Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-5c6d5d7d68-qks25 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-08-19T08:22:38.869Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

References

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 September 2009

Paul de Lacy
Affiliation:
Rutgers University, New Jersey
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Markedness
Reduction and Preservation in Phonology
, pp. 409 - 439
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abaglo, P. and Diana, Archangeli (1989). Language particular underspecification: Gengbe /e/ and Yoruba /i/. Linguistic Inquiry 20: 457–80Google Scholar
Abbott, Miriam (1991). Macushi. In Desmond, J. Derbyshire and Geoffrey, K. Pullum (eds.) Handbook of Amazonian languages. Vol.3. Berlin, Mouton de Gruyter, pp.23–160Google Scholar
Abondolo, Daniel (1998a). Hungarian. In Daniel, Abondolo (ed.) The Uralic languages. London, Routledge, pp.428–56Google Scholar
Abondolo, Daniel (1998b). Khanty. In Daniel, Abondolo (ed.) The Uralic languages. London, Routledge, pp. 358–86Google Scholar
Abu-Mansour, Mahasen (1996). Voice as a privative feature: assimilation in Arabic. In Mahasen, Abu-Mansour (ed.) Perspectives on Arabic linguistics VIII. Amsterdam, John Benjamins, pp. 201–31Google Scholar
Abu-Salim, I. M. (1982). Syllable structure and syllabification in Palestinian Arabic. Studies in the Linguistic Sciences 12. 1: 103–22Google Scholar
Adda-Decker, Martine, Philippe Boula de Mareüil, and Lori Lamel (1999). Pronunciation variants in French: Schwa and liaison. In Ohala, J. J., Hasegawa, Y., Ohala, M., Granville, D., and Bailey, A. C. (eds.) Proceedings of ICPhS-99, The ⅪVth International Congress of the Phonetic Sciences. San Francisco, pp. 2239–42Google Scholar
Adler, Allison (2004). Faithfulness and perception in loanword adaptation: a case study from Hawaiian. Handout from the 12th Manchester Phonology Meeting. http://www.geocities.com/alycat715/papers.html (14 February 2006)
Ahmad, Zaharani (1994). Vowel epenthesis in Malay. In Cecilia, Odé and Wim, Stokhof (eds.) Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Austronesian linguistics. Leiden, Leiden University, pp. 183–200Google Scholar
Ahn, Sang-Cheol (1998). An introduction to Korean phonology. Korea, HanshinGoogle Scholar
Aissen, Judith (1999). Markedness and subject choice in Optimality Theory. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 17. 4: 673–711CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Akinlabi, Akinbiyi (1993). Underspecification and the phonology of Yoruba /r/. Linguistic Inquiry 24. 1: 139–60Google Scholar
Alderete, John (1995). Winnebago accent and Dorsey's law. In Jill, Beckman, Laura Walsh, Dickey, and Suzanne, Urbanczyk (eds.) Papers in Optimality Theory (UMOP 18). Amherst, MA, GLSA, pp. 21–51Google Scholar
Alderete, John (1997). Dissimilation as local conjunction. In Kiyomi, Kusumoto (ed.) Proceedings of NELS 27. Amherst, MA, GLSA, pp. 17–32Google Scholar
Alderete, John, Jill, Beckman, Laura, Benua, Amalia, Gnanadesikan, John, McCarthy, and Suzanne, Urbanczyk (1999). Reduplication with fixed segmentism. Linguistic Inquiry 30: 327–64CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, Mike and Malcolm Ross (2002). Sudest. In John, Lynch, Malcolm, Ross and Terry, Crowley (eds.) The Oceanic languages. Richmond, Curzon Press, pp. 322–46Google Scholar
Anderson, Stephen R. (1974). The organization of phonology. New York, Academic PressGoogle Scholar
Andrews, Edna (1990). Markedness theory: the union of asymmetry and semiosis in language. Durham, NC, Duke University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anttila, Arto (2006). Variation and optionality. In Paul, Lacy (ed.) The Cambridge handbook of phonology. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, ch.22Google Scholar
Ao, Benjamin Xiaoping (1993). Phonetics and phonology of Nantong Chinese. Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State UniversityGoogle Scholar
Aoyama, Katsura (1999). Reanalyzing the Japanese coda nasal in Optimality Theory. In Shin Ja Hwang and Arle R. Lommel (eds.) LACUS Forum XXV. Fullerton, CA, Linguistic Association of Canada and the United States, pp. 105–17Google Scholar
Archangeli, Diana (1984). Underspecification in Yawelmani phonology and morphology. Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyGoogle Scholar
Archangeli, Diana (1988). Aspects of underspecification theory. Phonology 5: 183–208CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aronoff, Mark, Azhar Arsyad, Hasan Basri, and Ellen Broselow (1987). Tier configuration in Makassarese reduplication. In Anna, Bosch, Eric, Schiller and Barbara, Need (eds.) CLS 23: Parasession on autosegmental and metrical phonology. Vol.2. Chicago, Chicago Linguistic Society, pp. 1–15Google Scholar
Asher, R. E. (1985). Tamil. London, Croom HelmGoogle Scholar
Austin, Peter (1981). A grammar of Diyari, South Australia. Cambridge, Cambridge University PressGoogle Scholar
Avery, Peter and Keren Rice (1988). Underspecification theory and the coronal node. In Peter, Avery (ed.) Toronto Working Papers in Linguistics 9. Toronto, TWPL, pp. 101–21Google Scholar
Avery, Peter (1989a). Constraining underspecification. In Juli, Carter and Rose-Marie, Déchaine (eds.) Proceedings of NELS 19. Amherst, GLSA, pp. 1–15Google Scholar
Avery, Peter (1989b). Segmental structure and coronal underspecification. Phonology 6: 179–200CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bach, Emmon and Robert T. Harms (1972). How do languages get crazy rules? In Stockwell, R. P. and Macauley, R. K. S. (eds.) Linguistic change and generative theory. Bloomington, Indiana University Press, pp. 1–21Google Scholar
Baertsch, Karen (1998). Onset sonority distance constraints through local conjunction. In Catherine, M. Gruber, Derrick, Higgins, Kenneth, S. Olson, and Tamra, Wysocki (eds.) CLS 34–2: the panels. Chicago, Chicago Linguistic Society, pp. 1–15Google Scholar
Bakalla, Mohammed (1973). The morphology and phonology of Meccan Arabic. Doctoral dissertation, School of Oriental and African StudiesGoogle Scholar
Baković, Eric (1999a). Harmony, dominance, and control. Doctoral dissertation, Rutgers UniversityGoogle Scholar
Baković, Eric (1999b) Assimilation to the unmarked. In Jim, Alexander, Na-Rae, Han, and Michelle, Minnick Fox (eds.) University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics 6.1. http://www.ling.upenn.edu/papers/v6.1-contents.html (14 February 2006) [also Rutgers Optimality Archive 340]Google Scholar
Baković, Eric (1999c). Deletion, insertion, and symmetrical identity. Harvard Working Papers in Linguistics 7 [also Rutgers Optimality Archive 300]Google Scholar
Baković, Eric (2000). Nasal place neutralization in Spanish. Rutgers Optimality Archive 386Google Scholar
Barnes, Jonathan (2002). Positional neutralization: a phonologization approach to typological patterns. Doctoral dissertation, University of California, BerkeleyGoogle Scholar
Bates, Dawn, Thomas, Hess, and Vi, Hilbert (1994). Lushootseed dictionary. Seattle, University of Washington PressGoogle Scholar
Battistella, Edwin L. (1990). Markedness: the evaluative superstructure of language. Albany, NY, State University of New York PressGoogle Scholar
Battistella, Edwin L. (1996). The logic of markedness. New York, Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar
Bauer, Winifred (1993). Maori. New York, London, RoutledgeCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beaumont, Clive H. (1979). The Tigak language of New Ireland. Pacific Linguistics Series B, No. 58. Canberra, Department of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, The Australian National UniversityGoogle Scholar
Beckman, Jill N. (1998). Positional faithfulness. Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, AmherstGoogle Scholar
Beckman, Mary E., Koneyama, Yoneyama, and Jan, Edwards (2003). Language-specific and language-universal aspects of lingual obstruent productions in Japanese-acquiring children. Journal of the Phonetic Society of Japan 7: 18–28Google Scholar
Benua, Laura (1997). Transderivational identity: phonological relations between words. Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, AmherstGoogle Scholar
Bermúdez-Otero, Ricardo and Kersti Börjars (2005). Markedness in phonology and in syntax: the problem of grounding. In Patrick, Honeybone and Ricardo, Bermúdez-Otero (eds.) Linguistic knowledge: perspectives from phonology and from syntax. Special Issue of Lingua 116.5Google Scholar
Bernhardt, Barbara and Joseph Stemberger (2006). Phonological impairment in children and adults. In Paul, Lacy (ed.) The Cambridge handbook of phonology. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, ch.25Google Scholar
Bessell, Nicola J. (1998). Local and non-local consonant-vowel interaction in Interior Salish. Phonology 15: 1–40CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bethin, Christina Y. (1987). Syllable-final laxing in Ukrainian. Folia Slavica 8.2/3: 185–97Google Scholar
Bickerton, Derek (1984). The language bioprogram hypothesis. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7. 2: 173–221CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bittle, William (1963). Kiowa-Apache. In Harry, Hoijer (ed.) Studies in the Athapaskan languages. Berkeley, University of California Press, pp. 76–101Google Scholar
Blevins, Juliette (1995). The syllable in phonological theory. In John, Goldsmith (ed.) The handbook of phonological theory. Oxford, Blackwell, pp. 206–44Google Scholar
Blevins, Juliette (2001). Nhanda: an aboriginal language of Western Australia. Oceanic Linguistics Special Publication 30. Honolulu, University of Hawai'i PressGoogle Scholar
Blevins, Juliette (2003). Consonant epenthesis: natural and unnatural histories. Berkeley, University of CaliforniaGoogle Scholar
Blevins, Juliette (2004). Evolutionary phonology. Cambridge, Cambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bloomfield, Leonard (1924). Notes on the Fox language. International Journal of American Linguistics 3. 2: 219–32CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blust, Robert (1990). Three recurrent changes in Oceanic languages. In Davidson, J. H. C. S. (ed.) Pacific island languages: essays in honour of G. B. Milner. London, University of London and School of Oriental and African Studies, pp. 7–28Google Scholar
Bobaljik, Jonathan (1996). Assimilation in the Inuit languages and the place of the uvular nasal. International Journal of American Linguistics 62. 4: 323–50CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bobaljik, Jonathan (1997). Mostly predictable: cyclicity and the distribution of schwa in Itelmen. Rutgers Optimality Archive 208Google Scholar
Boersma, Paul (1998). Spreading in functional phonology. Proceedings of the International Congress of Phonetic Sciences 22: 1–20Google Scholar
Bogoras, Waldemar (1922). Chukchee. In Franz, Boas (ed.) Handbook of American Indian languages: Part 2. Washington, Government Printing Office, pp. 639–903Google Scholar
Booij, Geert (1977). Dutch morphology: a study of word formation in Generative Grammar. Dordrecht, ForisGoogle Scholar
Booij, Geert (1981). Generatieve fonologie van het Nederlands. Utrecht-Antwerpen, Het SpectrumGoogle Scholar
Booij, Geert (1995). The phonology of Dutch. Oxford, Clarendon PressGoogle Scholar
Boula de Mareüil, Philippe and Martine, Adda-Decker (2002). Studying pronunciation variants in French by using alignment techniques. Proceedings of the International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP), Denver, pp. 2273–6Google Scholar
Brainard, Sherri (1994). The phonology of Karao, the Phillipines. Canberra, Australian National UniversityGoogle Scholar
Brakel, Arthur (1984). Phonological markedness and distinctive features. Bloomington, Indiana University PressGoogle Scholar
Brakel, Arthur (1985). Reflections on the analysis of exceptions to the rule of Iberian Portuguese vowel reduction. Hispanic Linguistics 2. 1: 63–85Google Scholar
Breen, Gavan (1981). The Mayu languages of the Queensland Gulf Country. Canberra, Australian Institute of Aboriginal StudiesGoogle Scholar
Bright, William O. (1975). The Dravidian enunciative vowel. In H. F. Schiffman and C. M. Eastman (eds.) Dravidian phonological systems. Seattle, Institute for Comparative and Foreign Area Studies and University of Washington Press, pp. 11–46Google Scholar
Broadbent, Sylvia M. (1964). The Southern Sierra Miwok language. University of California Publications in Linguistics 38, Berkeley, University of CaliforniaGoogle Scholar
Broadbent, Sylvia M. and H. Pitkin (1964). A comparison of Miwok and Wintu. In William, O. Bright (ed.) Studies in Californian linguistics. Los Angeles, University of California Press, pp. 19–45Google Scholar
Broselow, Ellen (1976). The phonology of Egyptian Arabic. Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, AmherstGoogle Scholar
Broselow, Ellen (1982). On predicting the interaction of stress and epenthesis. Glossa 16:115–32Google Scholar
Broselow, Ellen (2001). Uh-oh: glottal stops and syllable organization in Sulawesi. In Elizabeth, Hume, Norval, Smith, and Jeroen, Weijer (eds.) Surface syllable structure and segment sequencing. Leiden, Holland Institute of Generative Linguistics, pp. 77–90 [also Rutgers Optimality Archive 433]Google Scholar
Browman, Catherine P. and Louis, Goldstein (1992). Articulatory phonology: an overview. Phonetica 49: 155–80CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, Herbert A. (1986). A comparative dictionary of Orokolo, Gulf of Papua. Pacific Linguistics C-84. Canberra, Australian National UniversityGoogle Scholar
Buch, Hasit (1979). An introduction to Gujarati language. Gandhinagar, Director of languages, Gujarat StateGoogle Scholar
Buckley, Eugene (1994). Theoretical aspects of Kashaya phonology and morphology. Stanford, CA, CSLI PublicationsGoogle Scholar
Butska, Luba (1997). Voicing alternations in Ukrainian. MA thesis, University of TorontoGoogle Scholar
Bybee, Joan L. (1988). The diachronic dimension in explanation. In John, A. Hawkins (ed.) Explaining language universals. Oxford, Basil Blackwell, pp. 350–79Google Scholar
Bybee, Joan L. (2001). Phonology and language use. Cambridge Studies in Linguistics. Cambridge, Cambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bye, Patrik (2001). Virtual phonology: multiple opacity and rule sandwiching in North Saami. Doctoral dissertation, University of Troms⊘Google Scholar
Cairns, Charles E. (1969). Markedness, neutralization and universal redundancy rules. Language 45: 863–85CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cairns, Charles E. and Mark, H. Feinstein (1982). Markedness and the theory of syllable structure. Linguistic Inquiry 13. 2: 193–226Google Scholar
Campbell, Lyle (1985). The Pipil language of El Salvador. Berlin, MoutonCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cardona, George (1965). Gujarati reference grammar. Philadelphia, University of Philadelphia PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casali, Roderic (1997). Vowel elision in hiatus contexts: which vowel goes? Language 73: 493–533CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Causley, Trisha (1997). Identity and featural correspondence: the Athapaskan case. In Kiyomi, Kusumoto (ed.) Proceedings of NELS 27. Amherst, MA, GLSA, pp. 93–105Google Scholar
Causley, Trisha (1999). Complexity and markedness in Optimality Theory. Doctoral dissertation, University of TorontoGoogle Scholar
Chan, Marjorie K. M. (1985). Fuzhou phonology: a nonlinear analysis of tone and stress. Doctoral dissertation, University of Washington, SeattleGoogle Scholar
Chen, Matthew (1973). Cross-dialectal comparison: a case study and some theoretical considerations. Journal of Chinese Linguistics 1. 1: 38–63Google Scholar
Cho, Young-mee (1988). Korean assimilation. In Hagit, Borer (ed.) Proceedings of WCCFL 7. Stanford, CA, Stanford Linguistics Assocation, pp. 41–52Google Scholar
Cho, Young-mee (1991). The universality of the coronal articulator. In Carole, Paradis and Jean-François, Prunet (eds.) The special status of coronals: internal and external evidence. Phonetics and Phonology 2. San Diego, Academic Press, pp. 159–79Google Scholar
Cho, Young-mee (1999). Parameters of consonantal assimilation. Lincom studies in theoretical linguistics 15. Munich, Lincom EuropaGoogle Scholar
Choi, John Dongwook (1992a). An acoustic study of Kabardian vowels. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 21: 1–12Google Scholar
Choi, John Dongwook (1992b). Phonetic underspecification and target-interpolation: an acoustic study of Marshallese vowel allophony. Doctoral dissertation, UCLAGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, Noam (1965). Aspects of the theory of syntax. Cambridge, MA, MIT PressGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, Noam (1968). Language and mind. San Diego, Harcourt Brace JovanovichCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, Noam (1981). Lectures on government and binding. Dordrecht, ForisGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, Noam (1986). Knowledge of language: its nature, origin and use. New York, PraegerGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, Noam and Morris, Halle (1968). The sound pattern of English. New York, Harper & RowGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, Noam and Howard, Lasnik (1977). Filters and control. Linguistic Inquiry 8: 425–504Google Scholar
Christdas, Prathima (1988). The phonology and morphology of Tamil. Doctoral dissertation, Cornell UniversityGoogle Scholar
Chung, Sandra (1983). Transderivational relationships in Chamorro phonology. Language 59: 35–66CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Churchward, Henry M. (1953). Tongan grammar. London, Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar
Churma, Donald G. and Yili Shi (1995). Glottal consonants and the ‘sonority’ hierarchy. In Marek, Przezdziecki and Lindsay, Whaley (eds.) ESCOL '95. Ithaca, NY, Cornell University, pp. 25–37Google Scholar
Clark, Ross (1976). Aspects of Proto-Polynesian syntax. Te Reo Monograph. Auckland, Linguistic Society of New ZealandGoogle Scholar
Clements, George N. (1976). Palatalization: linking or assimilation? In Mufwene, S. S., Walker, C. A., and Steever, S. B. (eds.) Papers from CLS 12. Chicago, Chicago Linguistic Society, pp. 96–109Google Scholar
Clements, George N. (1985). The geometry of phonological features. Phonology Yearbook 2: 225–52CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clements, George N. (1988). Towards a substantive theory of feature specifications. In Juliette, Blevins and Juli, Carter (eds.) Proceedings of NELS 18. Amherst, MA, GLSA, pp. 79–93Google Scholar
Clements, George N. (1990). The role of the sonority cycle in core syllabification. In John, Kingston and Mary, Beckman (eds.) Papers in laboratory phonology 1: between the grammar and physics of speech. New York, Cambridge University Press, pp. 283–333Google Scholar
Clements, George N. (1991). Vowel height assimilation in Bantu languages. Working papers of the Cornell phonetics laboratory 5: 37–76Google Scholar
Clements, George N. (1992). The sonority cycle and syllable organization. In Wolfgang, U. Dressler, HansLuschützky, C., Oskar, E. Pfeiffer, and John, R. Rennison (eds.) Phonologica 1988: proceedings of the 6th International Phonology Meeting. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 63–76Google Scholar
Clements, George N. (1999). Affricates as noncountoured stops. In Fujimura, O., Joseph, B. D., and Palek, B. (eds.) Proceedings of LP '98. Prague, Karolinum Press, pp. 271–99Google Scholar
Clements, George N. and Elizabeth Hume (1995). The internal organization of speech sounds. In John, Goldsmith (ed.) The handbook of phonological theory. Oxford, Blackwell, pp. 245–306Google Scholar
Coetzee, Andries (2002). Between-language frequency effects in phonological theory. Ms., University of Massachusetts, AmherstGoogle Scholar
Cohn, Abigail (1989). Stress in Indonesian and bracketing paradoxes. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 7: 167–216CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohn, Abigail and John, J. McCarthy (1994). Alignment and parallelism in Indonesian phonology. Rutgers Optimality Archive 25Google Scholar
Colina, Sonia (1997). Epenthesis and deletion in Galician: an Optimality-theoretic approach. In Fernando, Martinez-Gil and Alfonso, Morales-Front (eds.) Issues in the phonology and morphology of the major Iberian languages. Washington, Georgetown University Press, pp. 235–67Google Scholar
Coppenrath, Hubert and Paul, Prévost (1974). Grammaire approfondie de la langue tahitienne (ancienne et moderne). Papeete, Librairie PureroaGoogle Scholar
Côté, Marie-Hélène and Geoffrey, Morrison (2004). Experimental evidence and the nature of the schwa/zero alternation in French. Abstract from the 9th Conference on Laboratory Phonology. http://www.linguistics.uiuc.edu/labphon9/Abstract_PDF/cote.pdf (14 February 2006)
Creider, Chet A. (1986). Binary vs. n-ary features. Lingua 70. 1: 1–14CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crosswhite, Katherine M. (1998). Segmental vs. prosodic correspondence in Chamorro. Phonology 15. 3: 281–316CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crosswhite, Katherine M. (1999). Vowel reduction in Optimality Theory. Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Los AngelesGoogle Scholar
Crosswhite, Katherine M. (2000). Sonority-driven reduction. In Pawel, M. Nowak, Corey Yoquelet, and David Mortensen (eds.) Proceedings of the Berkeley Linguistic Society 26S. Berkeley, Berkeley Linguistics SocietyGoogle Scholar
Crosswhite, Katherine M. (2004). Vowel reduction. In Bruce, Hayes, Robert, Kirchner, and Donca, Steriade (eds.) Phonetically-based phonology. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, ch.7Google Scholar
Crowhurst, Megan (1994). Foot extrametricality and template mapping in Cupeño. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 12. 2: 177–201CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crowhurst, Megan (1996). An optimal alternative to conflation. Phonology 13: 409–24CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crowhurst, Megan and Mark, Hewitt (1997). Boolean operations and constraint interaction in Optimality Theory. Rutgers Optimality Archive 229Google Scholar
Crowley, Terry (1983). Uradhi. In Dixon, R. M. W. and Barry, J. Blake (eds.) Handbook of Australian languages. Vol.3. Amsterdam, John Benjamins, pp. 307–428CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Czaykowska-Higgins, Ewa (1988). The interaction of phonology and morphology in Polish. Doctoral dissertation, MITGoogle Scholar
Czaykowska-Higgins, Ewa (1992). Placelessness, markedness, and Polish nasals. Linguistic Inquiry 23. 1: 139–46Google Scholar
Davies, John (1981). Kobon. Linguistica Descriptiva Series vol.3. Amsterdam, North-HollandGoogle Scholar
Davis, Stuart (1998). Syllable contact in Optimality Theory. Journal of Korean Linguistics 23: 181–211Google Scholar
Boer, Bart (2001). The origins of vowel systems. Studies in the Evolution of Language. Oxford, Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar
Haas, Wim (1988). A formal theory of vowel coalescence: a case study of Ancient Greek. Publications in Language Sciences 30. Dordrecht, ForisCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lacy, Paul (1997). Prosodic categorisation. MA thesis, University of AucklandGoogle Scholar
Lacy, Paul (1998). A cooccurrence restriction in Maori. Te Reo: Journal of the Linguistic Society of New Zealand 40: 10–44Google Scholar
Lacy, Paul (1999). Tone and prominence. Rutgers Optimality Archive 333Google Scholar
Lacy, Paul (2000a). Heads, non-heads, and tone. Talk presented at the University of Tromso, Norway
de Lacy, Paul (2000b). Markedness in prominent positions. In Ora, Matushansky, Albert, Costa, Javier, Martin-Gonzalez, Lance, Nathan, and Adam, Szczegielniak (eds.) HUMIT 2000: MITWPL 40. Cambridge, MA, MIT Working Papers in Linguistics, pp. 53–66Google Scholar
Lacy, Paul (2002a). The formal expression of markedness. PhD dissertation, University of Massachusetts, AmherstGoogle Scholar
Lacy, Paul (2002b). Tone and stress in Optimality Theory. Phonology 19. 1: 1–32CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Lacy, Paul (2003). Maximal words and the maori passive. In John, McCarthy (ed.) Optimality Theory in phonology: a reader. Oxford, Blackwell, pp. 495–512Google Scholar
Lacy, Paul (2004). Markedness conflation in Optimality Theory. Phonology 21. 2: 1–55Google Scholar
de Lacy, Paul (2006). The interaction of sonority, tone, and prosodic structure. In Paul, Lacy (ed.) The Cambridge handbook of phonology. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, ch.12Google Scholar
Dell, François and Mohamed, Elmedlaoui (1985). Syllabic consonants and syllabification in Imdlawn Tashlhiyt Berber. Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 7: 105–30CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dell, François (1988). Syllabic consonants in Berber: some new evidence. Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 10: 1–17CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Demuth, Katherine (1995). Markedness and the development of prosodic structure. In Jill, Beckman (ed.) Proceedings of the North East Linguistic Society 25. Amherst, MA, GLSA, pp. 13–25Google Scholar
Denwood, Philip (1999). Tibetan. Amsterdam, John Benjamins Publishing CompanyCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Derbyshire, Desmond C. (1979). Hixkaryana. Lingua Descriptive Studies 1. Amsterdam, North-HollandGoogle Scholar
Derbyshire, Desmond C. (1985). Hixkaryana and linguistic typology. Arlington, TX, SIL and the University of Texas at ArlingtonGoogle Scholar
Dogil, Grzegorz (1992). Underspecification, natural classes, and the sonority hierarchy. In Jacek, Fisiak and Stanislaw, Puppel (eds.) Phonological investigations. Amsterdam, John Benjamins Publishing Company, pp. 329–412Google Scholar
