use Data and Land-based Greenhouse Gases Emissions into the GTAP Framework. www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu/resources/res_display.asp?RecordID=1839.
, and (2004). Geographic distribution of major crops across the world. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 18 GB1009, doi:10.1029/2003 GB002108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , et al. (2000). Development of a global land cover characteristics database and IGBP DISCover from 1 km AVHRR data. International Journal of Remote Sensing 21, 1303–1330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , et al. (2001). Carbon balance of the terrestrial biosphere in the twentieth century: analyses of CO2, climate and land use effects with four process-based ecosystem models. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 15, 183–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2003). Uncertainties in radiative forcing due to surface albedo changes caused by land-use changes. Journal of Climate 16, 1511–1524.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Geographic Maps (2002). A World Transformed, Supplement to National Geographic September 2002. Washington DC: National Geographic Society.
, and (1996). Human appropriation of renewable fresh water. Science 271, 785–788.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prentice, I. C., Farquhar, G., Fashm, M. et al. (2001). The carbon cycle and atmospheric carbon dioxide. In Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, ed. , , et al. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 183–237.Google Scholar
and (1998). Characterizing patterns of global land use: an analysis of global croplands data. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 12, 667–685.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1999). Estimating historical changes in global land cover: croplands from 1700 to 1992. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 13, 997–1027.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (2002). People on the land: changes in population and global croplands during the 20th century. Ambio 31 (3), 251–257.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Richards, J. F. (1990). Land transformation. In The Earth as Transformed by Human Action, ed. , , et al. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 163–178.Google Scholar
and (2004). A review of forest carbon sequestration cost studies: a dozen years of research. Climatic Change 63, 1–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scheehle, E. A. and Kruger, D. (2006). Global anthropogenic methane and nitrous oxide emissions. The Energy Modeling Journal Special Issue No. 3: Multi-Greenhouse Gas Mitigation and Climate Policy.
, and (1990). Observational constraints on the global atmospheric CO2 budget. Science 247, 1431–1438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
USEPA (2006). Global Emissions of Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases: 1990–2020. Washington, DC: Office of Air and Radiation, US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA); www.epa.gov/nonco2/econ-inv/international.html.
, , , and (2003). Global potential soil erosion with reference to land use and climate changes. Hydrological Processes 17, 2913–2928.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 6
- Cited by