Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of Illustrations
- Acknowledgements
- List of abbreviations
- Introduction: The Ethical Challenges for Cultural Heritage Experts Working with the Military
- 1 Still in the Aftermath of Waterloo: A Brief History of Decisions about Restitution
- 2 Physicians at War: Lessons for Archaeologists?
- 3 Christian Responsibility and the Preservation of Civilisation in Wartime: George Bell and the Fate of Germany in World War II
- 4 Responding to Culture in Conflict
- 5 How Academia and the Military can Work Together
- 6 Archaeologist under Pressure: Neutral or Cooperative in Wartime
- 7 Ancient Artefacts and Modern Conflict: A Case Study of Looting and Instability in Iraq
- 8 Whose Heritage? Archaeology, Heritage and the Military
- 9 Military Archaeology in the US: A Complex Ethical Decision
- 10 Akwesasne – Where the Partridges Drum to Fort Drum: Consultation with Native Communities, an Evolving Process
- 11 Heritage Resources and Armed Conflicts: An African Perspective
- 12 Human Shields: Social Scientists on Point in Modern Asymmetrical Conflicts
- 13 Politicians: Assassins of Lebanese Heritage? Archaeology in Lebanon in Times of Armed Conflict
- 14 Relations between Archaeologists and the Military in the Case of Iraq: Foreword
- List of Contributors
- Index
2 - Physicians at War: Lessons for Archaeologists?
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 14 February 2023
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of Illustrations
- Acknowledgements
- List of abbreviations
- Introduction: The Ethical Challenges for Cultural Heritage Experts Working with the Military
- 1 Still in the Aftermath of Waterloo: A Brief History of Decisions about Restitution
- 2 Physicians at War: Lessons for Archaeologists?
- 3 Christian Responsibility and the Preservation of Civilisation in Wartime: George Bell and the Fate of Germany in World War II
- 4 Responding to Culture in Conflict
- 5 How Academia and the Military can Work Together
- 6 Archaeologist under Pressure: Neutral or Cooperative in Wartime
- 7 Ancient Artefacts and Modern Conflict: A Case Study of Looting and Instability in Iraq
- 8 Whose Heritage? Archaeology, Heritage and the Military
- 9 Military Archaeology in the US: A Complex Ethical Decision
- 10 Akwesasne – Where the Partridges Drum to Fort Drum: Consultation with Native Communities, an Evolving Process
- 11 Heritage Resources and Armed Conflicts: An African Perspective
- 12 Human Shields: Social Scientists on Point in Modern Asymmetrical Conflicts
- 13 Politicians: Assassins of Lebanese Heritage? Archaeology in Lebanon in Times of Armed Conflict
- 14 Relations between Archaeologists and the Military in the Case of Iraq: Foreword
- List of Contributors
- Index
Summary
BACKGROUND
As an academic philosopher I surely know less about archaeology than anyone else contributing to this book. My research is in various fields of applied ethics, including bioethics and the ethics of war. While these usually occupy separate programmes, they came together during the 2004–5 academic year, when I was on a research fellowship at the Institute for Ethics of the American Medical Association (AMA). Just after I began the fellowship two articles were published in The Lancet by Steve Miles in which he discussed alleged violations of military medical ethics that may have transpired through physician involvement in hostile interrogations (Miles 2004a; 2004b). Then, immediately before the holiday break, we received notice that the New England Journal of Medicine would be publishing a similar essay by Gregg Bloche and Jonathan Marks in its first issue of 2005. The AMA in general, and the Institute for Ethics in particular, was extremely concerned about Miles’ papers and the forthcoming one by Bloche and Marks. Not only were these extremely visible publications, but many thought that the allegations they contained were of grave ethical concern. The AMA, which publishes The Code of Medical Ethics, takes very seriously the moral status of the medical profession and therefore was very interested in these articles. (The AMA’s Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs has since published an opinion on physician involvement in interrogation, which represents the culmination of its thinking on these topics (AMA 2006).)
I already had a background in some elements of the ethics of war, and torture in particular (Allhoff 2003; Allhoff 2006a), and my fellowship year quickly evolved to explore physician involvement in interrogations. One element of this project was research into some of the underlying moral issues, while another was to talk to those responsible for military ethics (including military medical ethics) education. This research led me to speak with those teaching military ethics at the US Military Academy at West Point, the US Naval Academy, and the US Air Force Academy, as well as those teaching military medical ethics at the US Army Medical Department Center & School (Fort Sam Houston, Texas) and the University Services University of the Health Sciences (Bethesda, Maryland). After I left the AMA I was also able to spend some time at the Australian Defence Force Academy (Canberra, Australia).
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- Cultural Heritage, Ethics, and the Military , pp. 43 - 54Publisher: Boydell & BrewerPrint publication year: 2011
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