Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-5c6d5d7d68-qks25 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-08-09T05:26:58.105Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

6 - Rational Capacities

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 December 2009

Michael Smith
Affiliation:
Princeton University, New Jersey
Get access

Summary

In “Skepticism about Weakness of Will,” Gary Watson invites us to consider the distinction between recklessness, weakness, and compulsion.

Suppose that a particular woman intentionally takes a drink. To provide an evaluative context, suppose she ought not to have another because she will then be unfit to fulfill some of her obligations. Preanalytically, most of us would insist on the possibility and significance of the following three descriptions of the case. (1) the reckless or self-indulgent case; (2) the weak case; and (3) the compulsive case. In (1), the woman knows what she is doing but accepts the consequences. Her choice is to get drunk or risk getting drunk. She acts in accordance with her judgement. In (2) the woman knowingly takes the drink contrary to her (conscious) better judgement; the explanation for this lack of self-control is that she is weak-willed. In (3), she knowingly takes the drink contrary to her better judgement, but she is the victim of a compulsive (irresistible) desire to drink.

(Watson 1977: 324)

These three different ways of filling out the case are in turn important, Watson tells us, because they purport to legitimize the very different moral reactions that we have to the three cases.

We blame the woman who is reckless or self-indulgent, and what we blame her for is having the wrong belief about what she should do in the circumstances of action that she faces.

Type
Chapter
Information
Ethics and the A Priori
Selected Essays on Moral Psychology and Meta-Ethics
, pp. 114 - 135
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Block, Ned 1981: “Psychologism and Behaviourism,” Philosophical Review, 90: 5–43CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braddon-Mitchell, David, and Frank Jackson 1996: Philosophy of Mind and Cognition. Oxford: Blackwell
Frankfurt, Harry 1969: “Alternate Possibilities and Moral Responsibility,” reprinted in Frankfurt 1988
Frankfurt, Harry 1988: The Importance of What We Care About. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Fischer, John Martin, and Mark Ravizza 1998: Responsibility and Control: A Theory of Moral Responsibility. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Hume, David 1740: A Treatise of Human Nature. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1968
Johnston, Mark 1993: “Objectivity Refigured: Pragmatism Without Verificationism,” in John Haldane and Crispin Wright, eds., Reality, Representation and Projection. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 85–130
Kennett, Jeanette, and Michael Smith 1994: “Philosophy and Commonsense: The Case of Weakness of Will,” in Michaelis Michael and John O'Leary-Hawthorne, eds., Philosophy in Mind: The Place of Philosophy in the Study of Mind. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic. 141–157
Kennett, Jeanette, and Smith, Michael 1996: “Frog and Toad Lose Control,” in Analysis. 56: 63–73CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, David 1979: “Counterfactual Dependence and Time's Arrow,” reprinted in Lewis 1986
Lewis, David 1981: “Are We Free to Break the Laws?,” reprinted in Lewis 1986
Lewis, David 1986: Philosophical Papers Volume II. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Lewis, David 1997: “Finkish Dispositions,” Philosophical Quarterly. 47: 143–58CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, C. B. 1994: “Dispositions and Conditionals,” Philosophical Quarterly. 44: 1–8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pettit, Philip, and Smith, Michael 1993: “Practical Unreason,” in Mind. 102: 53–79CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pettit, Philip, and Smith, Michael 1996: “Freedom in Belief and Desire,” in Journal of Philosophy. 93: 429–49CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, Michael 1994: The Moral Problem. Oxford: Blackwell
Smith, Michael 1997a: “A Theory of Freedom and Responsibility,” in Garrett Cullity and Berys Gaut, eds., Ethics and Practical Reason. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 293–319
Smith, Michael 1997b: “In Defence of The Moral Problem: A Reply to Brink, Copp and Sayre-McCord,” in Ethics. 108: 84–119CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, Michael 2001: “The Incoherence Argument: Reply to Schafer-Landau,” in Analysis. 61: 254–66CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, Michael 2004: “Humean Rationality,” in Alfred Mele and Piers Rawling, eds., Handbook of Rationality. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 75–92
van Inwagen, Peter 1983: An Essay on Free Will. Oxford: Clarendon Press
Wallace, R. Jay 1994: Responsibility and the Moral Sentiments. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
Watson, Gary 1977: “Skepticism about Weakness of Will,” in The Philosophical Review. 86: 316–39CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, Gary 2001: “Reasons and Responsibility,” Ethics. 111: 374–94CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernard Williams 1980: “Internal and External Reasons,” reprinted in Williams 1981. 101–13
Williams, Bernard 1981: Moral Luck. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Wolf, Susan 1990: Freedom Within Reason. New York: Oxford University Press

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Rational Capacities
  • Michael Smith, Princeton University, New Jersey
  • Book: Ethics and the A Priori
  • Online publication: 04 December 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511606977.008
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Rational Capacities
  • Michael Smith, Princeton University, New Jersey
  • Book: Ethics and the A Priori
  • Online publication: 04 December 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511606977.008
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Rational Capacities
  • Michael Smith, Princeton University, New Jersey
  • Book: Ethics and the A Priori
  • Online publication: 04 December 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511606977.008
Available formats
×