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10 - Real-time flood forecasting: Indian experience

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 December 2009

By
R. D. Singh
Edited by
Howard Wheater ,
Soroosh Sorooshian  and
K. D. Sharma
R. D. Singh
Affiliation:
National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee 247 667, India
Howard Wheater
Affiliation:
Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London
Soroosh Sorooshian
Affiliation:
University of California, Irvine
K. D. Sharma
Affiliation:
National Institute of Hydrology, India
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Summary

INTRODUCTION

Since time immemorial, floods have been responsible for loss of crops and valuable property, and untold human misery in the world. India has been no exception. An area of more than 40 million ha in India has been identified as flood prone. India, which is traversed by a large number of river systems, experiences seasonal floods. It has been the experience that floods occur almost every year in one part or the other of the country. The rivers of north and central India are prone to frequent floods during the south-west Monsoon season, particularly in the months of July, August, and September. In the Brahmaputra river basin, floods have often been experienced as early as in late May while in southern rivers floods continue till November. On average, floods in India have affected about 33 million persons between 1953 and 2000. There is every possibility that this figure may increase due to population growth and development in the flood plains.

Floods occur due to natural as well as man-made causes. Major causes of floods in India include intense precipitation, inadequate capacity within riverbanks to contain high flows, and silting of riverbeds. In addition, other factors are land slides leading to obstruction of flow and changes in the river course, retardation of flow due to tidal and backwater effects, poor natural drainage, cyclone and heavy rainstorms/cloud bursts, snowmelt and glacial outbursts, and dam-break flow.

For minimizing the losses due to floods, various flood control measures are adopted.

Type
Chapter
Information
Hydrological Modelling in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas , pp. 139 - 156
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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