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12 - John Gower

from Part II - Literary Texts

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 July 2019

Candace Barrington
Affiliation:
Central Connecticut State University
Sebastian Sobecki
Affiliation:
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, The Netherlands
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Summary

Conventional wisdom holds 1330 to be the year the English poet John Gower was born, following a line of speculation that he was older than his friend and fellow poet Geoffrey Chaucer, whose birth traditionally has been assigned to 1340. No contemporary records are known to exist to confirm either date, for either man, however – and as is not the case with Chaucer, no accounts at all have surfaced to shed light on Gower’s early life. Lacking firm evidence to the contrary, and for a variety of circumstantial reasons, his birthdate is perhaps better set a bit later, between 1335 and 1340. Most likely John Gower hailed from armigerous gentry, with lands in Kent. His father – or more plausibly, the poet’s uncle – may have been one Sir Robert Gower (d. 1349), buried in Brabourne, south-east Kent – a township where John Gower also owned property, at least in his later years. Armorial blazons on a manuscript of Gower’s Latin poems Vox Clamantis and Cronica Tripertita match both one on the poet’s tomb, preserved in Southwark Cathedral, and those of Sir Robert Gower; another indication of the poet’s Kentish origins are the many Kentish dialectal elements present in the language of his English poetry. If Sir Robert Gower was indeed John Gower’s father, the family also possessed properties in Suffolk and East Anglia along with Kent, and probably had landed relations in Yorkshire as well.

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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

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References

Further Reading

Barrington, Candace, ‘John Gower’s Legal Advocacy and “In Praise of Peace”’, in John Gower, Trilingual Poet: Language, Translation, and Tradition, ed. Dutton, Elisabeth, with John Hines and R. F. Yeager, Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 2010, 112–25Google Scholar
Barrington, CandaceThe Spectral Advocate in John Gower’s Trentham Manuscript’, in Theorizing Legal Personhood: Medieval Law and Its Practice, ed. Boboc, Andreea, Leiden: Brill, 2015, 94118.Google Scholar
Bellamy, J. G., Bastard Feudalism and the Law, Portland, OR: Areopagitica Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Brundage, James A., The Medieval Origins of the Legal Profession: Canonists, Civilians, and Courts, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008.Google Scholar
Fisher, John H., John Gower: Moral Philosopher and Friend of Chaucer, New York: New York University Press, 1964.Google Scholar
Giancarlo, Matthew, ‘The Septvauns Affair: Purchase and Parliament in John Gower’s Mirour de l’Omme, Viator 36 (2005), 435–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, Richard Firth, ‘Medieval Literature and Law’, in The Cambridge History of Medieval Literature, ed. Wallace, David, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999, 2536.Google Scholar
Hanawalt, Barbara A. The Wealth of Wives: Women, Law, and Economy in Late Medieval London, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Meindl, Robert J. ‘Gower’s Speculum Iudicis: Judicial Corruption in Book VI of the Vox Clamantis, in John Gower: Others and the Self, ed. Peck, Russell A. and Yeager, R. F., Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 2017, 260–82.Google Scholar
Meindl, Robert J.Nuisance and Trespass in the Vox Clamantis: Sheriffs, Jurors, and Bailiffs’, Interdisciplinary Journal for Germanic and Semiotic Analysis 20 (2015), 181213.Google Scholar
Musson, Anthony and Ormrod, W. M., The Evolution of English Justice: Law, Politics and Society in the Fourteenth Century, New York: St Martin’s Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Plucknett, Theodore T. F., A Concise History of the Common Law, 5th edn, Boston, 1956; Clark, NJ: Lawbook Exchange, 2010.Google Scholar
Sobecki, Sebastian, ‘A Southwark Tale: Gower, the 1381 Poll Tax, and Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales, Speculum 92 (2017), 630–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Dijk, Conrad, John Gower and the Limits of the Law, Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 2013.Google Scholar
Yeager, R. F. ‘John Gower’s Poetry and the “Lawyerly Habit of Mind”’, in Theorizing Legal Personhood: Medieval Law and Its Practice, ed. Boboc, Andreea, Leiden: Brill, 2015, 7193.Google Scholar

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