The focus on psychological processes, and their corresponding influence on unethical behavior, is incredibly important. Chugh, Bazerman, and Banaji intuitively note that these “unchecked processes” – including inflated perceptions of one's morality, competency, and deservingness – act as forces against objective assessments in situations involving conflicts of interest. The end result, they argue, is that individuals may not only be unaware of conflicts of interest but also that they are acting against professional and normative standards when faced with such conflicts.

This chapter is an essential component of a growing body of evidence that recognizes the human tendency to reconstruct ethical dilemmas so as to avoid any tension experienced by the individuals. Individuals, for example, are argued to engage in “ethical fading,” a process that removes the difficult moral issues from a given problem or situation, hence increasing unethical behavior (Tenbrunsel & Messick, 2004). From this perspective, such unethical Such fading means that ethics training or more ethical codes of conduct wouldn't have prevented well-known scandals such as Enron and WorldCom. behavior occurs not because people are morally uneducated but, rather, because they do not see the “ethical” in the decision. Self-deception is identified to be at the root of this problem. Such deception involves avoidance of the truth, the lies that we tell to, and the secrets we keep from, ourselves (Bok, 1989). As illustrated later, the self-deception is insidious and therefore problematic: