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14 - ‘The Drudgery of the Service’: Shanghai, 1864–1865

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 May 2022

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Summary

PARKES SET OFF back to China on his own on 11 January 1864. Fanny could not bring herself to go without the children and it seemed irresponsible to take them to such a hazardous place. On top of that, she was pregnant again. He reached Shanghai on 25 February to be ‘heartily welcomed back to China alike by the official and the mercantile community’ and take up his duties as Consul there. Shanghai was effectively a promotion; in the past, Guangzhou had been the most senior Consulate because it had been the first Chinese port open to foreign trade and because of its proximity to Hong Kong. But Shanghai was now clearly more important – a busy trading city in its own right and newly significant because of its being on the way to the recently-opened ports along the Yangtze – although the salary was still £100 less than in Guangzhou. Bruce recommended that the position be raised to Consul-General. This expansion however, had brought problems of its own – Parkes complained in 1865 that of ten thousand Chinese houses in the International Settlement and French Concession, 688 were brothels, while houses for opium and gambling were ‘beyond counting’.

Parkes had not really done any consular work for eight years – rather he had interpreted at the highest level, been present at bombardments, negotiated treaties and, in effect, governed Guangzhou. Now he was reduced to the humdrum of the Consul's life: monitoring merchant shipping; watching that Treaty rights were being upheld; settling legal matters. Parkes reflected, ‘I must take my turn at what is the drudgery of the service … Of work that brings in honours I have had a fair share, and now have to take my turn at the hewing of wood and drawing of water … The extreme monotony of the life is very irksome.’

The most stressful thing was the legal work; the trials were the ‘worry of his life’, sometimes lasting more than a week and he had had no real legal training to handle them. He had a staff of two Vice-Consuls, one interpreter, three assistants and three copyists but he kept pleading for some legal assistance – in the ten months after his arrival, he heard nearly a hundred cases.

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A Life of Sir Harry Parkes
British Minister to Japan, China and Korea, 1865–1885
, pp. 123 - 127
Publisher: Amsterdam University Press
Print publication year: 2020

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