Dogil, Grzegorz and Hans, C. Luschützky (1990). Notes on sonority and segmental strength. Rivista di Linguistica 2. 2: 2–54Google Scholar
Donaldson, Tamsin (1980). Ngiyambaa, the language of the Wangaaybuwa. Cambridge, Cambridge University PressGoogle Scholar
Dorais, Louis-Jacques (1986). Inuktitut surface phonology: a trans-dialectal survey. International Journal of American Linguistics 52. 1: 20–53CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dresher, B. Elan, (2003a). Contrast and asymmetry in inventories. In Anna Maria di, Sciullo (ed.) Asymmetry in grammar, volume 2: Morphology, phonology, acquisition. Amsterdam, John Benjamins, pp. 237–59Google Scholar
Dresher, B. Elan (2003b). Determining contrastiveness: a missing chapter in the history of phonology. In S., Burelle and Somesfalean, S. (eds.) Proceedings of the Canadian Linguistics Conference 2002. Ottawa, Cahiers Linguistiques d'Ottawa, pp. 82–93Google Scholar
Dresher, B. Elan (2003c). On the acquisition of phonological contrasts. In Jacqueline, Kampen and Sergio, Baauw (eds.) Proceedings of GALA 2003. Vo.1. Utrecht, LOT (Netherlands Graduate School of Linguistics), pp. 27–46Google Scholar
Dressler, Wolfgang U. (1989). Markedness and naturalness in phonology; the case of natural phonology. In Olga, Tomic (ed.) Markedness in synchrony and diachrony. New York, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 111–20Google Scholar
du Feu, Veronica (1996). Rapanui. London, RoutledgeGoogle Scholar
Dupoux, Emmanuel, Kakehi, K., Hirose, Y., Pallier, C., and Mehler, J. (1999). Epenthetic vowels in Japanese: a perceptual illusion? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 25. 6: 1568–78Google Scholar
Durand, Jacques (1990). Generative and non-linear phonology. London, LongmanGoogle Scholar
Ebert, Karen (1996). Kodava. Languages of the World/Materials 104. Nürnburg, Lincom EuropaGoogle Scholar
Edwards, Walter F. (1978). A preliminary sketch of Arekuna (Carib) phonology. International Journal of American Linguistics 44. 3: 223–7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Efimov, V. A. (1986). Iazyk Ormuri: v sinkhronnom i istoricheskom osveshchenii. Moscow, NaukaGoogle Scholar
Elbert, Samuel H. and Mary Kawena, Pukui (1979). Hawaiian grammar. Honolulu, University of Hawaii PressGoogle Scholar
Elfenbein, Josef (1997). Brahui phonology. In Alan, S. Kaye (ed.) Phonologies of Asia and Africa. Winona Lake, IN, Eisenbrauns, pp. 797–811Google Scholar
Fahs, Achim (1989). Grammatik des Pali. Leipzig, VEB Verlag Enzyklopädie LeipzigGoogle Scholar
Fallon, Paul (2002). The synchronic and diachronic phonology of ejectives. Outstanding Dissertations in Linguistics. London, RoutledgeGoogle Scholar
Farris, Ashley and Judith Gierut (2006). Gapped [s]-cluster inventories and faithfulness to the marked. In Dinnsen, D. A. and Gierut, J. A. (eds.) Optimality Theory, phonological acquisition, and disorders. Advances in Optimality Theory. London, Equinox, ch.12Google Scholar
Fast, P. W. (1953). Amuesha (Arawak) phonemes. International Journal of American Linguistics 19: 191–4CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferguson, Charles A. (1975). Sound patterns in language acquisition. In Daniel, P. Dato (ed.) Developmental psycholinguistics: theory and applications. Washington, DC, Georgetown University Press, pp. 1–16Google Scholar
Fikkert, Paula (1994). On the acquisition of prosodic structure. Doctoral dissertation, Holland Institute of Generative Linguistics (HIL), Leiden UniversityGoogle Scholar
Fitzgerald, Colleen M. (1997). O'odham rhythms. PhD dissertation, University of ArizonaGoogle Scholar
Flemming, Edward (1995). Auditory representations in phonology. PhD dissertation, UCLAGoogle Scholar
Foley, William A. (1986). The Papuan languages of New Guinea. Cambridge, Cambridge University PressGoogle Scholar
Fowler, George (1986). Morphological conditions on epenthetic vowels in Hungarian. In Anne, M. Farley, Peter, T. Farley, and Karl-Erik, McCullough (eds.) CLS 22/1. Chicago, Chicago Linguistic Society, pp. 1–13Google Scholar
Frachtenberg, Leo J. (1922). Siuslawan. In Franz, Boas (ed.) Handbooks of American Indian languages: Part 2. Washington, Government Printing Office, pp. 431–630Google Scholar
Frajzyngier, Zygmunt and Robert Koops (1989). Double epenthesis and N-Class in Chadic. In Zygmunt, Frajzyngier (ed.) Current progress in Chadic linguistics. Philadelphia, John Benjamins, pp. 233–50Google Scholar
Fukazawa, Haruka (1999). Theoretical implications of OCP effects on features in Optimality Theory. Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College ParkGoogle Scholar
Gadalla, Hassan A. H. (2000). Comparative morphology of Standard Egyptian Arabic. LINCOM Studies in Afro-Asiatic Languages 05. Munich, LINCOM EuropaGoogle Scholar
Gafos, Adamantios (1996). The articulatory basis of locality in phonology. Doctoral dissertation, Johns Hopkins UniversityGoogle Scholar
Gafos, Adamantios and Linda Lombardi (1999). Consonant transparency and vowel echo. In Pius, N. Tamanji, Masako, Hirotani, and Nancy, Hall (eds.) Proceedings of NELS 29, volume 2: papers from the poster sessions. Amherst, MA, GLSA, pp. 81–95Google Scholar
Gajendragadkar, S. N. (1974). Parsi-Gujarati: a descriptive analysis. Bombay, University of BombayGoogle Scholar
Geiger, Wilhelm (1943). Pali literature and language. New Delhi, Munshiram Manoharlal PublishersGoogle Scholar
Ghini, Mirco (2001). Asymmetries in the phonology of Miogliola. New York, Mouton de GruyterCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gick, Bryan (1999). A gesture-based account of intrusive consonants in English. Phonology 16. 1: 29–54CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gildea, Spike (1995). Comparative Cariban syllable reduction. International Journal of American Linguistics 62. 1: 62–102CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gnanadesikan, Amalia (1995). Markedness and faithfulness constraints in child phonology. Rutgers Optimality Archive 67Google Scholar
Gnanadesikan, Amalia (1997). Phonology with ternary scales. Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts at AmherstGoogle Scholar
Goldsmith, John (1976). Autosegmental phonology. Doctoral dissertation, MITGoogle Scholar
Goldsmith, John (1987). Tane and accent: getting the two together. Berkeley Linguistic Society 13: 88–104CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldsmith, John (1990). Autosegmental and metrical phonology. Oxford, BlackwellGoogle Scholar
Gordon, M. (1999). Stress and other weight-sensitive phenomena: phonetics, phonology, and typology. Doctoral dissertation, UCLAGoogle Scholar
Gouskova, Maria (2001). Falling sonority onsets, loanwords, and syllable contact. In Mary Andronis, Christopher Ball, Heidi Elston, and Sylvain Neuvel (eds.) CLS 37: The main session. Vol.1. Chicago, CLS, pp. 175–86Google Scholar
Gouskova, Maria (2003). Deriving economy: syncope in Optimality Theory. Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, AmherstGoogle Scholar
Green, T. (1993). The conspiracy of completeness. Rutgers Optimality Archive 8Google Scholar
Greenberg, Joseph (1966). Language universals, with special reference to feature hierarchies. Janua linguarum. Series minor 59. The Hague, MoutonGoogle Scholar
Greenberg, Joseph (1975). Research on language universals. Annual Review of Anthropology 4: 75–94CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenberg, Joseph (ed.) (1978). Universals of human language: volume 1: method and theory. Stanford, Stanford University PressGoogle Scholar
Groves, T., Groves, G. W., and Jacobs, R. (1985). Kiribatese: an outline description. Canberra, The Australian National UniversityGoogle Scholar
Guion, Susan G. (1996). Velar palatalization: coarticulation, perception, and sound change. Doctoral dissertation, University of Texas at AustinGoogle Scholar
Guitart, J. M. (1981). Sobre la posteriorizacion de las consonantes posnucleares e el Español antillano: reexamen teorico-descriptivo. Sexto Simposio de Dialectologia del Caribe Hispanico, Universidad Catolica Madre y Maestra, Santiago de los Caballeros, Republica DominacaGoogle Scholar
Haas, Mary R. (1946). A grammatical sketch of Tunica. In Harry, Hoijer, Leonard, Bloomfield, and Mary, R. Haas (eds.) Linguistic structures of native America. Viking Fund publications in Anthropology 6. New York, Johnson Reprint Corporation, pp. 337–66Google Scholar
Haas, Mary R. (1968). Notes on a Chipewyan dialect. International Journal of American Linguistics 34: 165–75CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haddad, Ghassan (1983). Epenthesis and sonority in Lebanese Arabic. Studies in the Linguistic Sciences 14: 57–88Google Scholar
Hagstrom, Paul (1997). Contextual metrical invisibility. Rutgers Optimality Archive 219Google Scholar
Hahn, Reinhard (1991). Modern Uyghur y∼r insertion: nativization through analogical extension. Acta Linguistica Hafniensia 24: 77–96CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hale, Kenneth (1973). Deep-surface canonical disparities in relation to analysis and change: an Australian example. In Sebeok, T. (ed.) Current trends in linguistics. Volume 9: diachronic, areal and typological linguistics. The Hague, Mouton, pp. 401–58Google Scholar
Hale, Kenneth (1976). Phonological developments in a Northern Paman language: Uradhi. In Peter, Sutton (ed.) Languages of Cape York. Canberra, Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, pp. 41–9Google Scholar
Hale, Kenneth and White, J. Eagle (1980). A preliminary metrical account of Winnebago accent. International Journal of American Linguistics 46: 117–32CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hale, Mark and Charles, Reiss (2000). ‘Substance abuse’ and ‘dysfunctionalism’ : current trends in phonology. Linguistic Inquiry 31. 1: 157–69CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, T. Alan, (1997). The phonology of coronals. Current Issues in Linguistic Theory. Amsterdam, John BenjaminsCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, T. Alan (2006). Segmental features. In Paul, Lacy (ed.) The Cambridge handbook of phonology. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, ch.13Google Scholar
Halle, Morris and Ken Stevens (1979). Some reflections on the theoretical bases of phonetics. In Lindblom, B. and Ohman, S. (eds.) Frontiers in speech communication research. London, Academic Press, pp. 335–49Google Scholar
Halle, Morris and Jean-Roger, Vergnaud (1980). Three-dimensional phonology. Journal of Linguistic Research 1: 83–105Google Scholar
Halpern, A. M. (1946). Yuma. In Harry, Hoijer, Leonard, Bloomfield, and Mary, R. Haas (eds.) Linguistic Structures of Native America. New York, Johnson Reprint Corporation, pp. 249–88Google Scholar
Hankamer, Jorge and Judith Aissen (1974). The sonority hierarchy. In Anthony, Bruck, Robert, A. Fox, and Michael, W. La Galy (eds.) Papers from the parasession on natural phonology. Chicago, Chicago Linguistic Society, pp. 131–45Google Scholar
Haraguchi, Shosuke (1984). Some tonal and segmental effects of vowel height in Japanese. In Mark, Aronoff and , R. T. Orhrle (eds.) Language sound structure: studies in phonology presented to Morris Halle by his teacher and students. Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, pp. 145–56Google Scholar
Hargus, Sharon (1988). The lexical phonology of Sentani. New York, Garland Publishing IncGoogle Scholar
Harris, John (1990). Segmental complexity and phonological government. Phonology 7: 255–300Google Scholar
Harris, John (1997). Licensing inheritance: an integrated theory of neutralisation. Phonology 14: 315–70CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haspelmath, Martin (1993). A grammar of Lezgian. Berlin, MoutonCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hausenberg, Anu-Reet (1998). Komi. In Daniel, Abondolo (ed.) The Uralic languages. London, Routledge, pp. 305–26Google Scholar
Hayes, Bruce (1986). Assimilation as spreading in Toba Batak. Linguistic Inquiry 17: 467–99Google Scholar
Hayes, Bruce (1995). Metrical stress theory: principles and case studies. Chicago, The University of Chicago PressGoogle Scholar
Hayes, Bruce, Robert, Kirchner, and Donca, Steriade (2004). Phonetically based phonology. Cambridge, Cambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayward, Dick (1986). The high central vowel in Amharic: new approaches to an old problem. In Joshua, A. Fishman, Andree, Tabouret-Keller, Michael, Clyne, Krishnamurti, B., and Mohamed, Abdulaziz (eds.) The Fergusonian impact: in honor of Charles A. Ferguson on the occasion of his 65th birthday. Volume 1: from phonology to society. Berlin, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 301–25Google Scholar
Hayward, R. J. and Hayward, K. (1989). ‘Guttural’: arguments for a new distinctive feature. Transactions of the Philological Society 87: 179–93CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heath, Jeffrey (1984). Functional grammar of Nunggubuyu. Canberra, Australian Institute of Aboriginal StudiesGoogle Scholar
Heffner, R.-M. S. (1950). General phonetics. Madison, University of Wisconsin PressGoogle Scholar
Helimski, Eugene (1998). Nganasan. In Daniel, Abondolo (ed.) The Uralic languages. London, Routledge, pp. 480–515Google Scholar
Hellberg, Staffan (1974). Graphonomic rules in phonology: studies in the expression component of Swedish. Gothenburg, Acta Universitatis GothoburgensisGoogle Scholar
Hendon, Rufus S. (1966). The phonology and morphology of Ulu Muar Malay (Kuala Pilah District, Negri Sembilan, Malaya). Yale University Publications in Anthropology 70. Peabody, MA, Yale UniversityGoogle Scholar
Hoff, B. J. (1968). The Carib language. The Hague, Martinus NijhoffCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holmer, Arthur (1996). A parametric grammar of Seediq. Lund, Lund University PressGoogle Scholar
Hong, Soonhyun (1997). Prosodic domains and ambisyllabicity in Optimality Theory. Doctoral dissertation, University of PennsylvaniaGoogle Scholar
Hopkins, Alice W. (1987). Vowel dominance in Mohawk. International Journal of American Linguistics 53. 4: 445–59CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howe, Darin and Douglas, Pulleyblank (2004). Harmonic scales as faithfulness. Canadian Journal of Linguistics 49: 1–49CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hsin, Tien-Hsin (2000). Aspects of Maga Rukai phonology. Doctoral dissertation, University of ConnecticutGoogle Scholar
Hualde, Jose Ignacio (1991). Basque phonology. London, RoutledgeCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hualde, Jose Ignacio (1992). Catalan. London, RoutledgeGoogle Scholar
Hualde, José and Inaki, Gaminde (1998). Vowel interaction in Basque: a nearly exhaustive catalogue. Studies in the Linguistic Sciences 28. 1: 41–77Google Scholar
Huang, Hui-chan J. (2004). Functional unity and context-sensitive changes: avoiding onset glides in Squliq Atayal. Handout from Manchester Phonology Meeting 12
Hulst, Harry (1984). Syllable structure and stress in Dutch.Dordrecht, Foris PublicationsGoogle Scholar
Hulst, Harry van der and Jeroen van der Weijer (1995). Vowel harmony. In John, Goldsmith (ed.) The handbook of phonological theory. Oxford, Blackwell, pp. 495–535Google Scholar
Hume, Elizabeth (1992). Front vowels, coronal consonants, and their interaction in nonlinear phonology. Doctoral dissertation, Cornell UniversityGoogle Scholar
Hume, Elizabeth (2003). Language specific markedness: the case of place of articulation. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 9. 2: 295–310Google Scholar
Hume, Elizabeth (2004). Deconstructing markedness: a predictability-based approach. http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/∼ehume/papers/Hume_markedness_BLS30.pdf
Hume, Elizabeth and Ilana, Bromberg (2005). Epenthesis and information context. Paper presented at MOT Workshop in Phonology, McGill University
Hume, Elizabeth and Georgios, Tserdanelis (1999). Nasal place assimilation in Sri Lanka Portuguese Creole: implications for markedness. Ms., University of Ohio
Hume, Elizabeth (2002). Labial unmarkedness in Sri Lankan Portuguese Creole. Phonology 19: 441–58CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hyman, Larry (1982). The representation of length in Gokana. In Daniel, P. Flickinger, Marlys, Macken, and Nancy, Wiegand (eds.) Proceedings of the first West Coast Conference on formal linguistics. Stanford, Stanford University, pp. 198–206Google Scholar
Hyman, Larry (1985). A theory of phonological weight. Dordrecht, ForisGoogle Scholar
Hyman, Larry (2001). On the limits of phonetic determinism in phonology: *NC̥ revisited. In Elizabeth, Hume and Keith, Johnson (eds.) The role of speech pereception phenomena in phonology. San Diego, Academic Press, pp. 141–85Google Scholar
Inkelas, Sharon and Young-mee, Cho (1993). Inalterability as prespecification. Language 69: 529–74CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ito, Junko (1986). Syllable theory in prosodic phonology. Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, AmherstGoogle Scholar
Ito, Junko and Armin, Mester (1992). Weak layering and word binarity. Report LRC-92-09, Linguistic Research Center, University of California, Santa Cruz
Ito, Junko and Armin Mester (1995). The core-periphery structure of the lexicon and constraints on reranking. In Jill, Beckman, Suzanne, Urbanczyk, and Laura Walsh, Dickey (eds.) Papers in Optimality Theory. University of Massachusetts Occasional Papers 18. Amherst, GLSA, pp. 181–210Google Scholar
Ito, Junko (1998). The phonological lexicon. In Natsuko, Tsujimuru (ed.) A handbook of Japanese linguistics. Oxford, BlackwellGoogle Scholar
Ito, Junko (2003). Systemic markedness and faithfulness. Rutgers Optimality Archive 710Google Scholar
Iverson, Gregory (1989). On the category supralaryngeal. Phonology 6: 285–303CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iverson, Gregory and Kee-Ho Kim (1987). Underspecification and hierarchical feature representation in Korean consonantal phonology. In Anna, Bosch, Barbara, Need, and Eric, Schiller (eds.) Proceedings of CLS 23. Chicago, Chicago Linguistic Society, pp. 182–98Google Scholar
Jackson, Walter S. (1972). Wayana grammar. In Joseph, Grimes (ed.) Languages of the Guianas. Norman, SIL of the University of Oklahoma, pp. 47–77Google Scholar
Jakobson, Roman (1941). Kindersprache, Aphasie, und allgemeine Lautgesetze. Uppsala, Almqvist & Wiksell [tr. Child Language, Aphasia and Phonological Universals. The Hague, Mouton]Google Scholar
Jakobson, Roman (1949a). The phonemic and grammatical aspects of language in their interrelations. In Roman, Jakobson (ed.) Selected Writings II. The Hague, Mouton, pp. 103–14Google Scholar
Jakobson, Roman (1949b). The sound laws of child language. In Roman, Jakobson (ed.) Studies on Child Language and Aphasia. The Hague, MoutonGoogle Scholar
Jakobson, Roman (1978). Six lectures on sound and meaning. Cambridge, MA, MIT PressGoogle Scholar
Jakobson, Roman, Gunnar, Fant, and Morris, Halle (1952). Preliminaries to speech analysis. Cambridge, MA, MIT PressGoogle Scholar
Jakobson, Roman and Morris, Halle (1956). Fundamentals of language. The Hague, MoutonGoogle Scholar
Jun, Jongho (1995). Perceptual and articulatory factors in place assimilation: an Optimality Theoretic approach. Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Los AngelesGoogle Scholar
Ka, Omar (1985). Syllable structure and suffixation in Wolof. Studies in the Linguistic Sciences 15. 1: 61–90Google Scholar
Kager, René (1989). A metrical theory of stress and destressing in English and Dutch. Dordrecht, ForisGoogle Scholar
Kager, René (1997). Rhythmic vowel deletion in Optimality Theory. In Iggy, Roca (ed.) Derivations and constraints in phonology. Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp. 463–99Google Scholar
Kager, René (1999). Optimality Theory. Cambridge, Cambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kager, René, Visch, E. and Zonneveld, R. M. (1987). Nederlandse woordklemtoon: hoofdklemtoon, bijklemtoon, reductie en voeten. GLOT 10: 197–226Google Scholar
Kamprath, Christine (1987). Suprasegmental structures in a Raeto-Romansh dialect: a case study of metrical and lexical phonology. Doctoral dissertation, University of Texas at AustinGoogle Scholar
Kang, Yoonjung (2003). Perceptual similarity in loanword adaptation: English postvocalic word-final stops in Korean. Phonology 20: 219–73CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kangasmaa-Minn, Eeva (1998). Mari. In Daniel, Abondolo (ed.) The Uralic languages. London, Routledge, pp. 219–48Google Scholar
Kari, James (1976). Navajo verb prefix phonology. New York, Garland PublishingGoogle Scholar
Karvonen, Daniel and Adam, Sherman (1997). Sympathy, opacity, and u-umlaut in Icelandic. Phonology at Santa Cruz 5: 37–48Google Scholar
Kaye, Alan S., Jean, Lowenstamm, and Jean-Roger, Vergnaud (1989). Konstituentenstruktur und Rektion in der Phonologie. Linguistiche Berichte 2: 31–75Google Scholar
Kaye, Jonathan, Jean, Lowenstamm, and Jean-Roger, Vergnaud (1985). The internal structure of phonological elements: a theory of charm and government. Phonology Yearbook 2: 305–29CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kean, M.-L. (1975). The theory of markedness in Generative Grammar. Doctoral dissertation, MITGoogle Scholar
Keating, Patricia (1988). Palatals and complex segments: X-ray evidence. UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics 69: 77–91Google Scholar
Keer, Edward (1996). Floating moras and epenthesis in Sinhala. Ms., Rutgers University
Keer, Edward (1999). Geminates, the OCP and the nature of CON. Doctoral dissertation, Rutgers UniversityGoogle Scholar
Kenstowicz, Michael (1994). Syllabification in Chukchee: a constraint-based analysis. Rutgers Optimality Archive 30Google Scholar
Kenstowicz, Michael (1996). Quality-sensitive stress. Rivista di Linguistica 9:157–87 [also Rutgers Optimality Archive 33]Google Scholar
Kenstowicz, Michael and Charles, Kisseberth (1971). Unmarked bleeding orders. Studies in the Linguistic Sciences 1. 1: 8–28Google Scholar
Ketner, Katherine (2003). Homogeneity of process, heterogeneity of target in Czech epenthesis. MA Thesis, University of CambridgeGoogle Scholar
Key, Mary Ritchie (1969). Comparative Tacana phonology, with Cavineña phonology and notes on Pano Tacanan relationship. The Hague, MoutonGoogle Scholar
Kim, C.-W. (1973). Gravity in Korean phonology. Language Research 9: 274–81Google Scholar
Kimball, Geoffrey D. (1991). Koasati grammar. Lincoln, University of Nebraska PressGoogle Scholar
Kim-Renaud, Young-Key (1974). Korean consonantal phonology. Doctoral dissertation, University of Hawaii, HonoluluGoogle Scholar
Kim-Renaud, Young-Key (1986). Studies in Korean linguistics. Seoul, HanshinGoogle Scholar
Kingston, John (1990). Articulatory binding. In John, Kingston and Mary, Beckman (eds.) Papers in laboratory phonology I. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 406–34Google Scholar
Kingston, John and D. Solnit (1989). The inadequacy of underspecification. In Juli, Carter and Rose-Marie, Déchaine (eds.) Proceedings of NELS 19. Amherst, GLSA Publications, pp. 264–78Google Scholar
Kinkade, M. D. (1964). Phonology and morphology of Upper Chehalis: I. International Journal of American Linguistics 29. 3: 181–95CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kiparsky, Paul (1979). Metrical structure assignment is cyclic. Linguistic Inquiry 10: 421–41Google Scholar
Kiparsky, Paul (1982). Lexical phonology and morphology. In I. S., Yang (ed.) Linguistics in the morning calm. Vol.2. Seoul, Hanshin, pp. 3–91Google Scholar
Kiparsky, Paul (1984). On the lexical phonology of Icelandic. In Claes-Christian, Elert, Irène, Johansson, and Eva, Stangert (eds.) Nordic prosody III. Umeå, University of Umeå, pp. 135–64Google Scholar
Kiparsky, Paul (1985). Some consequences of lexical phonology. Phonology 2: 85–138CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kiparsky, Paul (1988). Phonological change. In Frederick, J. Newmeyer (ed.) Linguistics: the Cambridge Survey. volume 1: theoretical foundations. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 363–415Google Scholar
Kiparsky, Paul (1994). Remarks on markedness. Handout from TREND 2
Kiparsky, Paul (1995). The phonological basis of sound change. In John, Goldsmith (ed.) The handbook of phonological theory. Cambridge, MA, Blackwells, pp. 640–70Google Scholar
Kiparsky, Paul (2004). Universals constrain change; change results in typological generalizations. Ms., Stanford University
Kirchner, Robert (1996). Synchronic chain shifts in Optimality Theory. Linguistic Inquiry 27: 341–51Google Scholar
Kirchner, Robert Martin (1998). An effort-based approach to consonant lenition. Doctoral dissertation, University of California at Los AngelesGoogle Scholar
Kitto, Catherine and Paul de Lacy (1999). Correspondence and epenthetic quality. In Carolyn, Smallwood and Catherine, Kitto (eds.) Proceedings of AFLA VI: The sixth meeting of the Austronesian Formal Linguistics Association. Toronto, University of Toronto, pp. 181–200Google Scholar
Koehn, Edward and Sally Koehn (1986). Apalai. In Desmond, C. Derbyshire and Geoffrey, K. Pullum (eds.) Handbook of Amazonian languages. Vol.1. New York, Mouton, pp. 33–127Google Scholar
Koshal, Sanyukta (1979). Ladakhi grammar. Delhi, Motilal BanarsidassGoogle Scholar
Kossman, Maarten G. and Harry J. Stroomer (1997). Berber phonology. In Alan, S. Kaye (ed.) Phonologies of Asia and Africa (including the Caucasus). Vol.1. Winona Lake, IN, Eisenbrauns, pp. 461–76Google Scholar
Krause, Scott R. (1980). Topics in Chukchee phonology and morphology. Doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois, Champaign-UrbanaGoogle Scholar
Krivitskii, A. A. and Podluzhnyi, A. I. (1994). Uchebnik belorusskogo iazyka dlia samoobrazovaniia. Minsk, Vysheishaia shkolaGoogle Scholar
Kroeker, Barbara J. (1972). Morphophonemics of Nambiquara. Anthropological Linguistics 14: 19–22Google Scholar
Krupa, Viktor (1966). Morpheme and word in Maori. The Hague, MoutonGoogle Scholar
Ladefoged, Peter (1975). A course in phonetics. New York, Harcourt, Brace, JovanovichGoogle Scholar
Laidig, Carol J. (1992). Segments, syllables, and stress in Larike. In Donald, A. Burquest and Wyn, D. Laidig (eds.) Phonological studies in four languages of Maluku. Dallas, Summer Institute of Linguistics and University of Texas, pp. 67–126Google Scholar
Lambert, Wendy (1999). Epenthesis, metathesis, and vowel-glide alternation: prosodic reflexes in Mabalay Atayal. Doctoral dissertation, National Tsing Hua UniversityGoogle Scholar
Lamontagne, Greg and Keren Rice (1995). A correspondence account of coalescence. In Jill, Beckman, Suzanne, Urbanczyk, and Laura Walsh, Dickey (eds.) University of Massachusetts occasional papers in linguistics 18. Amherst, MA, GLSA, pp. 211–24Google Scholar
Lapoliwa, Hans (1981). A generative approach to the phonology of Bahasa Indonesia. Pacific Linguistics Series D-34 (Materials in Languages of Indonesia, No.3). Canberra, Australia National UniversityGoogle Scholar
Lasnik, Howard (1990). Learnability, restrictiveness, and the Evaluation Metric. In Howard, Lasnik (ed.) Essays on restrictiveness and learnability. Dordrecht, Kluwer, pp. 146–62Google Scholar
Lass, Roger (1976). English phonology and phonological theory. Cambridge, Cambridge University PressGoogle Scholar
Lavoie, Lisa (2001). Consonant strength: phonological patterns and phonetic manifestations. Outstanding dissertations in linguistics. New York, Garland Publishing IncGoogle Scholar
Lawton, Ralph (1993). Topics in the description of Kiriwina. Pacific Linguistics D-84. Canberra, Australian National UniversityGoogle Scholar
Laycock, D. C. (1965). The Ndu language family. Pacific Linguistics Series C No.1. Canberra, Linguistic Circle of CanberraGoogle Scholar
Leben, Will (1973). Suprasegmental phonology. Doctoral dissertation, MITGoogle Scholar
Lee, Duck-Young (1998). Korean phonology: a principle-based approach. LINCOM Studies in Asian Linguistics 12. Munich, LINCOM EuropaGoogle Scholar
Lefebvre, Claire (2000). What do Creole studies have to offer mainstream linguistics? Journal of Pidgin and Creole languages 15. 1: 127–53CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levin, Juliette (1985). A metrical theory of syllabicity. Doctoral dissertation, MITGoogle Scholar
Li, Fang-Kuei (1946). Chipewyan. In Harry, Hoijer, Leonard, Bloomfield, and Mary, R. Haas (eds.) Linguistic structures of Native America. Viking Fund publications in Anthropology 6. New York, Johnson Reprint Corporation, pp. 398–423Google Scholar
Li, Fang-Kuei (1977). Morphophonemic alternations in Formosan languages. Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica 48. 3: 375–413Google Scholar
Li, Fang-Kuei (1985). A secret language in Taiwanese. Journal of Chinese Linguistics 13. 1: 91–121Google Scholar
Li, Fang-Kuei (1991). Vowel deletion and vowel assimilation in Sediq. In Robert, Blust (ed.) Currents in Pacific linguistics: papers on Austronesian languages and ethnolinguistics in honour of George W. Grace. Pacific Linguistics C-117. Canberra, University of Canberra Press, pp. 163–69Google Scholar
Liberman, Mark (1975). The intonational system of English. Doctoral dissertation, MITGoogle Scholar
Liberman, Mark and Alan, Prince (1977). On stress and linguistic rhythm. Linguistic Inquiry 8: 249–336Google Scholar
Lichtenberk, Frantisek (1983). A grammar of Manam. Honolulu, University of Hawaii PressGoogle Scholar
Liljencrants, J. and Lindblom, B. (1972). Numerical simulation of vowel quality systems: the role of perceptual contrast. Language 48: 839–62CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindau, Mona (1978). Vowel features. Language 54: 541–63CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindblom, B. (1990). Explaining phonetic variation: a sketch of the H & H theory. In Hardcastle, W. J. and Marchal, A. (eds.) Speech production and speech modelling. Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 403–39CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindkoog, John N. and Ruth M. Brend (1962). Cayapa phonemics. In Benjamin, F. Elson (ed.) Studies in Ecuadorian Indian languages. Norman, Summer Institute of Linguistics of the University of Oklahoma, pp. 31–44Google Scholar
Lloret, Maria-Rosa (1992). The representation of glottals in Oromo. Phonology 12. 2: 257–80CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lombardi, Linda (1991). Laryngeal features and laryngeal neutralization. Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, AmherstGoogle Scholar
Lombardi, Linda (1995). Why place and voice are different: constraint-specific alternations and Optimality Theory. Rutgers Optimality Archive 105Google Scholar
Lombardi, Linda (1996). Restrictions on direction of voicing assimilation: an Optimality Theory account. University of Maryland Working Papers in Linguistics 4:84–102 [also Rutgers Optimality Archive 247]Google Scholar
Lombardi, Linda (1998). Coronal epenthesis and unmarkedness. University of Maryland Working Papers in Linguistics 5: 156–75Google Scholar
Lombardi, Linda (1999). Positional faithfulness and voicing assimilation in Optimality Theory. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 17: 267–302CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lombardi, Linda (2002). Coronal epenthesis and markedness. Phonology 19. 2: 219–51CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lombardi, Linda (2003). Markedness and the typology of epenthetic vowels. Linguistics and Phonetics 2002 proceedings: Prosody and phonetics [also Rutgers Optimality Archive 578]Google Scholar
Lubowicz, Ania (2002). Contrast preservation in phonological mappings. PhD dissertation, University of Massachusetts, AmherstGoogle Scholar
Lupas, Liana (1972). Phonologie du grec attique. The Hague, MoutonCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lutta, M. (1923). Der Dialekt von Bergün und seine Stellung innerhalb der rätoromanischern Mundarten Graubündens. Supplement to Zeitschrift für Romanische Philologie 71. Halle, NiemeyerGoogle Scholar
Lydall, Jean (1976). Hamer. In Marvin Lionel, Bender (ed.) The non-semitic languages of Ethiopia. East Lansing, MI, Michigan State University, pp. 393–438Google Scholar
Lynch, John (2000). Anejom̃ dictionary. Pacific Linguistics. Canberra, Australian National UniversityGoogle Scholar
Lynch, John, Malcolm, Ross, and Terry, Crowley (eds.) (2002). The Oceanic languages. Richmond, Curzon PressGoogle Scholar
MacKay, Carolyn J. (1994). A sketch of Misantla Totonac phonology. International Journal of American Linguistics 60. 4: 369–419CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacKenzie, Sara and B. Elan Dresher (2004). Contrast and phonological activity in the Nez Perce vowel system. In Pawel, M. Nowak, Corey, Yoquele, and David, Mortensen (eds.) Proceedings of BLS 29. Berkeley, Berkeley Linguistics Society, pp. 283–94Google Scholar
Maddieson, Ian (1992). UCLA phonological segment inventory database. Los Angeles, UCLAGoogle Scholar
Marlett, Stephen Alan (1981). The structure of Seri. Doctoral dissertation, University of San DiegoGoogle Scholar
Martens, M. and Tuominen, S. (1977). A tentative phonemic statement of Yil in West Sepik Province. Workpapers in Papua New Guinea Linguistics 19: 29–48Google Scholar
Martin, W. (1968). De verdoffing van gedekte en ongedekte e in niet-hoofdtonige postitie bij romaanse leenwoorden in het Nederlands. De Nieuw Taalgids 61: 162–81Google Scholar
Martinet, André (1964). Elements of general linguistics. Chicago, University of Chicago PressGoogle Scholar
Martinez-Gil, Fernando (1997). Word-final epenthesis in Galician. In Fernando Martinez-Gil and Alfonso Morales-Front (eds.) Issues in the phonology and morphology of the major Iberian languages. Washington, DC, Georgetown University Press, pp. 269–340Google Scholar
Mascaró, Joan (1976). Catalan phonology and the phonological cycle. Doctoral dissertation, MITGoogle Scholar
Mascaró, Joan (1986). Syllable-final processes in Catalan. In Carol Neidle and Rafael Núñez-Cedeño (eds.) Studies in Romance languages. Dordrecht, Foris, pp. 163–80Google Scholar
Mascaró, Joan (1996). External allomorphy as emergence of the unmarked. In Jacques Durand and Bernard Laks (eds.) Current trends in phonology: models and methods. Salford, European Studies Research Institute, pp. 473–83Google Scholar
McCarthy, John (1979). Formal problems in Semitic phonology and morphology. Doctoral dissertation, MITGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, John (1980). A note on the accentuation of Damascene Arabic. Studies in the Linguistic Sciences 10: 77–98Google Scholar
McCarthy, John (1988). Feature geometry and dependency: a review. Phonetica 43: 84–108CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, John (1989). Linear order in phonological representation. Linguistic Inquiry 20: 71–99Google Scholar
McCarthy, John (1991). Synchronic rule inversion. In L. Sulton, C. Johnson, and R. Shields (eds.), Proceedings of the Seventeenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. Berkeley, CA, Berkeley Linguistics Society, pp. 192–207Google Scholar
McCarthy, John (1993). A case of surface constraint violation. Canadian Journal of Linguistics 38: 127–53CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, John (1994). The phonetics and phonology of Semitic pharyngeals. In Patricia Keating (ed.) Phonological structure and phonetic form: papers in laboratory phonology III. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 191–233Google Scholar
McCarthy, John (1995). Extensions of faithfulness: Rotuman revisited.Amherst, University of MassachusettsGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, John (1999). Sympathy and phonological opacity. Phonology 16: 331–99CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, John (2000). The prosody of phase in Rotuman. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 18: 147–97CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, John (2001a). English engma. Talk Presented at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst
McCarthy, John (2001b). Optimality Theory: a thematic guide. Cambridge, Cambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, John (2002). Comparative markedness. Rutgers Optimality Archive 489Google Scholar
McCarthy, John (2003a). The length of stem-final vowels in colloquial Arabic. Rutgers Optimality Archive 616Google Scholar
McCarthy, John (2003b). Optimality Theory constraints are categorical. Phonology 20. 1: 75–138CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, John (2003c). On targeted constraints and cluster simplification. Phonology 19: 273–92CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, John (2006). Derivation. In Paul, Lacy (ed.) The Cambridge handbook of phonology. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, ch.5Google Scholar
McCarthy, John and Alan, Prince (1986). Prosodic morphology. Rutgers Technical Report TR-32. New Brunswick, Rutgers University Center for Cognitive ScienceGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, John (1993a). Generalized alignment. In Geert, Booij and Jaap, Marle (eds.) Yearbook of morphology. Dordrecht, Kluwer, pp. 79–153Google Scholar
McCarthy, John (1993b). Prosodic morphology volume 1: constraint interaction and satisfaction. Rutgers Technical Report TR-3. New Brunswick, Rutgers University Center for Cognitive ScienceGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, John (1994). The emergence of the unmarked: Optimality in prosodic morphology. In Mercè, Gonzàlez (ed.) Proceedings of NELS 24. Amherst, MA, GLSA, pp. 333–79Google Scholar
McCarthy, John (1995). Faithfulness and reduplicative identity. In Jill, Beckman, Suzanne, Urbanczyk, and Laura Walsh, Dickey (eds.) University of Massachusetts occasional papers in linguistics UMOP 18. Amherst, MA, GLSA, pp. 249–384Google Scholar
McCarthy, John and A. Taub (1992). Review of Paradis, C. and Prunet, J.-F. (eds.) The special status of coronals: internal and external evidence. Phonology 9: 363–70Google Scholar
McCawley, James D. (1968). The phonological component of a grammar of Japanese. The Hague, MoutonGoogle Scholar
McGuckin, Catherine (2002). Gapapaiwa. In John, Lynch, Malcolm, Ross, and Terry, Crowley (eds.) The Oceanic languages. Richmond, Curzon PressGoogle Scholar
McMahon, April (2000). Chance, change and optimality. Oxford, Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar
Meredith, Scott (1990). Issues in the phonology of prominence. Doctoral dissertation, MITGoogle Scholar
Mester, Armin and Junko Ito (1989). Feature predictability and underspecification: palatal prosody in Japanese mimetics. Language 65. 2: 258–93CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Metcalfe, C. D. (1975). Bardi verb morphology (northwestern Australia). Pacific Linguistics Series B No.30. Canberra, Australia National UniversityGoogle Scholar
Michelson, Karin (1988). A comparative study of Lake Iroquoian accent. Dordrecht, KluwerCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, G. A. and Nicely, P. E. (1955). Analysis of perceptual confusions among some English consonants. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 27: 338–52CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milliken, Stuart R. (1988). Protosyllables: a theory of underlying syllable structure in nonlinear phonology. Doctoral dissertation, Cornell UniversityGoogle Scholar
Mistry, P. J. (1997). Gujarati phonology. In Alan S. Kaye (ed.) Phonologies of Asia and Africa. Vol.2. Winona Lake, IN, Eisenbrauns, pp. 653–73Google Scholar
Mitchell, T. F. (1956). An introduction to Egyptian Colloquial Arabic. London, Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar
Mithun, Marianne (1976). A grammar of Tuscarora. New York, Garland PublicationsGoogle Scholar
Mithun, M. and Basri, H. (1986). The phonology of Selayarese. Oceanic Linguistics 25: 210–54CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miyakoda, Haruko (2005). The prosodic structure in Japanese acquisition. In Marina, Tzakosta, Claartje, Levelt, and Jeroen, Weijer (eds.) Developmental paths in phonological acquisition. Leiden Papers in Linguistics 2.1. Leiden, the Leiden University Centre for Linguistics (LUCL). http://www.ulcl.leidenuniv.nlGoogle Scholar
Mohanan, K. P. (1986). Vowel epenthesis in Malayalam: schwa or U? Indian Linguistics 47: 97–101Google Scholar
Mohanan, K. P. (1991). On the bases of Radical Underspecification. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 9: 285–326CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mohanan, K. P. (1993). Fields of attraction in phonology. In John, Goldsmith (ed.) The last phonological rule: reflections on constraints and derivations. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, pp. 61–116Google Scholar
Montler, Timothy R. and Heather, K. Hardy (1991). The phonology of negation in Alabama. International Journal of American Linguistics 57. 1: 1–23CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morelli, Frida (1999). The phonotactics and phonology of obstruent clusters in Optimality Theory. Doctoral dissertation, University of MarylandGoogle Scholar
Morén, Bruce (1999). Distinctiveness, coercion, and sonority: a unified theory of weight. Doctoral dissertation, University of MarylandGoogle Scholar
Morén, Bruce (2003). The parallel structures model of feature geometry. Working papers of the Cornell phonetics laboratory. Cornell, NY, Cornell University, ch.5Google Scholar
Moreton, Elliott (1999). Non-computable functions in Optimality Theory. Amherst, MA, Rutgers Optimality Archive 364Google Scholar
Morphy, Frances (1983). Djapu, a Yolngu dialect. In Dixon, R. M. W. and Barry, J. Blake (eds.) Handbook of Australian languages. Vol.3. Amsterdam, John Benjamins, pp. 1–187CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, Richard E. (2000). Constraint interaction in Spanish /s/-aspiration: three peninsular varieties. In Héctor, Campos, Elena, Herberger, Alfonso, Morales-Front, and Thomas, J. Walsh (eds.) Proceedings of the third Hispanic linguistics symposium. Somerville, MA, Cascadilla PressGoogle Scholar
Mosel, Ulrike and Even, Hovdhaugen (1992). Samoan reference grammar. London, Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar
Munro, Pamela and Peter John, Benson (1973). Reduplication and rule ordering in Luiseño. International Journal of American Linguistics 39: 15–21CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Munro, Pamela and Charles, Ulrich (1985). Nasals and nasalization in Western Muskogean. Ms., University of New Mexico and UCLA
Murray, Robert W. (1982). Consonant cluster developments in Pali. Folia Linguistica Historia 111. 2: 163–84Google Scholar
Murray, Sarah (2005). Devoicing and voicing assimilation without AGREE. MS, Rutgers University
Nair, Usha (1979). Gujarati Phonetic Reader. Mysore, Central Institute of Indian languagesGoogle Scholar
Nakano, Kazuo (1969). A phonetic basis for the syllabic nasal in Japanese. Onsei no kenkyu [Studies of Phonetics] 14: 215–28Google Scholar
Newmeyer, Frederick (1998). Language form and language function. Cambridge, MA, MIT PressGoogle Scholar
Newmeyer, Frederick J. (2003). Grammar is grammar and usage is usage. Language 79. 4: 682–707CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicolaidis, Katerina, Jan Edwards, Mary Beckman, and Georgios Tserdanelis (2004). Acquisition of lingual obstruents in Greek. In Georgia, Katsimali, Alexis, Kalokarinos, Elena, Anagnostopoulou, and Ioanna, Kappa (eds.) Proceedings of the 6th International Conference of Greek Linguistics, Rethymno, Crete, September 18–21, 2003.http://www.philology.noc.gr/conferences/6thICGL/ebook/default.htmGoogle Scholar
Nivens, R. (1992). A lexical phonology of West Tarangan. In Donald, A. Burquest and Carol, J. Laidig (eds.) Phonological studies in four languages of Maluku. Dallas, SIL and University of Texas at Arlington Publications in Linguistics, pp. 261–80Google Scholar
Odden, David (1987). Dissimilation as deletion in Chukchi. In Ann, Miller and Joyce, Powers (eds.) Proceedings of the Eastern States Conference on Linguistics. Cornell, Cornell University (http://ling.cornell.edu/clcpubs/ESCOL.html), pp. 235–46Google Scholar
Odden, David (1995). African tone languages. In John, Goldsmith (ed.) The handbook of phonological theory. Oxford, Blackwell, pp. 444–75Google Scholar
Ohala, John J. (1974). Phonetic explanation in phonology. In Anthony, Bruck, Robert, A. Fox, and Michael, W. La Galy (eds.) Papers from the parasession on natural phonology. Chicago, Chicago Linguistic Society, pp. 251–74Google Scholar
Ohala, John J. (1983). The origin of sound patterns in vocal tract constraints. In Peter, F. MacNeilage (ed.) The production of speech. New York, Springer, pp. 189–216Google Scholar
Ohala, John J. (1990). Alternatives to the sonority hierarchy for explaining segmental sequential constraints. In Michael, Ziolkowski, Manual, Noske, and Karen, Deaton (eds.) CLS 26: volume 2: the parasession on the syllable in phonetics and phonology. Chicago, Chicago Linguistic Society, pp. 319–38Google Scholar
Ohala, John J. (1992). There is no interface between phonetics and phonology: a personal view. Journal of Phonetics 18: 153–71Google Scholar
Ohala, John J. (1995). Phonetic explanations for sound patterns: implications for grammars of competence. In Elenius, K and Branderud, P. (eds.) Proceedings of the 13th International Congress of the Phonetic Sciences. Vol.2. Stockholm, Department of Speech Communication and Music Aconstics, KTH and Department of Linguistics, Stockholm University, pp. 52–9Google Scholar
Ohala, John J. and James Lorentz (1977). The story of [w]: an exercise in the phonetic explanation for sound patterns. In Kenneth, Whistler jr., Robert, Valin, Chris, Chiarello, Jeri, J. Jaeger, Miriam, Petruck, Henry, Thompson, Ronya, Javkin, and Anthony, Woodbury (eds.) Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. Berkeley, Berkeley Linguistics Society, pp. 577–99Google Scholar
Onn, Farid (1980). Aspects of Malay phonology and morphology: a generative approach. Bangi, Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaGoogle Scholar
Oostendorp, Marc (1995). Vowel quality and phonological projection. Doctoral dissertation, Katholieke Universiteit BrabantGoogle Scholar
Oostendorp, Marc (1999). The velar nasal as a nuclear nasal in Dutch. Ms., Meertens Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
Orr, Carolyn (1962). Ecuador Quichua phonology. In Benjamin, Elson (ed.) Studies in Ecuadorian Indian languages. Vol.1. Norman, Summer Institute of Linguistics of the University of Oklahoma, pp. 60–77Google Scholar
Owens, Jonathan (1985). A grammar of Harar Oromo (Northeastern Ethiopia). Cushitic Language Studies 4. Hamburg, BuskeGoogle Scholar
Padgett, Jaye (1994). Stricture and nasal place assimilation. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 12: 463–513CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Padgett, Jaye (2003). Contrast and post-velar fronting in Russian. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 21: 39–87CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pagliano, Claudine (2004). There is no post-verbal liaison in French: [t] in fait-il is epenthetic. Handout from the 12th Manchester Phonology ConferenceGoogle Scholar
Palmada, Blanca (1994). La fonologia del Català: el principis generals i la variació. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Barcelona, Servei de Publicacions de la Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaGoogle Scholar
Pandharipande, Rajeshwari V. (1997). Marathi. London, RoutledgeGoogle Scholar
Pankratz, Leo and Eunice, V. Pike (1967). Phonology and morphotonemics of Ayutla Mixtec. International Journal of American Linguistics 33: 287–99CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paradis, Carole (1992). Lexical phonology and morphology: the nominal classes in Fula. New York, GarlandGoogle Scholar
Paradis, Carole and Darlene, LaCharité (2001). Guttural deletion in loanwords. Phonology 18. 2: 225–300CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paradis, Carole and Jean-François, Prunet (1990). The coronal vs. velar placelessness controversy. McGill Working Papers in Linguistics 6. 2: 192–228Google Scholar
Paradis, Carole (1991a). Introduction: asymmetry and visibility in consonant articulations. In Carole, Paradis and Prunet, J.-F. (eds.) The special status of coronals: internal and external evidence. Phonetics and Phonology 2. San Diego, Academic Press, pp. 1–28Google Scholar
Paradis, Carole and Jean-François, Prunet (eds.) (1991b). The special status of coronals: internal and external evidence. Phonetics and Phonology 2. San Diego, Academic PressGoogle Scholar
Paradis, Carole (1994). A reanalysis of velar transparency cases. The Linguistic Review 11: 101–40CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parker, Stephen (1987). Kana acha'taka ijnachale kana chamekolo (vocabulario y textos chamicuro). Comunidades y Culturas Peruanas No. 21. Yarinacocha, Pucallpa, Peru, Ministerio de Educación and Instituto Lingüístico de VeranoGoogle Scholar
Parker, Stephen (1989). The sonority grid in Chamicuro phonology. Linguistic Analysis 19: 3–58Google Scholar
Parker, Stephen (1994a). Coda epenthesis in Huariapano. International Journal of American Linguistics 60. 2: 95–119CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parker, Stephen (1994b). Laryngeal codas in Chamicuro. International Journal of American Linguistics 60. 3: 261–71CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parker, Stephen (1998). Disjoint metrical tiers and positional markedness in Huariapano. Ms., University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Parker, Stephen (2001a). On the phonemic status of [h] in Tiriyo. International Journal of American Linguistics 67: 105–18CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parker, Stephen (2001b). Non-optimal onsets in Chamicuro: an inventory maximised in coda position. Phonology 18. 3: 361–86CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parker, Stephen (2002). Quantifying the sonority hierarchy. Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, AmherstGoogle Scholar
Pater, Joe (1996). *NC̥. In Kiyomi, Kusumoto (ed.) Proceedings of NELS 26. Amherst, MA, GLSA Publications, pp. 227–39Google Scholar
Pater, Joe (1997). Minimal violation and phonological development. Language Acquisition 6: 201–53CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pater, Joe (1999). Austronesian nasal substitution and other NC effects. In René, Kager, Harry, Hulst, and Wim, Zonneveld (eds.) The prosody-morphology interface. London, Cambridge University Press, pp. 310–43Google Scholar
Pater, Joe and Jessica, Barlow (2002). Place-determined onset selection. Ms., University of Massachusetts, Amherst and San Diego State University
Pater, Joe and Adam, Werle (2003). Direction of assimilation in child consonant harmony. Canadian Journal of Linguistics 48. 3/4: 385–408CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Payne, David L. (1981). The phonology and morphology of Axininca Campa. Summer Institute of Linguistics Publications in Linguistics 66. Dallas, SILGoogle Scholar
Payne, David L. (1990). Accent in Aguaruna. In Doris, L. Payne (ed.) Amazonian linguistics: studies in lowland South American languages. Austin, University of Texas Press, pp. 161–84Google Scholar
Payne, Doris L. and Thomas E. Payne (1986). Yagua. In Desmond, C. Derbyshire and Geoffrey, K. Pullum (eds.) Handbook of Amazonian languages. Vol.2. Berlin, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 249–474Google Scholar
Payne, Judith (1990). Asheninca stress patterns. In Doris, L. Payne (ed.) Amazonian linguistics: studies in lowland South American languages. Austin, University of Texas Press, pp. 185–209Google Scholar
Peasgood, Edward T. (1972). Carib phonology. In Joseph, Grimes (ed.) Languages of the Guianas. Norman, Summer Institute of Linguistics of the University of Oklahoma, pp. 35–41Google Scholar
