Introduction

Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition government family policy was characterised by, on the one hand, a social and economic liberalism subscribed to by both the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats, and, on the other, a traditional moralism championed by many Conservatives. It was informed by battles and uneasy alliances of political perspectives that The Times (1998) once referred to as ‘The Tory Mods and Rockers’, with the former embracing a ‘modernising’ and investment agenda for change and the latter seeking to conserve established doctrines. In coalition family policy, Mod and Rocker tensions and alliances can be demonstrated in the socially liberal opening up and moral universalisation of marriage, and the economically liberal and morally categorical dividing off of particular sorts of families as in need of targeted early or turnaround intervention to turn them into responsible worker-citizens (see Table 1.1 in Chapter One). Under the coalition government, families became a cipher for the state of British society generally. There were ‘hard-working families’, and the other sort: the shirker and scrounger families of Broken Britain who had lived off welfare benefits for generations rather than get a job, where parents had no idea how to bring up their young children properly, and neither knew nor cared what their feral teenage children were up to, leaving them free to truant and riot. These distinctions appear repeatedly in this book (see, eg, Chapters Eight, Nine and Twelve).

These images underpinned a range of developments in coalition government policy, and specifically in family policy, as we consider here. While hard-working families were lauded and received some rhetorical pats on the back (in practice, they became hard-hit by policy developments), the policy prescription for supposed shirkers and scroungers conjured poverty into the fault of poor families themselves through asserting their intergenerational culture and biological deficit as causal in their disadvantage. Attention was drawn away from broader structural and economic risks facing families. A seemingly progressive and moral focus on improving the lives of children and families to the benefit of society has been subject to party-political consensus. Although there were some differences with the previous New Labour government's policies towards disadvantaged families, in the coalition's preoccupation with targeting, the main thrust has been strong continuities and extrapolations (Bond-Taylor, 2015a).