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13 - The strategy of herpes simplex virus replication and takeover of the host cell

from Part II - Basic virology and viral gene effects on host cell functions: alphaherpesviruses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 December 2009

By
Bernard Roizman  and
Brunella Taddeo
Edited by
Ann Arvin ,
Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume ,
Edward Mocarski ,
Patrick S. Moore ,
Bernard Roizman ,
Richard Whitley  and
Koichi Yamanishi
Bernard Roizman
Affiliation:
The Marjorie B. Kovler Viral Oncology Laboratories, The University of Chicago, USA
Brunella Taddeo
Affiliation:
The Marjorie B. Kovler Viral Oncology Laboratories, The University of Chicago, USA
Ann Arvin
Affiliation:
Stanford University, California
Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume
Affiliation:
Università degli Studi, Bologna, Italy
Edward Mocarski
Affiliation:
Emory University, Atlanta
Patrick S. Moore
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh
Bernard Roizman
Affiliation:
University of Chicago
Richard Whitley
Affiliation:
University of Alabama, Birmingham
Koichi Yamanishi
Affiliation:
University of Osaka, Japan
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Summary

Introduction

The fundamental mission of all viruses is to replicate and spread, and above all, to persist in the host environment to which they have become adapted. Viruses vary with respect to the mechanisms by which they attain their objectives. This variation is reflected not only in the basic mechanisms of viral entry into cells, synthesis of viral proteins, viral nuclei acid synthesis, virion assembly, and egress but also with respect to the basic strategies by which they preclude the enormous resources of the host cell and of the multicellular organism from totally blocking viral replication. The terminology used: “totally blocking” is appropriate; in essence the evolution of functions encoded in the viral genome reflects a fundamental accommodation between replication and spread as well as persistence in the human population. A replication and spread that kills the host will not permit the survival of the virus. The objective of this chapter is to examine the basic strategies evolved by HSV to replicate in its cellular environment.

Gene content, organization, and fundamental design of the viral genome

Several aspects of the structure, content and function of the viral genome are worthy of note. They are as follows.

(i) We do not know with any degree of certainty the exact number of transcriptional units or proteins encoded by the viral genome. The problem stems from several considerations. […]

Type
Chapter
Information
Human Herpesviruses
Biology, Therapy, and Immunoprophylaxis
 , pp. 163 - 174
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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