Peperkamp, Sharon (in press). A psycholinguistic theory of loanword adaptations. Proceedings of BLS 30.http://www.ehess.fr/centres/lscp/persons/peperkamp/BLS30.pdfGoogle Scholar
Peperkamp, Sharon and Emmanuel Dupoux (2003). Reinterpreting loanword adaptations: the role of perception. In Maria Joseph, Solé, Daniel, Recasens, and Joaquim, Romero (eds.) The proceedings of the 15th International Conference of the Phonetic Sciences. Ruddle Mall, Australia, Causal Productions, pp. 367–70Google Scholar
Piggott, Glyne L. (1980). Aspects of Odawa morphophonemics. New York, Garland Publishing IncGoogle Scholar
Piggott, Glyne L. (1993). Satisfying the minimal word. McGill Working Papers in Linguistics 8. 2: 194–233Google Scholar
Pike, Eunice (1954). Phonetic rank and subordination in consonant patterning and historical change. Miscellanea Phonetica 2: 25–41Google Scholar
Ping, Jiang-King (1996). An Optimality account of tone-vowel interaction in Northern Min. Doctoral dissertation, University of British ColumbiaGoogle Scholar
Ping, Jiang-King (1999). Sonority constraints on tonal patterns. In Kimary, Shahin, Susan, J. Blake, and Eun-Sook, Kim (eds.) WCCFL 17. Stanford, CSLI, pp. 332–46Google Scholar
Pinker, Steven and David, Birdsong (1979). Speaker's sensitivity to rules of frozen word order. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behaviour 18: 497–508CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Podesva, Robert (2000). Constraints on geminates in Buginese and Selayarese. In Roger, Billery and Brook Danielle, Lillehaugen (eds.) Proceedings of WCCFL 19. Somerville, MA, Cascadilla Press, pp. 101–14Google Scholar
Poppe, Nicholas (1960). Buriat Grammar. Uralic and Altaic Series, Vol.2. Bloomington, Indiana University PublicationsGoogle Scholar
Prentice, D. J. (1971). The Murut languages of Sabah. Pacific Linguistics C No.18. Canberra, Australian National UniversityGoogle Scholar
Price, P. David, (1976). Southern Nambiquara phonology. International Journal of American Linguistics 42. 4: 338–48CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prince, Alan (1983). Relating to the grid. Linguistic Inquiry 14: 19–100Google Scholar
Prince, Alan (1997a). Paninian relations. Colloquium talk, University of Massachusetts, Amherst. http://ling.rutgers.edu/people/faculty/prince.html
Prince, Alan (1997b). Stringency and anti-Paninian hierarchies. Handout from LSA Institute. http://ling.rutgers.edu/people/faculty/prince.html
Prince, Alan (1997c). Topics in Optimality Theory: Class 3: Harmonic completeness, AP order; chain shifts. Handout, LSA Institute. http://ling.rutgers.edu/people/faculty/prince.html
Prince, Alan (1997d). Elsewhere and otherwise. Rutgers Optimality Archive 217. http://ling.rutgers.edu/people/faculty/prince.htmlGoogle Scholar
Prince, Alan (1998). Two lectures on Optimality Theory. Phonology Forum 1998, Kobe University. http://ling.rutgers.edu/people/faculty/prince.html
Prince, Alan (1999). Paninian relations. Handout, University of Marburg. http://ling.rutgers.edu/people/faculty/prince.html
Prince, Alan and Paul Smolensky (1993). Optimality Theory: constraint interaction in generative grammar. Rutgers Technical Reports TR-2. New Brunswick, NJ, Rutgers Center for Cognitive Science [also Rutgers Optimality Archive 537]. Published in 2004 by BlackwellsGoogle Scholar
Pulleyblank, Douglas (1998). Yoruba vowel patterns: deriving asymmetries by the tension between opposing constraints. Rutgers Optimality Archive 270Google Scholar
Pulleyblank, E. G. (1989). The role of coronal in articulator based features. In Wiltshire, C., Graczyk, R., and Music, B. (eds.) Papers from CLS 25. Chicago, Chicago Linguistic Society, pp. 379–93Google Scholar
Quick, Philip (2000). A grammar of the Pendau language. Doctoral dissertation, Australian National UniversityGoogle Scholar
Rand, E. (1968). The structural phonology of Alabaman, a Muskogean language. International Journal of American Linguistics 34: 94–103CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rappaport, Malka (1981). The phonology of gutturals in Biblical Hebrew. In Joseph, Aoun and Hagit, Borer (eds.) Theoretical issues in Semitic linguistics. Cambridge, MA, MIT, pp. 101–27Google Scholar
Rappaport, Malka (1984). Issues in the phonology of Tiberian Hebrew. Doctoral dissertation, MITGoogle Scholar
Raz, Shlomo (1983). Tigré grammar and texts. Afroasiatic Dialects, Vol. 4. Malibu, CA, UndenaGoogle Scholar
Recasens, Daniel (1991). Fonética descriptiva del Català. Barcelona, Intitut d'Estudias Catalans, Biblioteca Filològica XⅪGoogle Scholar
Repetti, Lori (1996). Syllabification and unsyllabified consonants in Emilian and Romagnol dialects. In Claudia, Parodi, Carlos, Quicoli, Mario, Saltarelli, and María, Luisa Zubizarreta (eds.) Aspects of Romance Linguistics. Washington, DC, Georgetown University Press, pp. 373–82Google Scholar
Rice, Keren (1978). A note on Fort Resolution Chipewyan. International Journal of American Linguistics 44: 144–5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rice, Keren (1988). Continuant voicing in Slave (Northern Athapaskan): The cyclic application of default rules. In Michael, Hammond and Michael, Noonan (eds.) Theoretical morphology. San Diego, Academic Press, pp. 371–94Google Scholar
Rice, Keren (1989). A grammar of Slave. Berlin, Mouton de GruyterCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rice, Keren (1992). On deriving sonority: a structural account of sonority relationships. Phonology 9: 61–99CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rice, Keren (1996). Default variability: the coronal-velar relationship. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 14. 3: 493–543CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rice, Keren (1999a). Featural markedness in phonology: variation. Part 1. GLOT 4. 7: 3–6Google Scholar
Rice, Keren (1999b). Featural markedness in phonology: variation. Part 2. GLOT 4. 8: 3–7Google Scholar
Rice, Keren (2004a). Neutralization and epenthesis: is there markedness in the absence of contrast? Handout from GLOW
Rice, Keren (2004b). Sonorant relationships: the case of liquids. Handout from a talk presented at the Canadian Linguistics Association
Rice, Keren (2006). Markedness. In Paul, Lacy (ed.) The Cambridge Handbook of Phonology. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, ch.4Google Scholar
Rice, Keren (in prep.). Markedness in phonology. Cambridge, Cambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rice, Keren and Peter Avery (1991). On the relationship between laterality and coronality. In Carole, Paradis and Jean-François, Prunet (eds.) The special status of coronals: internal and external evidence. Volume 2: phonetics and phonology. San Diego, Academic Press, pp. 101–23Google Scholar
Rice, Keren (1993). Segmental complexity and the structure of inventories. In Carrie, Dyck (ed.) Toronto Working Papers in Linguistics 12. Toronto, University of Toronto, pp. 131–54Google Scholar
Rice, Keren (1995). Variability in a deterministic model of language acquisition: a theory of segmental elaboration. In Archibald, J. (ed.) Phonological acquisition and phonological theory. Hillsdale, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 23–42Google Scholar
Rice, Keren and Trisha, Causley (1998). Asymmetries in featural markedness: place of articulation. Handout from GLOW
Rich, Furne (1963). Arabela phonemes and high-level phonology. Studies in Peruvian Indian languages I. Oklahoma, University of Oklahoma and SILGoogle Scholar
Roberts, T. and Li, Y.-C. (1963). Problems in the phonology of the Southern Min dialect of Taiwan. Journal of Tunghai University 5: 95–108Google Scholar
Rodrigues, Aryon D. (1999a). Macro-Jê. In Dixon, R. M. W. and Alexandra, Y. Aikhenvald (eds.) The Amazonian languages.Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 165–201Google Scholar
Rodrigues, Aryon D. (1999b). Tupí. In Dixon, R. M. W. and Alexandra, Y. Aikhenvald (eds.) The Amazonian languages.Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 107–22Google Scholar
Rose, Sharon (1996). Variable laryngeals and vowel lowering. Phonology 13: 73–117CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rose, Sharon (1997). Theoretical issues in comparative Ethio-Semitic phonology and morphology. Doctoral dissertation, McGill UniversityGoogle Scholar
Rosenthall, Samuel (1995). Vowel/glide alternation in a theory of constraint interaction. Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, AmherstGoogle Scholar
Ross, Malcolm (1980). Some elements of Vanimo, a New Guinea Tone Language. Papers in New Guinea Linguistic (Pacific Linguistics A, No.56) 20: 77–109Google Scholar
Ross, Malcolm (2002). Taiof. In John, Lynch, Malcolm, Ross, and Terry, Crowley (eds.) The Oceanic languages. Richmond, Curzon Press, pp. 426–39Google Scholar
Rutgers, Roland (1998). Yamphu: grammar, texts, and lexicon. Leiden, Research School CNWSGoogle Scholar
Saeed, John (1999). Somali. London Oriental and African language library. Amsterdam, John Benjamins Publishing CompanyCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sagey, Elizabeth (1986). The representation of features and relations in nonlinear phonology. Doctoral dissertation, MITGoogle Scholar
Salminen, Tapani (1998). Nenets. In Daniel, Abondolo (ed.) The Uralic languages. London, Routledge, pp. 516–47Google Scholar
Salmond, Anne (1974). A generative syntax of Luangiua: a Polynesian language. The Hague, MoutonCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samek-Lodovici, Vieri (1992). Universal constraints and morphological gemination: a cross-linguistic study. Ms., Brandeis UniversityGoogle Scholar
Samek-Lodovici, Vieri (1993). A unified analysis of crosslinguistic morphological gemination. In Peter, Ackema and Maaike, Schooslemmer (eds.) Proceedings of CONSOLE 1. Utrecht, Holland Academic Graphics, pp. 265–83Google Scholar
Samek-Lodovici, Vieri and Alan, Prince (1999). Optima. Rutgers Optimality Archive 363Google Scholar
Sapir, J. David, (1965). A grammar of Diola-Fogny. Cambridge, Cambridge University PressGoogle Scholar
Schein, Barry and Donca, Steriade (1986). On geminates. Linguistic Inquiry 17: 691–744Google Scholar
Schlie, Perry and Ginny Schlie (1993). A Kara phonology. In John, M. Clifton (ed.) Data papers on New Guinea linguistics: phonologies of Austronesian languages 2. Papua New Guinea, SIL Academic Publications, pp. 99–130Google Scholar
Schuh, Russell G. (2005). Segmental phonology. In Russell, G. Schuh (ed.) Reference grammar of Bole. http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/humnet/aflang/Bole-/bole_papers.html (14 February 2006)Google Scholar
Schwartz, Jean-Luc, Louis-Jean, Boë, Nathalie, Vallée, and Christian, Abry (1997). Major trends in vowel system inventories. Journal of Phonetics 25: 233–53CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, Linda J. (1979). Syntactic markedness and frequency of occurrence. In Thomas, Perry (ed.) Evidence and argumentation in linguistics. Berlin, Walter de Gruyter, pp. 315–33Google Scholar
Sekiyama, K. and Tohkura, Y. (1991). McGurk effect in non-English listeners: few visual effects for Japanese subjects hearing Japanese syllables of high auditory intelligibility. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 90: 1797–805CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Selkirk, Elisabeth (1984). On the major class features and syllable theory. In Mark, Aronoff and Richard, T. Oehrle (eds.) Language sound structure: studies in phonology presented to Morris Halle by his teachers and students. Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, pp. 107–36Google Scholar
Selkirk, Elisabeth (1991). A two-root theory of length. In Dunlap, E. and Jaye, Padgett (eds.) University of Massachusetts occasional papers in linguistics 14: papers in phonology. Amherst, MA, GLSA, pp. 123–72Google Scholar
Selkirk, Elisabeth (1995). The prosodic structure of function words. In Jill, Beckman, Laura Walsh, Dickey, and Suzanne, Urbanczyk (eds.) Papers in Optimality Theory. University of Massachusetts Occasional Papers 18. Amherst, MA, GLSA, pp. 439–70Google Scholar
Shaw, Patricia A. (1980). Theoretical issues in Dakota phonology and morphology. New York, Garland Publishing IncGoogle Scholar
Sigurd, Bengt (1965). Phonotactic structures in Swedish. Lund, UniskolGoogle Scholar
Silverman, Daniel (1992). Multiple scansions in loanword phonology: evidence from Cantonese. Phonology 9. 2: 289–328CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sivertsen, E. (1960). Cockney phonology. New York, Humanities PressGoogle Scholar
Smith, Ian R. (1978). Sri Lanka Portuguese Creole phonology. Vanciyoor, Dravidian Linguistics AssociationGoogle Scholar
Smith, Jennifer (1997). Noun faithfulness: on the privileged behavior of nouns in phonology. Rutgers Optimality Archive 242Google Scholar
Smith, Jennifer (2002). Phonological augmentation in prominent positions. Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, AmherstGoogle Scholar
Smolensky, Paul (1993). Harmony, markedness, and phonological activity. Rutgers Optimality Archive 87Google Scholar
Sommerstein, Alan (1977). Modern phonology. London, ArnoldGoogle Scholar
Spring, Cari (1990). Implications of Axininca Campa for prosodic morphology and reduplication.Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona, TucsonGoogle Scholar
Sridhar, S. N. (1990). Kannada. London, Routledge
Stahlke, Herbert F. (1975). Some problems with binary features of tone. In Robert, K. Herbert (ed.) Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on African Linguistics. Ohio, Ohio State University, pp. 87–98Google Scholar
Stampe, David (1972). How I spent my summer vacation (a dissertation on Natural Generative Phonology). Doctoral dissertation, University of ChicagoGoogle Scholar
Stemberger, Joseph (1992). Vocalic underspecification in English language production. Language 68: 492–524CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stemberger, Joe and Carol Stoel-Gammon (1991). The underspecification of coronals: evidence from language acquisition and performance errors. In Carole, Paradis and Jean-François, Prunet (eds.) Phonetics and phonology: Vol.2. The special status of coronals. San Diego, Academic Press, pp. 181–99Google Scholar
Steriade, Donca (1982). Greek prosodies and the nature of syllabification. Doctoral dissertation, MITGoogle Scholar
Steriade, Donca (1987a). Locality conditions and feature geometry. In Joyce, M. McDonough and Bernadette, Plunkett (eds.) Proceedings of NELS 17. Amherst, MA, GLSA, pp. 595–617Google Scholar
Steriade, Donca (1987b). Redundant values. In Anna, Bosch, Barbara, Need, and Eric, Schiller (eds.) Proceedings of the Chicago Linguistic Society 23: parasession on autosegmental and metrical phonology. Vol.2. Chicago, Chicago Linguistic Society, pp. 339–62Google Scholar
Steriade, Donca (1995a). Positional neutralization. Ms., UCLAGoogle Scholar
Steriade, Donca (1995b). Underspecification and markedness. In John, Goldsmith (ed.) The handbook of phonological theory. Oxford, Blackwell, pp. 114–74Google Scholar
Stites, Jessica, Katherine Demuth, and Cecilia Kirk (2004). Markedness versus frequency effects in coda acquisition. In Alejna, Brugos, Linnea, Micciulla, and Christine, E. Smith (eds.) Proceedings of the 28th Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development. Somerville, MA, Cascadilla Press, pp. 565–76Google Scholar
Stonham, John (1999). Aspects of Tsishaath Nootka phonetics and phonology. LINCOM studies in Native American linguistics 32. Munich, LINCOM EuropaGoogle Scholar
Strange, W. and P. A. Broen (1980). Perception and production of approximant consonants by 3-year-olds: a first study. In Yeni-Komshian, G. H., Kavanaugh, J. F., and Ferguson, C. A. (eds.), Child phonology, Vol.2: Perception. New York, Academic Press, pp. 117–54Google Scholar
Stroomer, Harry J. (1987). A comparative study of three Southern Oromo dialects in Kenya. Hamburg, Helmut Buske VerlagGoogle Scholar
Struijke, Caro (2001). Existential faithfulness: a study of reduplicative TETU, feature movement, and dissimilation. Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College ParkGoogle Scholar
Suzuki, Keiichiro (1998). A typological investigation of dissimilation. Doctoral dissertation, University of ArizonaGoogle Scholar
Svantesson, Jan-Olof (1995). Cyclic syllabification in Mongolian. NLLT 13. 4: 755–66Google Scholar
Taylor, George P. (1908). The student's Gujarati grammar with exercises and vocabulary (2nd edition). Bombay, Thacker and CoGoogle Scholar
Teoh, Boon Seong (1988). Aspects of Malay phonology revisited: a non-linear approach. Doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignGoogle Scholar
Tesar, Bruce and Paul, Smolensky (1998). Learnability in Optimality Theory. Linguistic Inquiry 29: 229–68CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, David A. (1988). Lockhart River ‘sand beach’ language: an outline of Kuuku Ya'u and Umpila. Darwin, Summer Institute of Linguistics, Australian Aborigines and Islanders BranchGoogle Scholar
Tracy, Frances (1972). Wapishana phonology. In Joseph, E. Grimes (ed.) Languages of the Guianas. Norman, OK, Summer Institute of Linguistics of the University of Oklahoma, pp. 78–84Google Scholar
Tranel, Bernard (1981). Concreteness in generative phonology. Berkeley, University of California PressGoogle Scholar
Trigo Ferre, Rosario Lorenza (1988). On the phonological derivation and behavior of nasal glides. Doctoral dissertation, MITGoogle Scholar
Trommer, Jochen and Angela, Grimm (2004). Albanian word stress. Handout from Manchester Phonology Meeting, 20–22 May 2004. http://www.ling.uni-osnabrueck.de/trommer/alb.pdf [31 January 2006]
Trubetzkoy, Nikolai S. (1931). Die phonologischen Systeme. Travaux du Cercle Linguistique de Prague. Vol.4. Prague, Jednota Ceskoslovenskych Matimatiku a Fysiku, pp. 96–116Google Scholar
Trubetzkoy, Nikolai S. (1939). Grundzüge der Phonologie. Göttingen, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht [Translated by A. M. Baltaxe]Google Scholar
Trubetzkoy, Nikolai S. (1968). Introduction to the principles of phonological description (translated by L. A.Muny). The Hague, Martinus NijhoffCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trubetzkoy, Nikolai S. (1975). N. S. Trubetzkoy's letters and notes. The Hague, MoutonGoogle Scholar
Truckenbrodt, Hubert (2006). The syntax-phonology interface. In Paul, Lacy (ed.) The Cambridge handbook of phonology. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, ch.18Google Scholar
Tsuchida, Shigeru (1976). Reconstruction of Proto-Tsouic phonology. Studies of languages and cultures of Asia and Africa, No.5. Tokyo, Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and AfricaGoogle Scholar
Heuvel, Wilco (2004). Floating moras triggering epenthesis at intonation boundaries in Biak. Handout from the 6th Austronesian Formal Linguistics Association
Wely, F. P. H. Prick (1967). Cassell's English–Dutch, Dutch–English dictionary. London, Macmillan Publishing CompanyGoogle Scholar
Vance, Timothy (1987). An introduction to Japanese phonology. Albany, SUNY PressGoogle Scholar
Vasanthakumari, T. (1989). Generative phonology of Tamil. Delhi, Mittal PublicationsGoogle Scholar
Vaux, Bert (1998). The laryngeal specifications of fricatives. Linguistic Inquiry 29. 3: 497–512CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vaux, Bert (2001). Consonant epenthesis and hypercorrection. Talk presented at the Linguistic Society of America
Vaux, Bert (2003). Consonant epenthesis and hypercorrection. Ms., Harvard University
Vaysman, Olga (2002). Consonant gradation and Prosody in Nganasan. Ms., MIT
Vennemann, Theo (1988). Preference laws for syllable structure and the explanation of sound change. Berlin, Mouton de GruyterGoogle Scholar
Walker, Rachel (1998). Nasalization, neutral segments, and opacity effects. Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Santa CruzGoogle Scholar
Walker, Rachel (2000). Nasalization, neutral segments and opacity effects. New York, GarlandGoogle Scholar
Walsh Dickey, Laura (1997). The phonology of liquids. Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, AmherstGoogle Scholar
Watkins, Laurel J. (1984). A grammar of Kiowa. Lincoln, University of Nebraska PressGoogle Scholar
Waugh, Linda (1979). Markedness and phonological systems. In Wolck, W. and Paul, L. Garvin (eds.) The fifth LACUS forum. Columbia, SC, Hornbeam Press, pp. 155–65Google Scholar
Weber, David John (1989). A grammar of Huallaga (Huánuco) Quechua. University of California Publications in Linguistics 112. Berkeley, University of California PressGoogle Scholar
Welch, Betty and Birdie Welch (1967). The phonemic system of Tucano. In Viola, Waterhouse (ed.) Phonemic systems of Colombian languages. Norman, Summer Institute of Linguistics of the University of Oklahoma, pp. 11–24Google Scholar
Wells, John C. (1982). Accents of English. volume 2: the British Isles. Cambridge, Cambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wetzels, W. Leo, and Benjamin Hermans (1985). Aspirated geminates in Pali. In Bennis, H. and Benkema, F. (eds.) Linguistics in the Netherlands. Vol.1. Dordrecht, Foris, pp. 213–23Google Scholar
Wetzels, W. Leo, and Joan, Mascaró (2001). The typology of voicing and devoicing. Language 77. 2: 207–44CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wheeler, Max (1979). Phonology of Catalan. Oxford, Basil BlackwellGoogle Scholar
Wheeler, Max (2005a). The phonology of Catalan. The Phonology of the World's Languages Series. Oxford, Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar
Wheeler, Max (2005b). Cluster reduction: deletion or coalescence? In Jesús Jiménez and Maria-Rosa Lloret (eds.) Special Issue of Catalan Journal of Linguistics: Morphology in Phonology 4 [also Rutgers Optimality Archive 718]Google Scholar
Wiese, Richard (2001). The phonology of /r/. In Alan, T. Hall (ed.) Distinctive feature theory. New York, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 335–68Google Scholar
Williams, Herbert (1971 [1844)]. A dictionary of the Maori language. 7th edn. Wellington, A. R. Shearer, Government PrinterGoogle Scholar
Williamson, Kay (1977). Multivalued features for consonants. Language 53: 843–71CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, Colin (2000). Targeted constraints: an approach to contextual neutralization in Optimality Theory. Doctoral dissertation, Johns Hopkins UniversityGoogle Scholar
Wiltshire, Caroline (1998). Extending ALIGN constraints to new domains. Linguistics 36. 3: 423–68CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woolams, Geoff (1996). A grammar of Karo Batak, Sumatra. Pacific Linguistics C-130. Canberra, Australian National UniversityGoogle Scholar
Woolford, Ellen (1999). Animacy hierarchy effects on object agreement. In Paul, F. A. Kotey (ed.) New dimensions in African linguistics and languages. Trenton, NJ and Asmara, Eritrea, Africa World Press, pp. 203–16Google Scholar
Yallop, Colin (1977). Alyawarra: an Aboriginal language of Central Australia. Research and Regional Studies 10. Canberra, Australian Institute of Aboriginal StudiesGoogle Scholar
Yar-Shater, Ehsan (1969). A grammar of southern Tati dialects. The Hague, MoutonGoogle Scholar
Yip, Moira (1982). Reduplication and CV skeleta in Chinese secret languages. Linguistic Inquiry 13. 4: 637–62Google Scholar
Yip, Moira (1991). Coronals, consonant clusters, and the coda condition. In Carole, Paradis and Jean-François, Prunet (eds.) The special status of coronals: internal and external evidence, II: phonetics and phonology. San Diego, Academic Press, pp. 61–78Google Scholar
Yip, Moira (1992). Sonorant vs. obstruent codas in East Asian languages: a prosodic distinction. Ms., University of California, Irvine
Yip, Moira (1994). Morpheme-level features: Chaoyang syllable structure and nasalization. Rutgers Optimality Archive 81Google Scholar
Yip, Moira (1995). Lexicon optimization in languages without alternations. Rutgers Optimality Archive 135Google Scholar
Yip, Moira (2000). Segmental unmarkedness versus input preservation in reduplication. In Linda, Lombardi (ed.) Segmental phonology in Optimality Theory. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 206–30Google Scholar
Yip, Moira (2001). The complex interaction of tone and prominence. In Minjoo, Kim and Uri, Strauss (eds.) Proceedings of NELS 31. Amherst, MA, GLSA, pp. 531–45Google Scholar
Yip, Moira (2002). Necessary but not sufficient: perceptual influences in loanword phonology. Talk presented at The Architecture of Grammar conference, Central Institute of English and Foreign Languages, Hyderabad, India
Yu, Alan (2004). Explaining final obstruent voicing in Lezgian: phonetics and history. Language 80. 1: 73–97CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zaicz, Gábor (1998). Mordva. In Daniel, Abondolo (ed.) The Uralic languages. London, Routledge, pp. 184–218Google Scholar
Zec, Draga (1988). Sonority constraints on prosodic structure. Doctoral dissertation, Stanford UniversityGoogle Scholar
Zec, Draga (1995). Sonority constraints on syllable structure. Phonology 12: 85–129CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zec, Draga (2000). Multiple sonority thresholds. In King, T. H. and Sekerina, I. A. (eds.) The 8th annual workshop on formal approaches to Slavic linguistics. Ann Arbor, Michigan Slavic Publications, pp. 382–413Google Scholar
Zoll, Cheryl (1996). Parsing below the segment in a constraint-based framework. Doctoral dissertation, University of California, BerkeleyGoogle Scholar
Zoll, Cheryl (1998). Positional asymmetries and licensing. Rutgers Optimality Archive 282Google Scholar
Zonneveld, R. M. van (1985). Word rhythm and the Janus syllable. In Harry, Hulst and Norval, Smith (eds.) The structure of phonological representations. Vol.2. Dordrecht, Foris, pp. 133–40Google Scholar
Abaglo, P. and Diana, Archangeli (1989). Language particular underspecification: Gengbe /e/ and Yoruba /i/. Linguistic Inquiry 20: 457–80Google Scholar
Abbott, Miriam (1991). Macushi. In Desmond, J. Derbyshire and Geoffrey, K. Pullum (eds.) Handbook of Amazonian languages. Vol.3. Berlin, Mouton de Gruyter, pp.23–160Google Scholar
Abondolo, Daniel (1998a). Hungarian. In Daniel, Abondolo (ed.) The Uralic languages. London, Routledge, pp.428–56Google Scholar
Abondolo, Daniel (1998b). Khanty. In Daniel, Abondolo (ed.) The Uralic languages. London, Routledge, pp. 358–86Google Scholar
Abu-Mansour, Mahasen (1996). Voice as a privative feature: assimilation in Arabic. In Mahasen, Abu-Mansour (ed.) Perspectives on Arabic linguistics VIII. Amsterdam, John Benjamins, pp. 201–31Google Scholar
Abu-Salim, I. M. (1982). Syllable structure and syllabification in Palestinian Arabic. Studies in the Linguistic Sciences 12. 1: 103–22Google Scholar
Adda-Decker, Martine, Philippe Boula de Mareüil, and Lori Lamel (1999). Pronunciation variants in French: Schwa and liaison. In Ohala, J. J., Hasegawa, Y., Ohala, M., Granville, D., and Bailey, A. C. (eds.) Proceedings of ICPhS-99, The ⅪVth International Congress of the Phonetic Sciences. San Francisco, pp. 2239–42Google Scholar
Adler, Allison (2004). Faithfulness and perception in loanword adaptation: a case study from Hawaiian. Handout from the 12th Manchester Phonology Meeting. http://www.geocities.com/alycat715/papers.html (14 February 2006)
Ahmad, Zaharani (1994). Vowel epenthesis in Malay. In Cecilia, Odé and Wim, Stokhof (eds.) Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Austronesian linguistics. Leiden, Leiden University, pp. 183–200Google Scholar
Ahn, Sang-Cheol (1998). An introduction to Korean phonology. Korea, HanshinGoogle Scholar
Aissen, Judith (1999). Markedness and subject choice in Optimality Theory. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 17. 4: 673–711CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Akinlabi, Akinbiyi (1993). Underspecification and the phonology of Yoruba /r/. Linguistic Inquiry 24. 1: 139–60Google Scholar
Alderete, John (1995). Winnebago accent and Dorsey's law. In Jill, Beckman, Laura Walsh, Dickey, and Suzanne, Urbanczyk (eds.) Papers in Optimality Theory (UMOP 18). Amherst, MA, GLSA, pp. 21–51Google Scholar
Alderete, John (1997). Dissimilation as local conjunction. In Kiyomi, Kusumoto (ed.) Proceedings of NELS 27. Amherst, MA, GLSA, pp. 17–32Google Scholar
Alderete, John, Jill, Beckman, Laura, Benua, Amalia, Gnanadesikan, John, McCarthy, and Suzanne, Urbanczyk (1999). Reduplication with fixed segmentism. Linguistic Inquiry 30: 327–64CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, Mike and Malcolm Ross (2002). Sudest. In John, Lynch, Malcolm, Ross and Terry, Crowley (eds.) The Oceanic languages. Richmond, Curzon Press, pp. 322–46Google Scholar
Anderson, Stephen R. (1974). The organization of phonology. New York, Academic PressGoogle Scholar
Andrews, Edna (1990). Markedness theory: the union of asymmetry and semiosis in language. Durham, NC, Duke University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anttila, Arto (2006). Variation and optionality. In Paul, Lacy (ed.) The Cambridge handbook of phonology. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, ch.22Google Scholar
Ao, Benjamin Xiaoping (1993). Phonetics and phonology of Nantong Chinese. Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State UniversityGoogle Scholar
Aoyama, Katsura (1999). Reanalyzing the Japanese coda nasal in Optimality Theory. In Shin Ja Hwang and Arle R. Lommel (eds.) LACUS Forum XXV. Fullerton, CA, Linguistic Association of Canada and the United States, pp. 105–17Google Scholar
Archangeli, Diana (1984). Underspecification in Yawelmani phonology and morphology. Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyGoogle Scholar
Archangeli, Diana (1988). Aspects of underspecification theory. Phonology 5: 183–208CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aronoff, Mark, Azhar Arsyad, Hasan Basri, and Ellen Broselow (1987). Tier configuration in Makassarese reduplication. In Anna, Bosch, Eric, Schiller and Barbara, Need (eds.) CLS 23: Parasession on autosegmental and metrical phonology. Vol.2. Chicago, Chicago Linguistic Society, pp. 1–15Google Scholar
Asher, R. E. (1985). Tamil. London, Croom HelmGoogle Scholar
Austin, Peter (1981). A grammar of Diyari, South Australia. Cambridge, Cambridge University PressGoogle Scholar
Avery, Peter and Keren Rice (1988). Underspecification theory and the coronal node. In Peter, Avery (ed.) Toronto Working Papers in Linguistics 9. Toronto, TWPL, pp. 101–21Google Scholar
Avery, Peter (1989a). Constraining underspecification. In Juli, Carter and Rose-Marie, Déchaine (eds.) Proceedings of NELS 19. Amherst, GLSA, pp. 1–15Google Scholar
Avery, Peter (1989b). Segmental structure and coronal underspecification. Phonology 6: 179–200CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bach, Emmon and Robert T. Harms (1972). How do languages get crazy rules? In Stockwell, R. P. and Macauley, R. K. S. (eds.) Linguistic change and generative theory. Bloomington, Indiana University Press, pp. 1–21Google Scholar
Baertsch, Karen (1998). Onset sonority distance constraints through local conjunction. In Catherine, M. Gruber, Derrick, Higgins, Kenneth, S. Olson, and Tamra, Wysocki (eds.) CLS 34–2: the panels. Chicago, Chicago Linguistic Society, pp. 1–15Google Scholar
Bakalla, Mohammed (1973). The morphology and phonology of Meccan Arabic. Doctoral dissertation, School of Oriental and African StudiesGoogle Scholar
Baković, Eric (1999a). Harmony, dominance, and control. Doctoral dissertation, Rutgers UniversityGoogle Scholar
Baković, Eric (1999b) Assimilation to the unmarked. In Jim, Alexander, Na-Rae, Han, and Michelle, Minnick Fox (eds.) University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics 6.1. http://www.ling.upenn.edu/papers/v6.1-contents.html (14 February 2006) [also Rutgers Optimality Archive 340]Google Scholar
Baković, Eric (1999c). Deletion, insertion, and symmetrical identity. Harvard Working Papers in Linguistics 7 [also Rutgers Optimality Archive 300]Google Scholar
Baković, Eric (2000). Nasal place neutralization in Spanish. Rutgers Optimality Archive 386Google Scholar
Barnes, Jonathan (2002). Positional neutralization: a phonologization approach to typological patterns. Doctoral dissertation, University of California, BerkeleyGoogle Scholar
Bates, Dawn, Thomas, Hess, and Vi, Hilbert (1994). Lushootseed dictionary. Seattle, University of Washington PressGoogle Scholar
Battistella, Edwin L. (1990). Markedness: the evaluative superstructure of language. Albany, NY, State University of New York PressGoogle Scholar
Battistella, Edwin L. (1996). The logic of markedness. New York, Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar
Bauer, Winifred (1993). Maori. New York, London, RoutledgeCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beaumont, Clive H. (1979). The Tigak language of New Ireland. Pacific Linguistics Series B, No. 58. Canberra, Department of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, The Australian National UniversityGoogle Scholar
Beckman, Jill N. (1998). Positional faithfulness. Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, AmherstGoogle Scholar
Beckman, Mary E., Koneyama, Yoneyama, and Jan, Edwards (2003). Language-specific and language-universal aspects of lingual obstruent productions in Japanese-acquiring children. Journal of the Phonetic Society of Japan 7: 18–28Google Scholar
Benua, Laura (1997). Transderivational identity: phonological relations between words. Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, AmherstGoogle Scholar
Bermúdez-Otero, Ricardo and Kersti Börjars (2005). Markedness in phonology and in syntax: the problem of grounding. In Patrick, Honeybone and Ricardo, Bermúdez-Otero (eds.) Linguistic knowledge: perspectives from phonology and from syntax. Special Issue of Lingua 116.5Google Scholar
Bernhardt, Barbara and Joseph Stemberger (2006). Phonological impairment in children and adults. In Paul, Lacy (ed.) The Cambridge handbook of phonology. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, ch.25Google Scholar
Bessell, Nicola J. (1998). Local and non-local consonant-vowel interaction in Interior Salish. Phonology 15: 1–40CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bethin, Christina Y. (1987). Syllable-final laxing in Ukrainian. Folia Slavica 8.2/3: 185–97Google Scholar
Bickerton, Derek (1984). The language bioprogram hypothesis. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7. 2: 173–221CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bittle, William (1963). Kiowa-Apache. In Harry, Hoijer (ed.) Studies in the Athapaskan languages. Berkeley, University of California Press, pp. 76–101Google Scholar
Blevins, Juliette (1995). The syllable in phonological theory. In John, Goldsmith (ed.) The handbook of phonological theory. Oxford, Blackwell, pp. 206–44Google Scholar
Blevins, Juliette (2001). Nhanda: an aboriginal language of Western Australia. Oceanic Linguistics Special Publication 30. Honolulu, University of Hawai'i PressGoogle Scholar
Blevins, Juliette (2003). Consonant epenthesis: natural and unnatural histories. Berkeley, University of CaliforniaGoogle Scholar
Blevins, Juliette (2004). Evolutionary phonology. Cambridge, Cambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bloomfield, Leonard (1924). Notes on the Fox language. International Journal of American Linguistics 3. 2: 219–32CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blust, Robert (1990). Three recurrent changes in Oceanic languages. In Davidson, J. H. C. S. (ed.) Pacific island languages: essays in honour of G. B. Milner. London, University of London and School of Oriental and African Studies, pp. 7–28Google Scholar
Bobaljik, Jonathan (1996). Assimilation in the Inuit languages and the place of the uvular nasal. International Journal of American Linguistics 62. 4: 323–50CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bobaljik, Jonathan (1997). Mostly predictable: cyclicity and the distribution of schwa in Itelmen. Rutgers Optimality Archive 208Google Scholar
Boersma, Paul (1998). Spreading in functional phonology. Proceedings of the International Congress of Phonetic Sciences 22: 1–20Google Scholar
Bogoras, Waldemar (1922). Chukchee. In Franz, Boas (ed.) Handbook of American Indian languages: Part 2. Washington, Government Printing Office, pp. 639–903Google Scholar
Booij, Geert (1977). Dutch morphology: a study of word formation in Generative Grammar. Dordrecht, ForisGoogle Scholar
Booij, Geert (1981). Generatieve fonologie van het Nederlands. Utrecht-Antwerpen, Het SpectrumGoogle Scholar
Booij, Geert (1995). The phonology of Dutch. Oxford, Clarendon PressGoogle Scholar
Boula de Mareüil, Philippe and Martine, Adda-Decker (2002). Studying pronunciation variants in French by using alignment techniques. Proceedings of the International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP), Denver, pp. 2273–6Google Scholar
Brainard, Sherri (1994). The phonology of Karao, the Phillipines. Canberra, Australian National UniversityGoogle Scholar
Brakel, Arthur (1984). Phonological markedness and distinctive features. Bloomington, Indiana University PressGoogle Scholar
Brakel, Arthur (1985). Reflections on the analysis of exceptions to the rule of Iberian Portuguese vowel reduction. Hispanic Linguistics 2. 1: 63–85Google Scholar
Breen, Gavan (1981). The Mayu languages of the Queensland Gulf Country. Canberra, Australian Institute of Aboriginal StudiesGoogle Scholar
Bright, William O. (1975). The Dravidian enunciative vowel. In H. F. Schiffman and C. M. Eastman (eds.) Dravidian phonological systems. Seattle, Institute for Comparative and Foreign Area Studies and University of Washington Press, pp. 11–46Google Scholar
Broadbent, Sylvia M. (1964). The Southern Sierra Miwok language. University of California Publications in Linguistics 38, Berkeley, University of CaliforniaGoogle Scholar
Broadbent, Sylvia M. and H. Pitkin (1964). A comparison of Miwok and Wintu. In William, O. Bright (ed.) Studies in Californian linguistics. Los Angeles, University of California Press, pp. 19–45Google Scholar
Broselow, Ellen (1976). The phonology of Egyptian Arabic. Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, AmherstGoogle Scholar
Broselow, Ellen (1982). On predicting the interaction of stress and epenthesis. Glossa 16:115–32Google Scholar
Broselow, Ellen (2001). Uh-oh: glottal stops and syllable organization in Sulawesi. In Elizabeth, Hume, Norval, Smith, and Jeroen, Weijer (eds.) Surface syllable structure and segment sequencing. Leiden, Holland Institute of Generative Linguistics, pp. 77–90 [also Rutgers Optimality Archive 433]Google Scholar
Browman, Catherine P. and Louis, Goldstein (1992). Articulatory phonology: an overview. Phonetica 49: 155–80CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, Herbert A. (1986). A comparative dictionary of Orokolo, Gulf of Papua. Pacific Linguistics C-84. Canberra, Australian National UniversityGoogle Scholar
Buch, Hasit (1979). An introduction to Gujarati language. Gandhinagar, Director of languages, Gujarat StateGoogle Scholar
Buckley, Eugene (1994). Theoretical aspects of Kashaya phonology and morphology. Stanford, CA, CSLI PublicationsGoogle Scholar
Butska, Luba (1997). Voicing alternations in Ukrainian. MA thesis, University of TorontoGoogle Scholar
Bybee, Joan L. (1988). The diachronic dimension in explanation. In John, A. Hawkins (ed.) Explaining language universals. Oxford, Basil Blackwell, pp. 350–79Google Scholar
Bybee, Joan L. (2001). Phonology and language use. Cambridge Studies in Linguistics. Cambridge, Cambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bye, Patrik (2001). Virtual phonology: multiple opacity and rule sandwiching in North Saami. Doctoral dissertation, University of Troms⊘Google Scholar
Cairns, Charles E. (1969). Markedness, neutralization and universal redundancy rules. Language 45: 863–85CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cairns, Charles E. and Mark, H. Feinstein (1982). Markedness and the theory of syllable structure. Linguistic Inquiry 13. 2: 193–226Google Scholar
Campbell, Lyle (1985). The Pipil language of El Salvador. Berlin, MoutonCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cardona, George (1965). Gujarati reference grammar. Philadelphia, University of Philadelphia PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casali, Roderic (1997). Vowel elision in hiatus contexts: which vowel goes? Language 73: 493–533CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Causley, Trisha (1997). Identity and featural correspondence: the Athapaskan case. In Kiyomi, Kusumoto (ed.) Proceedings of NELS 27. Amherst, MA, GLSA, pp. 93–105Google Scholar
Causley, Trisha (1999). Complexity and markedness in Optimality Theory. Doctoral dissertation, University of TorontoGoogle Scholar
Chan, Marjorie K. M. (1985). Fuzhou phonology: a nonlinear analysis of tone and stress. Doctoral dissertation, University of Washington, SeattleGoogle Scholar
Chen, Matthew (1973). Cross-dialectal comparison: a case study and some theoretical considerations. Journal of Chinese Linguistics 1. 1: 38–63Google Scholar
Cho, Young-mee (1988). Korean assimilation. In Hagit, Borer (ed.) Proceedings of WCCFL 7. Stanford, CA, Stanford Linguistics Assocation, pp. 41–52Google Scholar
Cho, Young-mee (1991). The universality of the coronal articulator. In Carole, Paradis and Jean-François, Prunet (eds.) The special status of coronals: internal and external evidence. Phonetics and Phonology 2. San Diego, Academic Press, pp. 159–79Google Scholar
Cho, Young-mee (1999). Parameters of consonantal assimilation. Lincom studies in theoretical linguistics 15. Munich, Lincom EuropaGoogle Scholar
Choi, John Dongwook (1992a). An acoustic study of Kabardian vowels. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 21: 1–12Google Scholar
Choi, John Dongwook (1992b). Phonetic underspecification and target-interpolation: an acoustic study of Marshallese vowel allophony. Doctoral dissertation, UCLAGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, Noam (1965). Aspects of the theory of syntax. Cambridge, MA, MIT PressGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, Noam (1968). Language and mind. San Diego, Harcourt Brace JovanovichCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, Noam (1981). Lectures on government and binding. Dordrecht, ForisGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, Noam (1986). Knowledge of language: its nature, origin and use. New York, PraegerGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, Noam and Morris, Halle (1968). The sound pattern of English. New York, Harper & RowGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, Noam and Howard, Lasnik (1977). Filters and control. Linguistic Inquiry 8: 425–504Google Scholar
Christdas, Prathima (1988). The phonology and morphology of Tamil. Doctoral dissertation, Cornell UniversityGoogle Scholar
Chung, Sandra (1983). Transderivational relationships in Chamorro phonology. Language 59: 35–66CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Churchward, Henry M. (1953). Tongan grammar. London, Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar
Churma, Donald G. and Yili Shi (1995). Glottal consonants and the ‘sonority’ hierarchy. In Marek, Przezdziecki and Lindsay, Whaley (eds.) ESCOL '95. Ithaca, NY, Cornell University, pp. 25–37Google Scholar
Clark, Ross (1976). Aspects of Proto-Polynesian syntax. Te Reo Monograph. Auckland, Linguistic Society of New ZealandGoogle Scholar
Clements, George N. (1976). Palatalization: linking or assimilation? In Mufwene, S. S., Walker, C. A., and Steever, S. B. (eds.) Papers from CLS 12. Chicago, Chicago Linguistic Society, pp. 96–109Google Scholar
Clements, George N. (1985). The geometry of phonological features. Phonology Yearbook 2: 225–52CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clements, George N. (1988). Towards a substantive theory of feature specifications. In Juliette, Blevins and Juli, Carter (eds.) Proceedings of NELS 18. Amherst, MA, GLSA, pp. 79–93Google Scholar
Clements, George N. (1990). The role of the sonority cycle in core syllabification. In John, Kingston and Mary, Beckman (eds.) Papers in laboratory phonology 1: between the grammar and physics of speech. New York, Cambridge University Press, pp. 283–333Google Scholar
Clements, George N. (1991). Vowel height assimilation in Bantu languages. Working papers of the Cornell phonetics laboratory 5: 37–76Google Scholar
Clements, George N. (1992). The sonority cycle and syllable organization. In Wolfgang, U. Dressler, HansLuschützky, C., Oskar, E. Pfeiffer, and John, R. Rennison (eds.) Phonologica 1988: proceedings of the 6th International Phonology Meeting. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 63–76Google Scholar
Clements, George N. (1999). Affricates as noncountoured stops. In Fujimura, O., Joseph, B. D., and Palek, B. (eds.) Proceedings of LP '98. Prague, Karolinum Press, pp. 271–99Google Scholar
Clements, George N. and Elizabeth Hume (1995). The internal organization of speech sounds. In John, Goldsmith (ed.) The handbook of phonological theory. Oxford, Blackwell, pp. 245–306Google Scholar
Coetzee, Andries (2002). Between-language frequency effects in phonological theory. Ms., University of Massachusetts, AmherstGoogle Scholar
Cohn, Abigail (1989). Stress in Indonesian and bracketing paradoxes. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 7: 167–216CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohn, Abigail and John, J. McCarthy (1994). Alignment and parallelism in Indonesian phonology. Rutgers Optimality Archive 25Google Scholar
Colina, Sonia (1997). Epenthesis and deletion in Galician: an Optimality-theoretic approach. In Fernando, Martinez-Gil and Alfonso, Morales-Front (eds.) Issues in the phonology and morphology of the major Iberian languages. Washington, Georgetown University Press, pp. 235–67Google Scholar
Coppenrath, Hubert and Paul, Prévost (1974). Grammaire approfondie de la langue tahitienne (ancienne et moderne). Papeete, Librairie PureroaGoogle Scholar
Côté, Marie-Hélène and Geoffrey, Morrison (2004). Experimental evidence and the nature of the schwa/zero alternation in French. Abstract from the 9th Conference on Laboratory Phonology. http://www.linguistics.uiuc.edu/labphon9/Abstract_PDF/cote.pdf (14 February 2006)
Creider, Chet A. (1986). Binary vs. n-ary features. Lingua 70. 1: 1–14CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crosswhite, Katherine M. (1998). Segmental vs. prosodic correspondence in Chamorro. Phonology 15. 3: 281–316CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crosswhite, Katherine M. (1999). Vowel reduction in Optimality Theory. Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Los AngelesGoogle Scholar
Crosswhite, Katherine M. (2000). Sonority-driven reduction. In Pawel, M. Nowak, Corey Yoquelet, and David Mortensen (eds.) Proceedings of the Berkeley Linguistic Society 26S. Berkeley, Berkeley Linguistics SocietyGoogle Scholar
Crosswhite, Katherine M. (2004). Vowel reduction. In Bruce, Hayes, Robert, Kirchner, and Donca, Steriade (eds.) Phonetically-based phonology. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, ch.7Google Scholar
Crowhurst, Megan (1994). Foot extrametricality and template mapping in Cupeño. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 12. 2: 177–201CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crowhurst, Megan (1996). An optimal alternative to conflation. Phonology 13: 409–24CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crowhurst, Megan and Mark, Hewitt (1997). Boolean operations and constraint interaction in Optimality Theory. Rutgers Optimality Archive 229Google Scholar
Crowley, Terry (1983). Uradhi. In Dixon, R. M. W. and Barry, J. Blake (eds.) Handbook of Australian languages. Vol.3. Amsterdam, John Benjamins, pp. 307–428CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Czaykowska-Higgins, Ewa (1988). The interaction of phonology and morphology in Polish. Doctoral dissertation, MITGoogle Scholar
Czaykowska-Higgins, Ewa (1992). Placelessness, markedness, and Polish nasals. Linguistic Inquiry 23. 1: 139–46Google Scholar
Davies, John (1981). Kobon. Linguistica Descriptiva Series vol.3. Amsterdam, North-HollandGoogle Scholar
Davis, Stuart (1998). Syllable contact in Optimality Theory. Journal of Korean Linguistics 23: 181–211Google Scholar
Boer, Bart (2001). The origins of vowel systems. Studies in the Evolution of Language. Oxford, Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar
Haas, Wim (1988). A formal theory of vowel coalescence: a case study of Ancient Greek. Publications in Language Sciences 30. Dordrecht, ForisCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lacy, Paul (1997). Prosodic categorisation. MA thesis, University of AucklandGoogle Scholar
Lacy, Paul (1998). A cooccurrence restriction in Maori. Te Reo: Journal of the Linguistic Society of New Zealand 40: 10–44Google Scholar
Lacy, Paul (1999). Tone and prominence. Rutgers Optimality Archive 333Google Scholar
Lacy, Paul (2000a). Heads, non-heads, and tone. Talk presented at the University of Tromso, Norway
de Lacy, Paul (2000b). Markedness in prominent positions. In Ora, Matushansky, Albert, Costa, Javier, Martin-Gonzalez, Lance, Nathan, and Adam, Szczegielniak (eds.) HUMIT 2000: MITWPL 40. Cambridge, MA, MIT Working Papers in Linguistics, pp. 53–66Google Scholar
Lacy, Paul (2002a). The formal expression of markedness. PhD dissertation, University of Massachusetts, AmherstGoogle Scholar
Lacy, Paul (2002b). Tone and stress in Optimality Theory. Phonology 19. 1: 1–32CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Lacy, Paul (2003). Maximal words and the maori passive. In John, McCarthy (ed.) Optimality Theory in phonology: a reader. Oxford, Blackwell, pp. 495–512Google Scholar
Lacy, Paul (2004). Markedness conflation in Optimality Theory. Phonology 21. 2: 1–55Google Scholar
de Lacy, Paul (2006). The interaction of sonority, tone, and prosodic structure. In Paul, Lacy (ed.) The Cambridge handbook of phonology. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, ch.12Google Scholar
Dell, François and Mohamed, Elmedlaoui (1985). Syllabic consonants and syllabification in Imdlawn Tashlhiyt Berber. Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 7: 105–30CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dell, François (1988). Syllabic consonants in Berber: some new evidence. Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 10: 1–17CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Demuth, Katherine (1995). Markedness and the development of prosodic structure. In Jill, Beckman (ed.) Proceedings of the North East Linguistic Society 25. Amherst, MA, GLSA, pp. 13–25Google Scholar
Denwood, Philip (1999). Tibetan. Amsterdam, John Benjamins Publishing CompanyCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Derbyshire, Desmond C. (1979). Hixkaryana. Lingua Descriptive Studies 1. Amsterdam, North-HollandGoogle Scholar
Derbyshire, Desmond C. (1985). Hixkaryana and linguistic typology. Arlington, TX, SIL and the University of Texas at ArlingtonGoogle Scholar
Dogil, Grzegorz (1992). Underspecification, natural classes, and the sonority hierarchy. In Jacek, Fisiak and Stanislaw, Puppel (eds.) Phonological investigations. Amsterdam, John Benjamins Publishing Company, pp. 329–412Google Scholar
Dogil, Grzegorz and Hans, C. Luschützky (1990). Notes on sonority and segmental strength. Rivista di Linguistica 2. 2: 2–54Google Scholar
Donaldson, Tamsin (1980). Ngiyambaa, the language of the Wangaaybuwa. Cambridge, Cambridge University PressGoogle Scholar
Dorais, Louis-Jacques (1986). Inuktitut surface phonology: a trans-dialectal survey. International Journal of American Linguistics 52. 1: 20–53CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dresher, B. Elan, (2003a). Contrast and asymmetry in inventories. In Anna Maria di, Sciullo (ed.) Asymmetry in grammar, volume 2: Morphology, phonology, acquisition. Amsterdam, John Benjamins, pp. 237–59Google Scholar
Dresher, B. Elan (2003b). Determining contrastiveness: a missing chapter in the history of phonology. In S., Burelle and Somesfalean, S. (eds.) Proceedings of the Canadian Linguistics Conference 2002. Ottawa, Cahiers Linguistiques d'Ottawa, pp. 82–93Google Scholar
Dresher, B. Elan (2003c). On the acquisition of phonological contrasts. In Jacqueline, Kampen and Sergio, Baauw (eds.) Proceedings of GALA 2003. Vo.1. Utrecht, LOT (Netherlands Graduate School of Linguistics), pp. 27–46Google Scholar
Dressler, Wolfgang U. (1989). Markedness and naturalness in phonology; the case of natural phonology. In Olga, Tomic (ed.) Markedness in synchrony and diachrony. New York, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 111–20Google Scholar
du Feu, Veronica (1996). Rapanui. London, RoutledgeGoogle Scholar
Dupoux, Emmanuel, Kakehi, K., Hirose, Y., Pallier, C., and Mehler, J. (1999). Epenthetic vowels in Japanese: a perceptual illusion? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 25. 6: 1568–78Google Scholar
Durand, Jacques (1990). Generative and non-linear phonology. London, LongmanGoogle Scholar
Ebert, Karen (1996). Kodava. Languages of the World/Materials 104. Nürnburg, Lincom EuropaGoogle Scholar
Edwards, Walter F. (1978). A preliminary sketch of Arekuna (Carib) phonology. International Journal of American Linguistics 44. 3: 223–7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Efimov, V. A. (1986). Iazyk Ormuri: v sinkhronnom i istoricheskom osveshchenii. Moscow, NaukaGoogle Scholar
Elbert, Samuel H. and Mary Kawena, Pukui (1979). Hawaiian grammar. Honolulu, University of Hawaii PressGoogle Scholar
Elfenbein, Josef (1997). Brahui phonology. In Alan, S. Kaye (ed.) Phonologies of Asia and Africa. Winona Lake, IN, Eisenbrauns, pp. 797–811Google Scholar
Fahs, Achim (1989). Grammatik des Pali. Leipzig, VEB Verlag Enzyklopädie LeipzigGoogle Scholar
Fallon, Paul (2002). The synchronic and diachronic phonology of ejectives. Outstanding Dissertations in Linguistics. London, RoutledgeGoogle Scholar
Farris, Ashley and Judith Gierut (2006). Gapped [s]-cluster inventories and faithfulness to the marked. In Dinnsen, D. A. and Gierut, J. A. (eds.) Optimality Theory, phonological acquisition, and disorders. Advances in Optimality Theory. London, Equinox, ch.12Google Scholar
Fast, P. W. (1953). Amuesha (Arawak) phonemes. International Journal of American Linguistics 19: 191–4CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferguson, Charles A. (1975). Sound patterns in language acquisition. In Daniel, P. Dato (ed.) Developmental psycholinguistics: theory and applications. Washington, DC, Georgetown University Press, pp. 1–16Google Scholar
Fikkert, Paula (1994). On the acquisition of prosodic structure. Doctoral dissertation, Holland Institute of Generative Linguistics (HIL), Leiden UniversityGoogle Scholar
Fitzgerald, Colleen M. (1997). O'odham rhythms. PhD dissertation, University of ArizonaGoogle Scholar
Flemming, Edward (1995). Auditory representations in phonology. PhD dissertation, UCLAGoogle Scholar
Foley, William A. (1986). The Papuan languages of New Guinea. Cambridge, Cambridge University PressGoogle Scholar
Fowler, George (1986). Morphological conditions on epenthetic vowels in Hungarian. In Anne, M. Farley, Peter, T. Farley, and Karl-Erik, McCullough (eds.) CLS 22/1. Chicago, Chicago Linguistic Society, pp. 1–13Google Scholar
Frachtenberg, Leo J. (1922). Siuslawan. In Franz, Boas (ed.) Handbooks of American Indian languages: Part 2. Washington, Government Printing Office, pp. 431–630Google Scholar
Frajzyngier, Zygmunt and Robert Koops (1989). Double epenthesis and N-Class in Chadic. In Zygmunt, Frajzyngier (ed.) Current progress in Chadic linguistics. Philadelphia, John Benjamins, pp. 233–50Google Scholar
Fukazawa, Haruka (1999). Theoretical implications of OCP effects on features in Optimality Theory. Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College ParkGoogle Scholar
Gadalla, Hassan A. H. (2000). Comparative morphology of Standard Egyptian Arabic. LINCOM Studies in Afro-Asiatic Languages 05. Munich, LINCOM EuropaGoogle Scholar
Gafos, Adamantios (1996). The articulatory basis of locality in phonology. Doctoral dissertation, Johns Hopkins UniversityGoogle Scholar
Gafos, Adamantios and Linda Lombardi (1999). Consonant transparency and vowel echo. In Pius, N. Tamanji, Masako, Hirotani, and Nancy, Hall (eds.) Proceedings of NELS 29, volume 2: papers from the poster sessions. Amherst, MA, GLSA, pp. 81–95Google Scholar
Gajendragadkar, S. N. (1974). Parsi-Gujarati: a descriptive analysis. Bombay, University of BombayGoogle Scholar
Geiger, Wilhelm (1943). Pali literature and language. New Delhi, Munshiram Manoharlal PublishersGoogle Scholar
Ghini, Mirco (2001). Asymmetries in the phonology of Miogliola. New York, Mouton de GruyterCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gick, Bryan (1999). A gesture-based account of intrusive consonants in English. Phonology 16. 1: 29–54CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gildea, Spike (1995). Comparative Cariban syllable reduction. International Journal of American Linguistics 62. 1: 62–102CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gnanadesikan, Amalia (1995). Markedness and faithfulness constraints in child phonology. Rutgers Optimality Archive 67Google Scholar
Gnanadesikan, Amalia (1997). Phonology with ternary scales. Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts at AmherstGoogle Scholar
Goldsmith, John (1976). Autosegmental phonology. Doctoral dissertation, MITGoogle Scholar
Goldsmith, John (1987). Tane and accent: getting the two together. Berkeley Linguistic Society 13: 88–104CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldsmith, John (1990). Autosegmental and metrical phonology. Oxford, BlackwellGoogle Scholar
Gordon, M. (1999). Stress and other weight-sensitive phenomena: phonetics, phonology, and typology. Doctoral dissertation, UCLAGoogle Scholar
Gouskova, Maria (2001). Falling sonority onsets, loanwords, and syllable contact. In Mary Andronis, Christopher Ball, Heidi Elston, and Sylvain Neuvel (eds.) CLS 37: The main session. Vol.1. Chicago, CLS, pp. 175–86Google Scholar
Gouskova, Maria (2003). Deriving economy: syncope in Optimality Theory. Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, AmherstGoogle Scholar
Green, T. (1993). The conspiracy of completeness. Rutgers Optimality Archive 8Google Scholar
Greenberg, Joseph (1966). Language universals, with special reference to feature hierarchies. Janua linguarum. Series minor 59. The Hague, MoutonGoogle Scholar
Greenberg, Joseph (1975). Research on language universals. Annual Review of Anthropology 4: 75–94CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenberg, Joseph (ed.) (1978). Universals of human language: volume 1: method and theory. Stanford, Stanford University PressGoogle Scholar
Groves, T., Groves, G. W., and Jacobs, R. (1985). Kiribatese: an outline description. Canberra, The Australian National UniversityGoogle Scholar
Guion, Susan G. (1996). Velar palatalization: coarticulation, perception, and sound change. Doctoral dissertation, University of Texas at AustinGoogle Scholar
Guitart, J. M. (1981). Sobre la posteriorizacion de las consonantes posnucleares e el Español antillano: reexamen teorico-descriptivo. Sexto Simposio de Dialectologia del Caribe Hispanico, Universidad Catolica Madre y Maestra, Santiago de los Caballeros, Republica DominacaGoogle Scholar
Haas, Mary R. (1946). A grammatical sketch of Tunica. In Harry, Hoijer, Leonard, Bloomfield, and Mary, R. Haas (eds.) Linguistic structures of native America. Viking Fund publications in Anthropology 6. New York, Johnson Reprint Corporation, pp. 337–66Google Scholar
Haas, Mary R. (1968). Notes on a Chipewyan dialect. International Journal of American Linguistics 34: 165–75CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haddad, Ghassan (1983). Epenthesis and sonority in Lebanese Arabic. Studies in the Linguistic Sciences 14: 57–88Google Scholar
Hagstrom, Paul (1997). Contextual metrical invisibility. Rutgers Optimality Archive 219Google Scholar
Hahn, Reinhard (1991). Modern Uyghur y∼r insertion: nativization through analogical extension. Acta Linguistica Hafniensia 24: 77–96CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hale, Kenneth (1973). Deep-surface canonical disparities in relation to analysis and change: an Australian example. In Sebeok, T. (ed.) Current trends in linguistics. Volume 9: diachronic, areal and typological linguistics. The Hague, Mouton, pp. 401–58Google Scholar
Hale, Kenneth (1976). Phonological developments in a Northern Paman language: Uradhi. In Peter, Sutton (ed.) Languages of Cape York. Canberra, Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, pp. 41–9Google Scholar
Hale, Kenneth and White, J. Eagle (1980). A preliminary metrical account of Winnebago accent. International Journal of American Linguistics 46: 117–32CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hale, Mark and Charles, Reiss (2000). ‘Substance abuse’ and ‘dysfunctionalism’ : current trends in phonology. Linguistic Inquiry 31. 1: 157–69CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, T. Alan, (1997). The phonology of coronals. Current Issues in Linguistic Theory. Amsterdam, John BenjaminsCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, T. Alan (2006). Segmental features. In Paul, Lacy (ed.) The Cambridge handbook of phonology. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, ch.13Google Scholar
Halle, Morris and Ken Stevens (1979). Some reflections on the theoretical bases of phonetics. In Lindblom, B. and Ohman, S. (eds.) Frontiers in speech communication research. London, Academic Press, pp. 335–49Google Scholar
Halle, Morris and Jean-Roger, Vergnaud (1980). Three-dimensional phonology. Journal of Linguistic Research 1: 83–105Google Scholar
Halpern, A. M. (1946). Yuma. In Harry, Hoijer, Leonard, Bloomfield, and Mary, R. Haas (eds.) Linguistic Structures of Native America. New York, Johnson Reprint Corporation, pp. 249–88Google Scholar
Hankamer, Jorge and Judith Aissen (1974). The sonority hierarchy. In Anthony, Bruck, Robert, A. Fox, and Michael, W. La Galy (eds.) Papers from the parasession on natural phonology. Chicago, Chicago Linguistic Society, pp. 131–45Google Scholar
Haraguchi, Shosuke (1984). Some tonal and segmental effects of vowel height in Japanese. In Mark, Aronoff and , R. T. Orhrle (eds.) Language sound structure: studies in phonology presented to Morris Halle by his teacher and students. Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, pp. 145–56Google Scholar
Hargus, Sharon (1988). The lexical phonology of Sentani. New York, Garland Publishing IncGoogle Scholar
Harris, John (1990). Segmental complexity and phonological government. Phonology 7: 255–300Google Scholar
Harris, John (1997). Licensing inheritance: an integrated theory of neutralisation. Phonology 14: 315–70CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haspelmath, Martin (1993). A grammar of Lezgian. Berlin, MoutonCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hausenberg, Anu-Reet (1998). Komi. In Daniel, Abondolo (ed.) The Uralic languages. London, Routledge, pp. 305–26Google Scholar
Hayes, Bruce (1986). Assimilation as spreading in Toba Batak. Linguistic Inquiry 17: 467–99Google Scholar
Hayes, Bruce (1995). Metrical stress theory: principles and case studies. Chicago, The University of Chicago PressGoogle Scholar
Hayes, Bruce, Robert, Kirchner, and Donca, Steriade (2004). Phonetically based phonology. Cambridge, Cambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayward, Dick (1986). The high central vowel in Amharic: new approaches to an old problem. In Joshua, A. Fishman, Andree, Tabouret-Keller, Michael, Clyne, Krishnamurti, B., and Mohamed, Abdulaziz (eds.) The Fergusonian impact: in honor of Charles A. Ferguson on the occasion of his 65th birthday. Volume 1: from phonology to society. Berlin, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 301–25Google Scholar
Hayward, R. J. and Hayward, K. (1989). ‘Guttural’: arguments for a new distinctive feature. Transactions of the Philological Society 87: 179–93CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heath, Jeffrey (1984). Functional grammar of Nunggubuyu. Canberra, Australian Institute of Aboriginal StudiesGoogle Scholar
Heffner, R.-M. S. (1950). General phonetics. Madison, University of Wisconsin PressGoogle Scholar
Helimski, Eugene (1998). Nganasan. In Daniel, Abondolo (ed.) The Uralic languages. London, Routledge, pp. 480–515Google Scholar
Hellberg, Staffan (1974). Graphonomic rules in phonology: studies in the expression component of Swedish. Gothenburg, Acta Universitatis GothoburgensisGoogle Scholar
Hendon, Rufus S. (1966). The phonology and morphology of Ulu Muar Malay (Kuala Pilah District, Negri Sembilan, Malaya). Yale University Publications in Anthropology 70. Peabody, MA, Yale UniversityGoogle Scholar
Hoff, B. J. (1968). The Carib language. The Hague, Martinus NijhoffCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holmer, Arthur (1996). A parametric grammar of Seediq. Lund, Lund University PressGoogle Scholar
Hong, Soonhyun (1997). Prosodic domains and ambisyllabicity in Optimality Theory. Doctoral dissertation, University of PennsylvaniaGoogle Scholar
Hopkins, Alice W. (1987). Vowel dominance in Mohawk. International Journal of American Linguistics 53. 4: 445–59CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howe, Darin and Douglas, Pulleyblank (2004). Harmonic scales as faithfulness. Canadian Journal of Linguistics 49: 1–49CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hsin, Tien-Hsin (2000). Aspects of Maga Rukai phonology. Doctoral dissertation, University of ConnecticutGoogle Scholar
Hualde, Jose Ignacio (1991). Basque phonology. London, RoutledgeCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hualde, Jose Ignacio (1992). Catalan. London, RoutledgeGoogle Scholar
Hualde, José and Inaki, Gaminde (1998). Vowel interaction in Basque: a nearly exhaustive catalogue. Studies in the Linguistic Sciences 28. 1: 41–77Google Scholar
Huang, Hui-chan J. (2004). Functional unity and context-sensitive changes: avoiding onset glides in Squliq Atayal. Handout from Manchester Phonology Meeting 12
Hulst, Harry (1984). Syllable structure and stress in Dutch.Dordrecht, Foris PublicationsGoogle Scholar
Hulst, Harry van der and Jeroen van der Weijer (1995). Vowel harmony. In John, Goldsmith (ed.) The handbook of phonological theory. Oxford, Blackwell, pp. 495–535Google Scholar
Hume, Elizabeth (1992). Front vowels, coronal consonants, and their interaction in nonlinear phonology. Doctoral dissertation, Cornell UniversityGoogle Scholar
Hume, Elizabeth (2003). Language specific markedness: the case of place of articulation. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 9. 2: 295–310Google Scholar
Hume, Elizabeth (2004). Deconstructing markedness: a predictability-based approach. http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/∼ehume/papers/Hume_markedness_BLS30.pdf
Hume, Elizabeth and Ilana, Bromberg (2005). Epenthesis and information context. Paper presented at MOT Workshop in Phonology, McGill University
Hume, Elizabeth and Georgios, Tserdanelis (1999). Nasal place assimilation in Sri Lanka Portuguese Creole: implications for markedness. Ms., University of Ohio
Hume, Elizabeth (2002). Labial unmarkedness in Sri Lankan Portuguese Creole. Phonology 19: 441–58CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hyman, Larry (1982). The representation of length in Gokana. In Daniel, P. Flickinger, Marlys, Macken, and Nancy, Wiegand (eds.) Proceedings of the first West Coast Conference on formal linguistics. Stanford, Stanford University, pp. 198–206Google Scholar
Hyman, Larry (1985). A theory of phonological weight. Dordrecht, ForisGoogle Scholar
Hyman, Larry (2001). On the limits of phonetic determinism in phonology: *NC̥ revisited. In Elizabeth, Hume and Keith, Johnson (eds.) The role of speech pereception phenomena in phonology. San Diego, Academic Press, pp. 141–85Google Scholar
Inkelas, Sharon and Young-mee, Cho (1993). Inalterability as prespecification. Language 69: 529–74CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ito, Junko (1986). Syllable theory in prosodic phonology. Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, AmherstGoogle Scholar
Ito, Junko and Armin, Mester (1992). Weak layering and word binarity. Report LRC-92-09, Linguistic Research Center, University of California, Santa Cruz
Ito, Junko and Armin Mester (1995). The core-periphery structure of the lexicon and constraints on reranking. In Jill, Beckman, Suzanne, Urbanczyk, and Laura Walsh, Dickey (eds.) Papers in Optimality Theory. University of Massachusetts Occasional Papers 18. Amherst, GLSA, pp. 181–210Google Scholar
Ito, Junko (1998). The phonological lexicon. In Natsuko, Tsujimuru (ed.) A handbook of Japanese linguistics. Oxford, BlackwellGoogle Scholar
Ito, Junko (2003). Systemic markedness and faithfulness. Rutgers Optimality Archive 710Google Scholar
Iverson, Gregory (1989). On the category supralaryngeal. Phonology 6: 285–303CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iverson, Gregory and Kee-Ho Kim (1987). Underspecification and hierarchical feature representation in Korean consonantal phonology. In Anna, Bosch, Barbara, Need, and Eric, Schiller (eds.) Proceedings of CLS 23. Chicago, Chicago Linguistic Society, pp. 182–98Google Scholar
Jackson, Walter S. (1972). Wayana grammar. In Joseph, Grimes (ed.) Languages of the Guianas. Norman, SIL of the University of Oklahoma, pp. 47–77Google Scholar
Jakobson, Roman (1941). Kindersprache, Aphasie, und allgemeine Lautgesetze. Uppsala, Almqvist & Wiksell [tr. Child Language, Aphasia and Phonological Universals. The Hague, Mouton]Google Scholar
Jakobson, Roman (1949a). The phonemic and grammatical aspects of language in their interrelations. In Roman, Jakobson (ed.) Selected Writings II. The Hague, Mouton, pp. 103–14Google Scholar
Jakobson, Roman (1949b). The sound laws of child language. In Roman, Jakobson (ed.) Studies on Child Language and Aphasia. The Hague, MoutonGoogle Scholar
Jakobson, Roman (1978). Six lectures on sound and meaning. Cambridge, MA, MIT PressGoogle Scholar
Jakobson, Roman, Gunnar, Fant, and Morris, Halle (1952). Preliminaries to speech analysis. Cambridge, MA, MIT PressGoogle Scholar
Jakobson, Roman and Morris, Halle (1956). Fundamentals of language. The Hague, MoutonGoogle Scholar
Jun, Jongho (1995). Perceptual and articulatory factors in place assimilation: an Optimality Theoretic approach. Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Los AngelesGoogle Scholar
Ka, Omar (1985). Syllable structure and suffixation in Wolof. Studies in the Linguistic Sciences 15. 1: 61–90Google Scholar
Kager, René (1989). A metrical theory of stress and destressing in English and Dutch. Dordrecht, ForisGoogle Scholar
Kager, René (1997). Rhythmic vowel deletion in Optimality Theory. In Iggy, Roca (ed.) Derivations and constraints in phonology. Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp. 463–99Google Scholar
Kager, René (1999). Optimality Theory. Cambridge, Cambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kager, René, Visch, E. and Zonneveld, R. M. (1987). Nederlandse woordklemtoon: hoofdklemtoon, bijklemtoon, reductie en voeten. GLOT 10: 197–226Google Scholar
Kamprath, Christine (1987). Suprasegmental structures in a Raeto-Romansh dialect: a case study of metrical and lexical phonology. Doctoral dissertation, University of Texas at AustinGoogle Scholar
Kang, Yoonjung (2003). Perceptual similarity in loanword adaptation: English postvocalic word-final stops in Korean. Phonology 20: 219–73CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kangasmaa-Minn, Eeva (1998). Mari. In Daniel, Abondolo (ed.) The Uralic languages. London, Routledge, pp. 219–48Google Scholar
Kari, James (1976). Navajo verb prefix phonology. New York, Garland PublishingGoogle Scholar
Karvonen, Daniel and Adam, Sherman (1997). Sympathy, opacity, and u-umlaut in Icelandic. Phonology at Santa Cruz 5: 37–48Google Scholar
Kaye, Alan S., Jean, Lowenstamm, and Jean-Roger, Vergnaud (1989). Konstituentenstruktur und Rektion in der Phonologie. Linguistiche Berichte 2: 31–75Google Scholar
Kaye, Jonathan, Jean, Lowenstamm, and Jean-Roger, Vergnaud (1985). The internal structure of phonological elements: a theory of charm and government. Phonology Yearbook 2: 305–29CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kean, M.-L. (1975). The theory of markedness in Generative Grammar. Doctoral dissertation, MITGoogle Scholar
Keating, Patricia (1988). Palatals and complex segments: X-ray evidence. UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics 69: 77–91Google Scholar
Keer, Edward (1996). Floating moras and epenthesis in Sinhala. Ms., Rutgers University
Keer, Edward (1999). Geminates, the OCP and the nature of CON. Doctoral dissertation, Rutgers UniversityGoogle Scholar
Kenstowicz, Michael (1994). Syllabification in Chukchee: a constraint-based analysis. Rutgers Optimality Archive 30Google Scholar
Kenstowicz, Michael (1996). Quality-sensitive stress. Rivista di Linguistica 9:157–87 [also Rutgers Optimality Archive 33]Google Scholar
Kenstowicz, Michael and Charles, Kisseberth (1971). Unmarked bleeding orders. Studies in the Linguistic Sciences 1. 1: 8–28Google Scholar
Ketner, Katherine (2003). Homogeneity of process, heterogeneity of target in Czech epenthesis. MA Thesis, University of CambridgeGoogle Scholar
Key, Mary Ritchie (1969). Comparative Tacana phonology, with Cavineña phonology and notes on Pano Tacanan relationship. The Hague, MoutonGoogle Scholar
Kim, C.-W. (1973). Gravity in Korean phonology. Language Research 9: 274–81Google Scholar
Kimball, Geoffrey D. (1991). Koasati grammar. Lincoln, University of Nebraska PressGoogle Scholar
Kim-Renaud, Young-Key (1974). Korean consonantal phonology. Doctoral dissertation, University of Hawaii, HonoluluGoogle Scholar
Kim-Renaud, Young-Key (1986). Studies in Korean linguistics. Seoul, HanshinGoogle Scholar
Kingston, John (1990). Articulatory binding. In John, Kingston and Mary, Beckman (eds.) Papers in laboratory phonology I. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 406–34Google Scholar
Kingston, John and D. Solnit (1989). The inadequacy of underspecification. In Juli, Carter and Rose-Marie, Déchaine (eds.) Proceedings of NELS 19. Amherst, GLSA Publications, pp. 264–78Google Scholar
Kinkade, M. D. (1964). Phonology and morphology of Upper Chehalis: I. International Journal of American Linguistics 29. 3: 181–95CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kiparsky, Paul (1979). Metrical structure assignment is cyclic. Linguistic Inquiry 10: 421–41Google Scholar
Kiparsky, Paul (1982). Lexical phonology and morphology. In I. S., Yang (ed.) Linguistics in the morning calm. Vol.2. Seoul, Hanshin, pp. 3–91Google Scholar
Kiparsky, Paul (1984). On the lexical phonology of Icelandic. In Claes-Christian, Elert, Irène, Johansson, and Eva, Stangert (eds.) Nordic prosody III. Umeå, University of Umeå, pp. 135–64Google Scholar
Kiparsky, Paul (1985). Some consequences of lexical phonology. Phonology 2: 85–138CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kiparsky, Paul (1988). Phonological change. In Frederick, J. Newmeyer (ed.) Linguistics: the Cambridge Survey. volume 1: theoretical foundations. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 363–415Google Scholar
Kiparsky, Paul (1994). Remarks on markedness. Handout from TREND 2
Kiparsky, Paul (1995). The phonological basis of sound change. In John, Goldsmith (ed.) The handbook of phonological theory. Cambridge, MA, Blackwells, pp. 640–70Google Scholar
Kiparsky, Paul (2004). Universals constrain change; change results in typological generalizations. Ms., Stanford University
Kirchner, Robert (1996). Synchronic chain shifts in Optimality Theory. Linguistic Inquiry 27: 341–51Google Scholar
Kirchner, Robert Martin (1998). An effort-based approach to consonant lenition. Doctoral dissertation, University of California at Los AngelesGoogle Scholar
Kitto, Catherine and Paul de Lacy (1999). Correspondence and epenthetic quality. In Carolyn, Smallwood and Catherine, Kitto (eds.) Proceedings of AFLA VI: The sixth meeting of the Austronesian Formal Linguistics Association. Toronto, University of Toronto, pp. 181–200Google Scholar
Koehn, Edward and Sally Koehn (1986). Apalai. In Desmond, C. Derbyshire and Geoffrey, K. Pullum (eds.) Handbook of Amazonian languages. Vol.1. New York, Mouton, pp. 33–127Google Scholar
Koshal, Sanyukta (1979). Ladakhi grammar. Delhi, Motilal BanarsidassGoogle Scholar
Kossman, Maarten G. and Harry J. Stroomer (1997). Berber phonology. In Alan, S. Kaye (ed.) Phonologies of Asia and Africa (including the Caucasus). Vol.1. Winona Lake, IN, Eisenbrauns, pp. 461–76Google Scholar
Krause, Scott R. (1980). Topics in Chukchee phonology and morphology. Doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois, Champaign-UrbanaGoogle Scholar
Krivitskii, A. A. and Podluzhnyi, A. I. (1994). Uchebnik belorusskogo iazyka dlia samoobrazovaniia. Minsk, Vysheishaia shkolaGoogle Scholar
Kroeker, Barbara J. (1972). Morphophonemics of Nambiquara. Anthropological Linguistics 14: 19–22Google Scholar
Krupa, Viktor (1966). Morpheme and word in Maori. The Hague, MoutonGoogle Scholar
Ladefoged, Peter (1975). A course in phonetics. New York, Harcourt, Brace, JovanovichGoogle Scholar
Laidig, Carol J. (1992). Segments, syllables, and stress in Larike. In Donald, A. Burquest and Wyn, D. Laidig (eds.) Phonological studies in four languages of Maluku. Dallas, Summer Institute of Linguistics and University of Texas, pp. 67–126Google Scholar
Lambert, Wendy (1999). Epenthesis, metathesis, and vowel-glide alternation: prosodic reflexes in Mabalay Atayal. Doctoral dissertation, National Tsing Hua UniversityGoogle Scholar
Lamontagne, Greg and Keren Rice (1995). A correspondence account of coalescence. In Jill, Beckman, Suzanne, Urbanczyk, and Laura Walsh, Dickey (eds.) University of Massachusetts occasional papers in linguistics 18. Amherst, MA, GLSA, pp. 211–24Google Scholar
Lapoliwa, Hans (1981). A generative approach to the phonology of Bahasa Indonesia. Pacific Linguistics Series D-34 (Materials in Languages of Indonesia, No.3). Canberra, Australia National UniversityGoogle Scholar
Lasnik, Howard (1990). Learnability, restrictiveness, and the Evaluation Metric. In Howard, Lasnik (ed.) Essays on restrictiveness and learnability. Dordrecht, Kluwer, pp. 146–62Google Scholar
Lass, Roger (1976). English phonology and phonological theory. Cambridge, Cambridge University PressGoogle Scholar
Lavoie, Lisa (2001). Consonant strength: phonological patterns and phonetic manifestations. Outstanding dissertations in linguistics. New York, Garland Publishing IncGoogle Scholar
Lawton, Ralph (1993). Topics in the description of Kiriwina. Pacific Linguistics D-84. Canberra, Australian National UniversityGoogle Scholar
Laycock, D. C. (1965). The Ndu language family. Pacific Linguistics Series C No.1. Canberra, Linguistic Circle of CanberraGoogle Scholar
Leben, Will (1973). Suprasegmental phonology. Doctoral dissertation, MITGoogle Scholar
Lee, Duck-Young (1998). Korean phonology: a principle-based approach. LINCOM Studies in Asian Linguistics 12. Munich, LINCOM EuropaGoogle Scholar
Lefebvre, Claire (2000). What do Creole studies have to offer mainstream linguistics? Journal of Pidgin and Creole languages 15. 1: 127–53CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levin, Juliette (1985). A metrical theory of syllabicity. Doctoral dissertation, MITGoogle Scholar
Li, Fang-Kuei (1946). Chipewyan. In Harry, Hoijer, Leonard, Bloomfield, and Mary, R. Haas (eds.) Linguistic structures of Native America. Viking Fund publications in Anthropology 6. New York, Johnson Reprint Corporation, pp. 398–423Google Scholar
Li, Fang-Kuei (1977). Morphophonemic alternations in Formosan languages. Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica 48. 3: 375–413Google Scholar
Li, Fang-Kuei (1985). A secret language in Taiwanese. Journal of Chinese Linguistics 13. 1: 91–121Google Scholar
Li, Fang-Kuei (1991). Vowel deletion and vowel assimilation in Sediq. In Robert, Blust (ed.) Currents in Pacific linguistics: papers on Austronesian languages and ethnolinguistics in honour of George W. Grace. Pacific Linguistics C-117. Canberra, University of Canberra Press, pp. 163–69Google Scholar
Liberman, Mark (1975). The intonational system of English. Doctoral dissertation, MITGoogle Scholar
Liberman, Mark and Alan, Prince (1977). On stress and linguistic rhythm. Linguistic Inquiry 8: 249–336Google Scholar
Lichtenberk, Frantisek (1983). A grammar of Manam. Honolulu, University of Hawaii PressGoogle Scholar
Liljencrants, J. and Lindblom, B. (1972). Numerical simulation of vowel quality systems: the role of perceptual contrast. Language 48: 839–62CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindau, Mona (1978). Vowel features. Language 54: 541–63CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindblom, B. (1990). Explaining phonetic variation: a sketch of the H & H theory. In Hardcastle, W. J. and Marchal, A. (eds.) Speech production and speech modelling. Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 403–39CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindkoog, John N. and Ruth M. Brend (1962). Cayapa phonemics. In Benjamin, F. Elson (ed.) Studies in Ecuadorian Indian languages. Norman, Summer Institute of Linguistics of the University of Oklahoma, pp. 31–44Google Scholar
Lloret, Maria-Rosa (1992). The representation of glottals in Oromo. Phonology 12. 2: 257–80CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lombardi, Linda (1991). Laryngeal features and laryngeal neutralization. Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, AmherstGoogle Scholar
Lombardi, Linda (1995). Why place and voice are different: constraint-specific alternations and Optimality Theory. Rutgers Optimality Archive 105Google Scholar
Lombardi, Linda (1996). Restrictions on direction of voicing assimilation: an Optimality Theory account. University of Maryland Working Papers in Linguistics 4:84–102 [also Rutgers Optimality Archive 247]Google Scholar
Lombardi, Linda (1998). Coronal epenthesis and unmarkedness. University of Maryland Working Papers in Linguistics 5: 156–75Google Scholar
Lombardi, Linda (1999). Positional faithfulness and voicing assimilation in Optimality Theory. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 17: 267–302CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lombardi, Linda (2002). Coronal epenthesis and markedness. Phonology 19. 2: 219–51CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lombardi, Linda (2003). Markedness and the typology of epenthetic vowels. Linguistics and Phonetics 2002 proceedings: Prosody and phonetics [also Rutgers Optimality Archive 578]Google Scholar
Lubowicz, Ania (2002). Contrast preservation in phonological mappings. PhD dissertation, University of Massachusetts, AmherstGoogle Scholar
Lupas, Liana (1972). Phonologie du grec attique. The Hague, MoutonCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lutta, M. (1923). Der Dialekt von Bergün und seine Stellung innerhalb der rätoromanischern Mundarten Graubündens. Supplement to Zeitschrift für Romanische Philologie 71. Halle, NiemeyerGoogle Scholar
Lydall, Jean (1976). Hamer. In Marvin Lionel, Bender (ed.) The non-semitic languages of Ethiopia. East Lansing, MI, Michigan State University, pp. 393–438Google Scholar
Lynch, John (2000). Anejom̃ dictionary. Pacific Linguistics. Canberra, Australian National UniversityGoogle Scholar
Lynch, John, Malcolm, Ross, and Terry, Crowley (eds.) (2002). The Oceanic languages. Richmond, Curzon PressGoogle Scholar
MacKay, Carolyn J. (1994). A sketch of Misantla Totonac phonology. International Journal of American Linguistics 60. 4: 369–419CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacKenzie, Sara and B. Elan Dresher (2004). Contrast and phonological activity in the Nez Perce vowel system. In Pawel, M. Nowak, Corey, Yoquele, and David, Mortensen (eds.) Proceedings of BLS 29. Berkeley, Berkeley Linguistics Society, pp. 283–94Google Scholar
Maddieson, Ian (1992). UCLA phonological segment inventory database. Los Angeles, UCLAGoogle Scholar
Marlett, Stephen Alan (1981). The structure of Seri. Doctoral dissertation, University of San DiegoGoogle Scholar
Martens, M. and Tuominen, S. (1977). A tentative phonemic statement of Yil in West Sepik Province. Workpapers in Papua New Guinea Linguistics 19: 29–48Google Scholar
Martin, W. (1968). De verdoffing van gedekte en ongedekte e in niet-hoofdtonige postitie bij romaanse leenwoorden in het Nederlands. De Nieuw Taalgids 61: 162–81Google Scholar
Martinet, André (1964). Elements of general linguistics. Chicago, University of Chicago PressGoogle Scholar
Martinez-Gil, Fernando (1997). Word-final epenthesis in Galician. In Fernando Martinez-Gil and Alfonso Morales-Front (eds.) Issues in the phonology and morphology of the major Iberian languages. Washington, DC, Georgetown University Press, pp. 269–340Google Scholar
Mascaró, Joan (1976). Catalan phonology and the phonological cycle. Doctoral dissertation, MITGoogle Scholar
Mascaró, Joan (1986). Syllable-final processes in Catalan. In Carol Neidle and Rafael Núñez-Cedeño (eds.) Studies in Romance languages. Dordrecht, Foris, pp. 163–80Google Scholar
Mascaró, Joan (1996). External allomorphy as emergence of the unmarked. In Jacques Durand and Bernard Laks (eds.) Current trends in phonology: models and methods. Salford, European Studies Research Institute, pp. 473–83Google Scholar
McCarthy, John (1979). Formal problems in Semitic phonology and morphology. Doctoral dissertation, MITGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, John (1980). A note on the accentuation of Damascene Arabic. Studies in the Linguistic Sciences 10: 77–98Google Scholar
McCarthy, John (1988). Feature geometry and dependency: a review. Phonetica 43: 84–108CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, John (1989). Linear order in phonological representation. Linguistic Inquiry 20: 71–99Google Scholar
McCarthy, John (1991). Synchronic rule inversion. In L. Sulton, C. Johnson, and R. Shields (eds.), Proceedings of the Seventeenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. Berkeley, CA, Berkeley Linguistics Society, pp. 192–207Google Scholar
McCarthy, John (1993). A case of surface constraint violation. Canadian Journal of Linguistics 38: 127–53CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, John (1994). The phonetics and phonology of Semitic pharyngeals. In Patricia Keating (ed.) Phonological structure and phonetic form: papers in laboratory phonology III. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 191–233Google Scholar
McCarthy, John (1995). Extensions of faithfulness: Rotuman revisited.Amherst, University of MassachusettsGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, John (1999). Sympathy and phonological opacity. Phonology 16: 331–99CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, John (2000). The prosody of phase in Rotuman. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 18: 147–97CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, John (2001a). English engma. Talk Presented at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst
McCarthy, John (2001b). Optimality Theory: a thematic guide. Cambridge, Cambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, John (2002). Comparative markedness. Rutgers Optimality Archive 489Google Scholar
McCarthy, John (2003a). The length of stem-final vowels in colloquial Arabic. Rutgers Optimality Archive 616Google Scholar
McCarthy, John (2003b). Optimality Theory constraints are categorical. Phonology 20. 1: 75–138CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, John (2003c). On targeted constraints and cluster simplification. Phonology 19: 273–92CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, John (2006). Derivation. In Paul, Lacy (ed.) The Cambridge handbook of phonology. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, ch.5Google Scholar
McCarthy, John and Alan, Prince (1986). Prosodic morphology. Rutgers Technical Report TR-32. New Brunswick, Rutgers University Center for Cognitive ScienceGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, John (1993a). Generalized alignment. In Geert, Booij and Jaap, Marle (eds.) Yearbook of morphology. Dordrecht, Kluwer, pp. 79–153Google Scholar
McCarthy, John (1993b). Prosodic morphology volume 1: constraint interaction and satisfaction. Rutgers Technical Report TR-3. New Brunswick, Rutgers University Center for Cognitive ScienceGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, John (1994). The emergence of the unmarked: Optimality in prosodic morphology. In Mercè, Gonzàlez (ed.) Proceedings of NELS 24. Amherst, MA, GLSA, pp. 333–79Google Scholar
McCarthy, John (1995). Faithfulness and reduplicative identity. In Jill, Beckman, Suzanne, Urbanczyk, and Laura Walsh, Dickey (eds.) University of Massachusetts occasional papers in linguistics UMOP 18. Amherst, MA, GLSA, pp. 249–384Google Scholar
McCarthy, John and A. Taub (1992). Review of Paradis, C. and Prunet, J.-F. (eds.) The special status of coronals: internal and external evidence. Phonology 9: 363–70Google Scholar
McCawley, James D. (1968). The phonological component of a grammar of Japanese. The Hague, MoutonGoogle Scholar
McGuckin, Catherine (2002). Gapapaiwa. In John, Lynch, Malcolm, Ross, and Terry, Crowley (eds.) The Oceanic languages. Richmond, Curzon PressGoogle Scholar
McMahon, April (2000). Chance, change and optimality. Oxford, Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar
Meredith, Scott (1990). Issues in the phonology of prominence. Doctoral dissertation, MITGoogle Scholar
Mester, Armin and Junko Ito (1989). Feature predictability and underspecification: palatal prosody in Japanese mimetics. Language 65. 2: 258–93CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Metcalfe, C. D. (1975). Bardi verb morphology (northwestern Australia). Pacific Linguistics Series B No.30. Canberra, Australia National UniversityGoogle Scholar
Michelson, Karin (1988). A comparative study of Lake Iroquoian accent. Dordrecht, KluwerCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, G. A. and Nicely, P. E. (1955). Analysis of perceptual confusions among some English consonants. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 27: 338–52CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milliken, Stuart R. (1988). Protosyllables: a theory of underlying syllable structure in nonlinear phonology. Doctoral dissertation, Cornell UniversityGoogle Scholar
Mistry, P. J. (1997). Gujarati phonology. In Alan S. Kaye (ed.) Phonologies of Asia and Africa. Vol.2. Winona Lake, IN, Eisenbrauns, pp. 653–73Google Scholar
Mitchell, T. F. (1956). An introduction to Egyptian Colloquial Arabic. London, Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar
Mithun, Marianne (1976). A grammar of Tuscarora. New York, Garland PublicationsGoogle Scholar
Mithun, M. and Basri, H. (1986). The phonology of Selayarese. Oceanic Linguistics 25: 210–54CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miyakoda, Haruko (2005). The prosodic structure in Japanese acquisition. In Marina, Tzakosta, Claartje, Levelt, and Jeroen, Weijer (eds.) Developmental paths in phonological acquisition. Leiden Papers in Linguistics 2.1. Leiden, the Leiden University Centre for Linguistics (LUCL). http://www.ulcl.leidenuniv.nlGoogle Scholar
Mohanan, K. P. (1986). Vowel epenthesis in Malayalam: schwa or U? Indian Linguistics 47: 97–101Google Scholar
Mohanan, K. P. (1991). On the bases of Radical Underspecification. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 9: 285–326CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mohanan, K. P. (1993). Fields of attraction in phonology. In John, Goldsmith (ed.) The last phonological rule: reflections on constraints and derivations. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, pp. 61–116Google Scholar
Montler, Timothy R. and Heather, K. Hardy (1991). The phonology of negation in Alabama. International Journal of American Linguistics 57. 1: 1–23CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morelli, Frida (1999). The phonotactics and phonology of obstruent clusters in Optimality Theory. Doctoral dissertation, University of MarylandGoogle Scholar
Morén, Bruce (1999). Distinctiveness, coercion, and sonority: a unified theory of weight. Doctoral dissertation, University of MarylandGoogle Scholar
Morén, Bruce (2003). The parallel structures model of feature geometry. Working papers of the Cornell phonetics laboratory. Cornell, NY, Cornell University, ch.5Google Scholar
Moreton, Elliott (1999). Non-computable functions in Optimality Theory. Amherst, MA, Rutgers Optimality Archive 364Google Scholar
Morphy, Frances (1983). Djapu, a Yolngu dialect. In Dixon, R. M. W. and Barry, J. Blake (eds.) Handbook of Australian languages. Vol.3. Amsterdam, John Benjamins, pp. 1–187CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, Richard E. (2000). Constraint interaction in Spanish /s/-aspiration: three peninsular varieties. In Héctor, Campos, Elena, Herberger, Alfonso, Morales-Front, and Thomas, J. Walsh (eds.) Proceedings of the third Hispanic linguistics symposium. Somerville, MA, Cascadilla PressGoogle Scholar
Mosel, Ulrike and Even, Hovdhaugen (1992). Samoan reference grammar. London, Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar
Munro, Pamela and Peter John, Benson (1973). Reduplication and rule ordering in Luiseño. International Journal of American Linguistics 39: 15–21CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Munro, Pamela and Charles, Ulrich (1985). Nasals and nasalization in Western Muskogean. Ms., University of New Mexico and UCLA
Murray, Robert W. (1982). Consonant cluster developments in Pali. Folia Linguistica Historia 111. 2: 163–84Google Scholar
Murray, Sarah (2005). Devoicing and voicing assimilation without AGREE. MS, Rutgers University
Nair, Usha (1979). Gujarati Phonetic Reader. Mysore, Central Institute of Indian languagesGoogle Scholar
Nakano, Kazuo (1969). A phonetic basis for the syllabic nasal in Japanese. Onsei no kenkyu [Studies of Phonetics] 14: 215–28Google Scholar
Newmeyer, Frederick (1998). Language form and language function. Cambridge, MA, MIT PressGoogle Scholar
Newmeyer, Frederick J. (2003). Grammar is grammar and usage is usage. Language 79. 4: 682–707CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicolaidis, Katerina, Jan Edwards, Mary Beckman, and Georgios Tserdanelis (2004). Acquisition of lingual obstruents in Greek. In Georgia, Katsimali, Alexis, Kalokarinos, Elena, Anagnostopoulou, and Ioanna, Kappa (eds.) Proceedings of the 6th International Conference of Greek Linguistics, Rethymno, Crete, September 18–21, 2003.http://www.philology.noc.gr/conferences/6thICGL/ebook/default.htmGoogle Scholar
Nivens, R. (1992). A lexical phonology of West Tarangan. In Donald, A. Burquest and Carol, J. Laidig (eds.) Phonological studies in four languages of Maluku. Dallas, SIL and University of Texas at Arlington Publications in Linguistics, pp. 261–80Google Scholar
Odden, David (1987). Dissimilation as deletion in Chukchi. In Ann, Miller and Joyce, Powers (eds.) Proceedings of the Eastern States Conference on Linguistics. Cornell, Cornell University (http://ling.cornell.edu/clcpubs/ESCOL.html), pp. 235–46Google Scholar
Odden, David (1995). African tone languages. In John, Goldsmith (ed.) The handbook of phonological theory. Oxford, Blackwell, pp. 444–75Google Scholar
Ohala, John J. (1974). Phonetic explanation in phonology. In Anthony, Bruck, Robert, A. Fox, and Michael, W. La Galy (eds.) Papers from the parasession on natural phonology. Chicago, Chicago Linguistic Society, pp. 251–74Google Scholar
Ohala, John J. (1983). The origin of sound patterns in vocal tract constraints. In Peter, F. MacNeilage (ed.) The production of speech. New York, Springer, pp. 189–216Google Scholar
Ohala, John J. (1990). Alternatives to the sonority hierarchy for explaining segmental sequential constraints. In Michael, Ziolkowski, Manual, Noske, and Karen, Deaton (eds.) CLS 26: volume 2: the parasession on the syllable in phonetics and phonology. Chicago, Chicago Linguistic Society, pp. 319–38Google Scholar
Ohala, John J. (1992). There is no interface between phonetics and phonology: a personal view. Journal of Phonetics 18: 153–71Google Scholar
Ohala, John J. (1995). Phonetic explanations for sound patterns: implications for grammars of competence. In Elenius, K and Branderud, P. (eds.) Proceedings of the 13th International Congress of the Phonetic Sciences. Vol.2. Stockholm, Department of Speech Communication and Music Aconstics, KTH and Department of Linguistics, Stockholm University, pp. 52–9Google Scholar
Ohala, John J. and James Lorentz (1977). The story of [w]: an exercise in the phonetic explanation for sound patterns. In Kenneth, Whistler jr., Robert, Valin, Chris, Chiarello, Jeri, J. Jaeger, Miriam, Petruck, Henry, Thompson, Ronya, Javkin, and Anthony, Woodbury (eds.) Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. Berkeley, Berkeley Linguistics Society, pp. 577–99Google Scholar
Onn, Farid (1980). Aspects of Malay phonology and morphology: a generative approach. Bangi, Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaGoogle Scholar
Oostendorp, Marc (1995). Vowel quality and phonological projection. Doctoral dissertation, Katholieke Universiteit BrabantGoogle Scholar
Oostendorp, Marc (1999). The velar nasal as a nuclear nasal in Dutch. Ms., Meertens Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
Orr, Carolyn (1962). Ecuador Quichua phonology. In Benjamin, Elson (ed.) Studies in Ecuadorian Indian languages. Vol.1. Norman, Summer Institute of Linguistics of the University of Oklahoma, pp. 60–77Google Scholar
Owens, Jonathan (1985). A grammar of Harar Oromo (Northeastern Ethiopia). Cushitic Language Studies 4. Hamburg, BuskeGoogle Scholar
Padgett, Jaye (1994). Stricture and nasal place assimilation. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 12: 463–513CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Padgett, Jaye (2003). Contrast and post-velar fronting in Russian. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 21: 39–87CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pagliano, Claudine (2004). There is no post-verbal liaison in French: [t] in fait-il is epenthetic. Handout from the 12th Manchester Phonology ConferenceGoogle Scholar
Palmada, Blanca (1994). La fonologia del Català: el principis generals i la variació. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Barcelona, Servei de Publicacions de la Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaGoogle Scholar
Pandharipande, Rajeshwari V. (1997). Marathi. London, RoutledgeGoogle Scholar
Pankratz, Leo and Eunice, V. Pike (1967). Phonology and morphotonemics of Ayutla Mixtec. International Journal of American Linguistics 33: 287–99CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paradis, Carole (1992). Lexical phonology and morphology: the nominal classes in Fula. New York, GarlandGoogle Scholar
Paradis, Carole and Darlene, LaCharité (2001). Guttural deletion in loanwords. Phonology 18. 2: 225–300CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paradis, Carole and Jean-François, Prunet (1990). The coronal vs. velar placelessness controversy. McGill Working Papers in Linguistics 6. 2: 192–228Google Scholar
Paradis, Carole (1991a). Introduction: asymmetry and visibility in consonant articulations. In Carole, Paradis and Prunet, J.-F. (eds.) The special status of coronals: internal and external evidence. Phonetics and Phonology 2. San Diego, Academic Press, pp. 1–28Google Scholar
Paradis, Carole and Jean-François, Prunet (eds.) (1991b). The special status of coronals: internal and external evidence. Phonetics and Phonology 2. San Diego, Academic PressGoogle Scholar
Paradis, Carole (1994). A reanalysis of velar transparency cases. The Linguistic Review 11: 101–40CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parker, Stephen (1987). Kana acha'taka ijnachale kana chamekolo (vocabulario y textos chamicuro). Comunidades y Culturas Peruanas No. 21. Yarinacocha, Pucallpa, Peru, Ministerio de Educación and Instituto Lingüístico de VeranoGoogle Scholar
Parker, Stephen (1989). The sonority grid in Chamicuro phonology. Linguistic Analysis 19: 3–58Google Scholar
Parker, Stephen (1994a). Coda epenthesis in Huariapano. International Journal of American Linguistics 60. 2: 95–119CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parker, Stephen (1994b). Laryngeal codas in Chamicuro. International Journal of American Linguistics 60. 3: 261–71CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parker, Stephen (1998). Disjoint metrical tiers and positional markedness in Huariapano. Ms., University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Parker, Stephen (2001a). On the phonemic status of [h] in Tiriyo. International Journal of American Linguistics 67: 105–18CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parker, Stephen (2001b). Non-optimal onsets in Chamicuro: an inventory maximised in coda position. Phonology 18. 3: 361–86CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parker, Stephen (2002). Quantifying the sonority hierarchy. Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, AmherstGoogle Scholar
Pater, Joe (1996). *NC̥. In Kiyomi, Kusumoto (ed.) Proceedings of NELS 26. Amherst, MA, GLSA Publications, pp. 227–39Google Scholar
Pater, Joe (1997). Minimal violation and phonological development. Language Acquisition 6: 201–53CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pater, Joe (1999). Austronesian nasal substitution and other NC effects. In René, Kager, Harry, Hulst, and Wim, Zonneveld (eds.) The prosody-morphology interface. London, Cambridge University Press, pp. 310–43Google Scholar
Pater, Joe and Jessica, Barlow (2002). Place-determined onset selection. Ms., University of Massachusetts, Amherst and San Diego State University
Pater, Joe and Adam, Werle (2003). Direction of assimilation in child consonant harmony. Canadian Journal of Linguistics 48. 3/4: 385–408CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Payne, David L. (1981). The phonology and morphology of Axininca Campa. Summer Institute of Linguistics Publications in Linguistics 66. Dallas, SILGoogle Scholar
Payne, David L. (1990). Accent in Aguaruna. In Doris, L. Payne (ed.) Amazonian linguistics: studies in lowland South American languages. Austin, University of Texas Press, pp. 161–84Google Scholar
Payne, Doris L. and Thomas E. Payne (1986). Yagua. In Desmond, C. Derbyshire and Geoffrey, K. Pullum (eds.) Handbook of Amazonian languages. Vol.2. Berlin, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 249–474Google Scholar
Payne, Judith (1990). Asheninca stress patterns. In Doris, L. Payne (ed.) Amazonian linguistics: studies in lowland South American languages. Austin, University of Texas Press, pp. 185–209Google Scholar
Peasgood, Edward T. (1972). Carib phonology. In Joseph, Grimes (ed.) Languages of the Guianas. Norman, Summer Institute of Linguistics of the University of Oklahoma, pp. 35–41Google Scholar
Peperkamp, Sharon (in press). A psycholinguistic theory of loanword adaptations. Proceedings of BLS 30.http://www.ehess.fr/centres/lscp/persons/peperkamp/BLS30.pdfGoogle Scholar
Peperkamp, Sharon and Emmanuel Dupoux (2003). Reinterpreting loanword adaptations: the role of perception. In Maria Joseph, Solé, Daniel, Recasens, and Joaquim, Romero (eds.) The proceedings of the 15th International Conference of the Phonetic Sciences. Ruddle Mall, Australia, Causal Productions, pp. 367–70Google Scholar
Piggott, Glyne L. (1980). Aspects of Odawa morphophonemics. New York, Garland Publishing IncGoogle Scholar
Piggott, Glyne L. (1993). Satisfying the minimal word. McGill Working Papers in Linguistics 8. 2: 194–233Google Scholar
Pike, Eunice (1954). Phonetic rank and subordination in consonant patterning and historical change. Miscellanea Phonetica 2: 25–41Google Scholar
Ping, Jiang-King (1996). An Optimality account of tone-vowel interaction in Northern Min. Doctoral dissertation, University of British ColumbiaGoogle Scholar
Ping, Jiang-King (1999). Sonority constraints on tonal patterns. In Kimary, Shahin, Susan, J. Blake, and Eun-Sook, Kim (eds.) WCCFL 17. Stanford, CSLI, pp. 332–46Google Scholar
Pinker, Steven and David, Birdsong (1979). Speaker's sensitivity to rules of frozen word order. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behaviour 18: 497–508CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Podesva, Robert (2000). Constraints on geminates in Buginese and Selayarese. In Roger, Billery and Brook Danielle, Lillehaugen (eds.) Proceedings of WCCFL 19. Somerville, MA, Cascadilla Press, pp. 101–14Google Scholar
Poppe, Nicholas (1960). Buriat Grammar. Uralic and Altaic Series, Vol.2. Bloomington, Indiana University PublicationsGoogle Scholar
Prentice, D. J. (1971). The Murut languages of Sabah. Pacific Linguistics C No.18. Canberra, Australian National UniversityGoogle Scholar
Price, P. David, (1976). Southern Nambiquara phonology. International Journal of American Linguistics 42. 4: 338–48CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prince, Alan (1983). Relating to the grid. Linguistic Inquiry 14: 19–100Google Scholar
Prince, Alan (1997a). Paninian relations. Colloquium talk, University of Massachusetts, Amherst. http://ling.rutgers.edu/people/faculty/prince.html
Prince, Alan (1997b). Stringency and anti-Paninian hierarchies. Handout from LSA Institute. http://ling.rutgers.edu/people/faculty/prince.html
Prince, Alan (1997c). Topics in Optimality Theory: Class 3: Harmonic completeness, AP order; chain shifts. Handout, LSA Institute. http://ling.rutgers.edu/people/faculty/prince.html
Prince, Alan (1997d). Elsewhere and otherwise. Rutgers Optimality Archive 217. http://ling.rutgers.edu/people/faculty/prince.htmlGoogle Scholar
Prince, Alan (1998). Two lectures on Optimality Theory. Phonology Forum 1998, Kobe University. http://ling.rutgers.edu/people/faculty/prince.html
Prince, Alan (1999). Paninian relations. Handout, University of Marburg. http://ling.rutgers.edu/people/faculty/prince.html
Prince, Alan and Paul Smolensky (1993). Optimality Theory: constraint interaction in generative grammar. Rutgers Technical Reports TR-2. New Brunswick, NJ, Rutgers Center for Cognitive Science [also Rutgers Optimality Archive 537]. Published in 2004 by BlackwellsGoogle Scholar
Pulleyblank, Douglas (1998). Yoruba vowel patterns: deriving asymmetries by the tension between opposing constraints. Rutgers Optimality Archive 270Google Scholar
Pulleyblank, E. G. (1989). The role of coronal in articulator based features. In Wiltshire, C., Graczyk, R., and Music, B. (eds.) Papers from CLS 25. Chicago, Chicago Linguistic Society, pp. 379–93Google Scholar
Quick, Philip (2000). A grammar of the Pendau language. Doctoral dissertation, Australian National UniversityGoogle Scholar
Rand, E. (1968). The structural phonology of Alabaman, a Muskogean language. International Journal of American Linguistics 34: 94–103CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rappaport, Malka (1981). The phonology of gutturals in Biblical Hebrew. In Joseph, Aoun and Hagit, Borer (eds.) Theoretical issues in Semitic linguistics. Cambridge, MA, MIT, pp. 101–27Google Scholar
Rappaport, Malka (1984). Issues in the phonology of Tiberian Hebrew. Doctoral dissertation, MITGoogle Scholar
Raz, Shlomo (1983). Tigré grammar and texts. Afroasiatic Dialects, Vol. 4. Malibu, CA, UndenaGoogle Scholar
Recasens, Daniel (1991). Fonética descriptiva del Català. Barcelona, Intitut d'Estudias Catalans, Biblioteca Filològica XⅪGoogle Scholar
Repetti, Lori (1996). Syllabification and unsyllabified consonants in Emilian and Romagnol dialects. In Claudia, Parodi, Carlos, Quicoli, Mario, Saltarelli, and María, Luisa Zubizarreta (eds.) Aspects of Romance Linguistics. Washington, DC, Georgetown University Press, pp. 373–82Google Scholar
Rice, Keren (1978). A note on Fort Resolution Chipewyan. International Journal of American Linguistics 44: 144–5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rice, Keren (1988). Continuant voicing in Slave (Northern Athapaskan): The cyclic application of default rules. In Michael, Hammond and Michael, Noonan (eds.) Theoretical morphology. San Diego, Academic Press, pp. 371–94Google Scholar
Rice, Keren (1989). A grammar of Slave. Berlin, Mouton de GruyterCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rice, Keren (1992). On deriving sonority: a structural account of sonority relationships. Phonology 9: 61–99CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rice, Keren (1996). Default variability: the coronal-velar relationship. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 14. 3: 493–543CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rice, Keren (1999a). Featural markedness in phonology: variation. Part 1. GLOT 4. 7: 3–6Google Scholar
Rice, Keren (1999b). Featural markedness in phonology: variation. Part 2. GLOT 4. 8: 3–7Google Scholar
Rice, Keren (2004a). Neutralization and epenthesis: is there markedness in the absence of contrast? Handout from GLOW
Rice, Keren (2004b). Sonorant relationships: the case of liquids. Handout from a talk presented at the Canadian Linguistics Association
Rice, Keren (2006). Markedness. In Paul, Lacy (ed.) The Cambridge Handbook of Phonology. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, ch.4Google Scholar
Rice, Keren (in prep.). Markedness in phonology. Cambridge, Cambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rice, Keren and Peter Avery (1991). On the relationship between laterality and coronality. In Carole, Paradis and Jean-François, Prunet (eds.) The special status of coronals: internal and external evidence. Volume 2: phonetics and phonology. San Diego, Academic Press, pp. 101–23Google Scholar
Rice, Keren (1993). Segmental complexity and the structure of inventories. In Carrie, Dyck (ed.) Toronto Working Papers in Linguistics 12. Toronto, University of Toronto, pp. 131–54Google Scholar
Rice, Keren (1995). Variability in a deterministic model of language acquisition: a theory of segmental elaboration. In Archibald, J. (ed.) Phonological acquisition and phonological theory. Hillsdale, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 23–42Google Scholar
Rice, Keren and Trisha, Causley (1998). Asymmetries in featural markedness: place of articulation. Handout from GLOW
Rich, Furne (1963). Arabela phonemes and high-level phonology. Studies in Peruvian Indian languages I. Oklahoma, University of Oklahoma and SILGoogle Scholar
Roberts, T. and Li, Y.-C. (1963). Problems in the phonology of the Southern Min dialect of Taiwan. Journal of Tunghai University 5: 95–108Google Scholar
Rodrigues, Aryon D. (1999a). Macro-Jê. In Dixon, R. M. W. and Alexandra, Y. Aikhenvald (eds.) The Amazonian languages.Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 165–201Google Scholar
Rodrigues, Aryon D. (1999b). Tupí. In Dixon, R. M. W. and Alexandra, Y. Aikhenvald (eds.) The Amazonian languages.Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 107–22Google Scholar
Rose, Sharon (1996). Variable laryngeals and vowel lowering. Phonology 13: 73–117CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rose, Sharon (1997). Theoretical issues in comparative Ethio-Semitic phonology and morphology. Doctoral dissertation, McGill UniversityGoogle Scholar
Rosenthall, Samuel (1995). Vowel/glide alternation in a theory of constraint interaction. Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, AmherstGoogle Scholar
Ross, Malcolm (1980). Some elements of Vanimo, a New Guinea Tone Language. Papers in New Guinea Linguistic (Pacific Linguistics A, No.56) 20: 77–109Google Scholar
Ross, Malcolm (2002). Taiof. In John, Lynch, Malcolm, Ross, and Terry, Crowley (eds.) The Oceanic languages. Richmond, Curzon Press, pp. 426–39Google Scholar
Rutgers, Roland (1998). Yamphu: grammar, texts, and lexicon. Leiden, Research School CNWSGoogle Scholar
Saeed, John (1999). Somali. London Oriental and African language library. Amsterdam, John Benjamins Publishing CompanyCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sagey, Elizabeth (1986). The representation of features and relations in nonlinear phonology. Doctoral dissertation, MITGoogle Scholar
Salminen, Tapani (1998). Nenets. In Daniel, Abondolo (ed.) The Uralic languages. London, Routledge, pp. 516–47Google Scholar
Salmond, Anne (1974). A generative syntax of Luangiua: a Polynesian language. The Hague, MoutonCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samek-Lodovici, Vieri (1992). Universal constraints and morphological gemination: a cross-linguistic study. Ms., Brandeis UniversityGoogle Scholar
Samek-Lodovici, Vieri (1993). A unified analysis of crosslinguistic morphological gemination. In Peter, Ackema and Maaike, Schooslemmer (eds.) Proceedings of CONSOLE 1. Utrecht, Holland Academic Graphics, pp. 265–83Google Scholar
Samek-Lodovici, Vieri and Alan, Prince (1999). Optima. Rutgers Optimality Archive 363Google Scholar
Sapir, J. David, (1965). A grammar of Diola-Fogny. Cambridge, Cambridge University PressGoogle Scholar
Schein, Barry and Donca, Steriade (1986). On geminates. Linguistic Inquiry 17: 691–744Google Scholar
Schlie, Perry and Ginny Schlie (1993). A Kara phonology. In John, M. Clifton (ed.) Data papers on New Guinea linguistics: phonologies of Austronesian languages 2. Papua New Guinea, SIL Academic Publications, pp. 99–130Google Scholar
Schuh, Russell G. (2005). Segmental phonology. In Russell, G. Schuh (ed.) Reference grammar of Bole. http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/humnet/aflang/Bole-/bole_papers.html (14 February 2006)Google Scholar
Schwartz, Jean-Luc, Louis-Jean, Boë, Nathalie, Vallée, and Christian, Abry (1997). Major trends in vowel system inventories. Journal of Phonetics 25: 233–53CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, Linda J. (1979). Syntactic markedness and frequency of occurrence. In Thomas, Perry (ed.) Evidence and argumentation in linguistics. Berlin, Walter de Gruyter, pp. 315–33Google Scholar
Sekiyama, K. and Tohkura, Y. (1991). McGurk effect in non-English listeners: few visual effects for Japanese subjects hearing Japanese syllables of high auditory intelligibility. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 90: 1797–805CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Selkirk, Elisabeth (1984). On the major class features and syllable theory. In Mark, Aronoff and Richard, T. Oehrle (eds.) Language sound structure: studies in phonology presented to Morris Halle by his teachers and students. Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, pp. 107–36Google Scholar
Selkirk, Elisabeth (1991). A two-root theory of length. In Dunlap, E. and Jaye, Padgett (eds.) University of Massachusetts occasional papers in linguistics 14: papers in phonology. Amherst, MA, GLSA, pp. 123–72Google Scholar
Selkirk, Elisabeth (1995). The prosodic structure of function words. In Jill, Beckman, Laura Walsh, Dickey, and Suzanne, Urbanczyk (eds.) Papers in Optimality Theory. University of Massachusetts Occasional Papers 18. Amherst, MA, GLSA, pp. 439–70Google Scholar
Shaw, Patricia A. (1980). Theoretical issues in Dakota phonology and morphology. New York, Garland Publishing IncGoogle Scholar
Sigurd, Bengt (1965). Phonotactic structures in Swedish. Lund, UniskolGoogle Scholar
Silverman, Daniel (1992). Multiple scansions in loanword phonology: evidence from Cantonese. Phonology 9. 2: 289–328CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sivertsen, E. (1960). Cockney phonology. New York, Humanities PressGoogle Scholar
Smith, Ian R. (1978). Sri Lanka Portuguese Creole phonology. Vanciyoor, Dravidian Linguistics AssociationGoogle Scholar
Smith, Jennifer (1997). Noun faithfulness: on the privileged behavior of nouns in phonology. Rutgers Optimality Archive 242Google Scholar
Smith, Jennifer (2002). Phonological augmentation in prominent positions. Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, AmherstGoogle Scholar
Smolensky, Paul (1993). Harmony, markedness, and phonological activity. Rutgers Optimality Archive 87Google Scholar
Sommerstein, Alan (1977). Modern phonology. London, ArnoldGoogle Scholar
Spring, Cari (1990). Implications of Axininca Campa for prosodic morphology and reduplication.Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona, TucsonGoogle Scholar
Sridhar, S. N. (1990). Kannada. London, Routledge
Stahlke, Herbert F. (1975). Some problems with binary features of tone. In Robert, K. Herbert (ed.) Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on African Linguistics. Ohio, Ohio State University, pp. 87–98Google Scholar
Stampe, David (1972). How I spent my summer vacation (a dissertation on Natural Generative Phonology). Doctoral dissertation, University of ChicagoGoogle Scholar
Stemberger, Joseph (1992). Vocalic underspecification in English language production. Language 68: 492–524CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stemberger, Joe and Carol Stoel-Gammon (1991). The underspecification of coronals: evidence from language acquisition and performance errors. In Carole, Paradis and Jean-François, Prunet (eds.) Phonetics and phonology: Vol.2. The special status of coronals. San Diego, Academic Press, pp. 181–99Google Scholar
Steriade, Donca (1982). Greek prosodies and the nature of syllabification. Doctoral dissertation, MITGoogle Scholar
Steriade, Donca (1987a). Locality conditions and feature geometry. In Joyce, M. McDonough and Bernadette, Plunkett (eds.) Proceedings of NELS 17. Amherst, MA, GLSA, pp. 595–617Google Scholar
Steriade, Donca (1987b). Redundant values. In Anna, Bosch, Barbara, Need, and Eric, Schiller (eds.) Proceedings of the Chicago Linguistic Society 23: parasession on autosegmental and metrical phonology. Vol.2. Chicago, Chicago Linguistic Society, pp. 339–62Google Scholar
Steriade, Donca (1995a). Positional neutralization. Ms., UCLAGoogle Scholar
Steriade, Donca (1995b). Underspecification and markedness. In John, Goldsmith (ed.) The handbook of phonological theory. Oxford, Blackwell, pp. 114–74Google Scholar
Stites, Jessica, Katherine Demuth, and Cecilia Kirk (2004). Markedness versus frequency effects in coda acquisition. In Alejna, Brugos, Linnea, Micciulla, and Christine, E. Smith (eds.) Proceedings of the 28th Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development. Somerville, MA, Cascadilla Press, pp. 565–76Google Scholar
Stonham, John (1999). Aspects of Tsishaath Nootka phonetics and phonology. LINCOM studies in Native American linguistics 32. Munich, LINCOM EuropaGoogle Scholar
Strange, W. and P. A. Broen (1980). Perception and production of approximant consonants by 3-year-olds: a first study. In Yeni-Komshian, G. H., Kavanaugh, J. F., and Ferguson, C. A. (eds.), Child phonology, Vol.2: Perception. New York, Academic Press, pp. 117–54Google Scholar
Stroomer, Harry J. (1987). A comparative study of three Southern Oromo dialects in Kenya. Hamburg, Helmut Buske VerlagGoogle Scholar
Struijke, Caro (2001). Existential faithfulness: a study of reduplicative TETU, feature movement, and dissimilation. Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College ParkGoogle Scholar
Suzuki, Keiichiro (1998). A typological investigation of dissimilation. Doctoral dissertation, University of ArizonaGoogle Scholar
Svantesson, Jan-Olof (1995). Cyclic syllabification in Mongolian. NLLT 13. 4: 755–66Google Scholar
Taylor, George P. (1908). The student's Gujarati grammar with exercises and vocabulary (2nd edition). Bombay, Thacker and CoGoogle Scholar
Teoh, Boon Seong (1988). Aspects of Malay phonology revisited: a non-linear approach. Doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignGoogle Scholar
Tesar, Bruce and Paul, Smolensky (1998). Learnability in Optimality Theory. Linguistic Inquiry 29: 229–68CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, David A. (1988). Lockhart River ‘sand beach’ language: an outline of Kuuku Ya'u and Umpila. Darwin, Summer Institute of Linguistics, Australian Aborigines and Islanders BranchGoogle Scholar
Tracy, Frances (1972). Wapishana phonology. In Joseph, E. Grimes (ed.) Languages of the Guianas. Norman, OK, Summer Institute of Linguistics of the University of Oklahoma, pp. 78–84Google Scholar
Tranel, Bernard (1981). Concreteness in generative phonology. Berkeley, University of California PressGoogle Scholar
Trigo Ferre, Rosario Lorenza (1988). On the phonological derivation and behavior of nasal glides. Doctoral dissertation, MITGoogle Scholar
Trommer, Jochen and Angela, Grimm (2004). Albanian word stress. Handout from Manchester Phonology Meeting, 20–22 May 2004. http://www.ling.uni-osnabrueck.de/trommer/alb.pdf [31 January 2006]
Trubetzkoy, Nikolai S. (1931). Die phonologischen Systeme. Travaux du Cercle Linguistique de Prague. Vol.4. Prague, Jednota Ceskoslovenskych Matimatiku a Fysiku, pp. 96–116Google Scholar
Trubetzkoy, Nikolai S. (1939). Grundzüge der Phonologie. Göttingen, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht [Translated by A. M. Baltaxe]Google Scholar
Trubetzkoy, Nikolai S. (1968). Introduction to the principles of phonological description (translated by L. A.Muny). The Hague, Martinus NijhoffCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trubetzkoy, Nikolai S. (1975). N. S. Trubetzkoy's letters and notes. The Hague, MoutonGoogle Scholar
Truckenbrodt, Hubert (2006). The syntax-phonology interface. In Paul, Lacy (ed.) The Cambridge handbook of phonology. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, ch.18Google Scholar
Tsuchida, Shigeru (1976). Reconstruction of Proto-Tsouic phonology. Studies of languages and cultures of Asia and Africa, No.5. Tokyo, Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and AfricaGoogle Scholar
Heuvel, Wilco (2004). Floating moras triggering epenthesis at intonation boundaries in Biak. Handout from the 6th Austronesian Formal Linguistics Association
Wely, F. P. H. Prick (1967). Cassell's English–Dutch, Dutch–English dictionary. London, Macmillan Publishing CompanyGoogle Scholar
Vance, Timothy (1987). An introduction to Japanese phonology. Albany, SUNY PressGoogle Scholar
Vasanthakumari, T. (1989). Generative phonology of Tamil. Delhi, Mittal PublicationsGoogle Scholar
Vaux, Bert (1998). The laryngeal specifications of fricatives. Linguistic Inquiry 29. 3: 497–512CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vaux, Bert (2001). Consonant epenthesis and hypercorrection. Talk presented at the Linguistic Society of America
Vaux, Bert (2003). Consonant epenthesis and hypercorrection. Ms., Harvard University
Vaysman, Olga (2002). Consonant gradation and Prosody in Nganasan. Ms., MIT
Vennemann, Theo (1988). Preference laws for syllable structure and the explanation of sound change. Berlin, Mouton de GruyterGoogle Scholar
Walker, Rachel (1998). Nasalization, neutral segments, and opacity effects. Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Santa CruzGoogle Scholar
Walker, Rachel (2000). Nasalization, neutral segments and opacity effects. New York, GarlandGoogle Scholar
Walsh Dickey, Laura (1997). The phonology of liquids. Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, AmherstGoogle Scholar
Watkins, Laurel J. (1984). A grammar of Kiowa. Lincoln, University of Nebraska PressGoogle Scholar
Waugh, Linda (1979). Markedness and phonological systems. In Wolck, W. and Paul, L. Garvin (eds.) The fifth LACUS forum. Columbia, SC, Hornbeam Press, pp. 155–65Google Scholar
Weber, David John (1989). A grammar of Huallaga (Huánuco) Quechua. University of California Publications in Linguistics 112. Berkeley, University of California PressGoogle Scholar
Welch, Betty and Birdie Welch (1967). The phonemic system of Tucano. In Viola, Waterhouse (ed.) Phonemic systems of Colombian languages. Norman, Summer Institute of Linguistics of the University of Oklahoma, pp. 11–24Google Scholar
Wells, John C. (1982). Accents of English. volume 2: the British Isles. Cambridge, Cambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wetzels, W. Leo, and Benjamin Hermans (1985). Aspirated geminates in Pali. In Bennis, H. and Benkema, F. (eds.) Linguistics in the Netherlands. Vol.1. Dordrecht, Foris, pp. 213–23Google Scholar
Wetzels, W. Leo, and Joan, Mascaró (2001). The typology of voicing and devoicing. Language 77. 2: 207–44CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wheeler, Max (1979). Phonology of Catalan. Oxford, Basil BlackwellGoogle Scholar
Wheeler, Max (2005a). The phonology of Catalan. The Phonology of the World's Languages Series. Oxford, Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar
Wheeler, Max (2005b). Cluster reduction: deletion or coalescence? In Jesús Jiménez and Maria-Rosa Lloret (eds.) Special Issue of Catalan Journal of Linguistics: Morphology in Phonology 4 [also Rutgers Optimality Archive 718]Google Scholar
Wiese, Richard (2001). The phonology of /r/. In Alan, T. Hall (ed.) Distinctive feature theory. New York, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 335–68Google Scholar
Williams, Herbert (1971 [1844)]. A dictionary of the Maori language. 7th edn. Wellington, A. R. Shearer, Government PrinterGoogle Scholar
Williamson, Kay (1977). Multivalued features for consonants. Language 53: 843–71CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, Colin (2000). Targeted constraints: an approach to contextual neutralization in Optimality Theory. Doctoral dissertation, Johns Hopkins UniversityGoogle Scholar
Wiltshire, Caroline (1998). Extending ALIGN constraints to new domains. Linguistics 36. 3: 423–68CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woolams, Geoff (1996). A grammar of Karo Batak, Sumatra. Pacific Linguistics C-130. Canberra, Australian National UniversityGoogle Scholar
Woolford, Ellen (1999). Animacy hierarchy effects on object agreement. In Paul, F. A. Kotey (ed.) New dimensions in African linguistics and languages. Trenton, NJ and Asmara, Eritrea, Africa World Press, pp. 203–16Google Scholar
Yallop, Colin (1977). Alyawarra: an Aboriginal language of Central Australia. Research and Regional Studies 10. Canberra, Australian Institute of Aboriginal StudiesGoogle Scholar
Yar-Shater, Ehsan (1969). A grammar of southern Tati dialects. The Hague, MoutonGoogle Scholar
Yip, Moira (1982). Reduplication and CV skeleta in Chinese secret languages. Linguistic Inquiry 13. 4: 637–62Google Scholar
Yip, Moira (1991). Coronals, consonant clusters, and the coda condition. In Carole, Paradis and Jean-François, Prunet (eds.) The special status of coronals: internal and external evidence, II: phonetics and phonology. San Diego, Academic Press, pp. 61–78Google Scholar
Yip, Moira (1992). Sonorant vs. obstruent codas in East Asian languages: a prosodic distinction. Ms., University of California, Irvine
Yip, Moira (1994). Morpheme-level features: Chaoyang syllable structure and nasalization. Rutgers Optimality Archive 81Google Scholar
Yip, Moira (1995). Lexicon optimization in languages without alternations. Rutgers Optimality Archive 135Google Scholar
Yip, Moira (2000). Segmental unmarkedness versus input preservation in reduplication. In Linda, Lombardi (ed.) Segmental phonology in Optimality Theory. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 206–30Google Scholar
Yip, Moira (2001). The complex interaction of tone and prominence. In Minjoo, Kim and Uri, Strauss (eds.) Proceedings of NELS 31. Amherst, MA, GLSA, pp. 531–45Google Scholar
Yip, Moira (2002). Necessary but not sufficient: perceptual influences in loanword phonology. Talk presented at The Architecture of Grammar conference, Central Institute of English and Foreign Languages, Hyderabad, India
Yu, Alan (2004). Explaining final obstruent voicing in Lezgian: phonetics and history. Language 80. 1: 73–97CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zaicz, Gábor (1998). Mordva. In Daniel, Abondolo (ed.) The Uralic languages. London, Routledge, pp. 184–218Google Scholar
Zec, Draga (1988). Sonority constraints on prosodic structure. Doctoral dissertation, Stanford UniversityGoogle Scholar
Zec, Draga (1995). Sonority constraints on syllable structure. Phonology 12: 85–129CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zec, Draga (2000). Multiple sonority thresholds. In King, T. H. and Sekerina, I. A. (eds.) The 8th annual workshop on formal approaches to Slavic linguistics. Ann Arbor, Michigan Slavic Publications, pp. 382–413Google Scholar
Zoll, Cheryl (1996). Parsing below the segment in a constraint-based framework. Doctoral dissertation, University of California, BerkeleyGoogle Scholar
Zoll, Cheryl (1998). Positional asymmetries and licensing. Rutgers Optimality Archive 282Google Scholar
Zonneveld, R. M. van (1985). Word rhythm and the Janus syllable. In Harry, Hulst and Norval, Smith (eds.) The structure of phonological representations. Vol.2. Dordrecht, Foris, pp. 133–40Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • References
  • Paul de Lacy, Rutgers University, New Jersey
  • Book: Markedness
  • Online publication: 22 September 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511486388.011
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • References
  • Paul de Lacy, Rutgers University, New Jersey
  • Book: Markedness
  • Online publication: 22 September 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511486388.011
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • References
  • Paul de Lacy, Rutgers University, New Jersey
  • Book: Markedness
  • Online publication: 22 September 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511486388.011
Available formats
×