Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-45l2p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-28T04:04:20.670Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Section 1 - Background to Obesity, Epidemiology and Anthropology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 September 2018

Edited by
Christopher Bouch  and
Jonathan Cousins
Christopher Bouch
Affiliation:
Leicester Royal Infirmary
Jonathan Cousins
Affiliation:
Hammersmith Hospital
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
Core Topics in Anaesthesia and Peri-operative Care of the Morbidly Obese Surgical Patient , pp. 1 - 28
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2018

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Further Reading

Banegas, JR, Lopez-Garcia, E, Gutierrez-Fisac, JL, Guallar-Castillon, P, Rodriguez-Artalejo, F. A simple estimate of mortality attributable to excess weight in the European Union. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003;57(2):201–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bray, GA. Medical consequences of obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89(6):2583–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bray, GA, Kim, KK, Wilding, JPH, on behalf of the World Obesity Feferation. Obesity: a chronic relapsing progressive disease process. A position statement of the World Obesity Federation. Obes Rev. 2017;18(7):715–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brownell, KD, Kersh, R, Ludwig, DS, et al. Personal responsibility and obesity: a constructive approach to a controversial issue. Health Aff (Millwood). 2010;29(3):379–87.Google Scholar
Buchwald, H, Avidor, Y, Braunwald, E, et al. Bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2004;292(14):1724–37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Butland, B, Jebb, SA, Kopelman, P, et al. Tackling Obesities: Future Choices. London: Government Office for Science and Department of Health and Social Care; 2007.Google Scholar
Dobbs, R, Sawers, C, Thompson, F, et al. Overcoming Obesity: An Initial Economic Analysis. London: McKinsey Global Institute; 2014.Google Scholar
Hachem, A, Brennan, L. Quality of life outcomes of bariatric surgery: a systematic review. Obes Surg. 2016;26(2):395–409.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hartmann-Boyce, J, Johns, DJ, Jebb, SA, et al. Behavioural Weight Management Review G. Behavioural weight management programmes for adults assessed by trials conducted in everyday contexts: systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2014;15(11):920–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunter, D, Popay, J, Tannahill, C, Whitehead, M, Elson, T. Learning Lessons from the Past: Shaping a Different Future. London: Marmot Review; 2009.Google Scholar
Kitahara, CM, Flint, AJ, Berrington de Gonzalez, A, et al. Association between Class III Obesity (BMI of 40–59 kg/m2) and Mortality: A Pooled Analysis of 20 Prospective Studies. PLOS Med. 2014;11(7):e1001673.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
National Audit Office. Tackling Obesity in Britain. London: National Audit Office; 2001.Google Scholar
National Institute of Health and Care Excellence. Obesity: Indentification, Assessment and Management: Clinical Guideline [CG189]. London: National Institute of Health and Care Excellence; 2014.Google Scholar
NHS Digital Statistics Team. Statistics on Obesity, Physical Activity and Diet – England 2017. London: NHS; 2017Google Scholar
Prospective Studies Collaboration. Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in 900000 adults: collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies. Lancet. 2009;373(9669):1083–96.Google Scholar
Roberto, CA, Swinburn, B, Hawkes, C, et al. Patchy progress on obesity prevention: emerging examples, entrenched barriers, and new thinking. Lancet. 2015;385(9985):2400–9.Google Scholar
Rutter, HR, Bes-Rastrollo, M, de Henauw, S, et al. Balancing upstream and downstream measures to tackle the obesity epidemic: a position statement from the European Association for the Study of Obesity. Obes Facts. 2017;10(1):61–3.Google Scholar
Swinburn, BA, Sacks, G, Hall, KD, et al. The global obesity pandemic: shaped by global drivers and local environments. Lancet. 2011;378(9793):804–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Swinburn, B, Egger, G, Raza, F. Dissecting obesogenic environments: the development and application of a framework for identifying and prioritizing environmental interventions for obesity. Prev Med. 1999; 29(6 Pt 1): 563–70.Google Scholar
The Scottish Government. Preventing Overweight and Obesity in Scotland: A Route Map Towards Healthy Weight. Edinburgh: The Scottish Government; 2010.Google Scholar

Further Reading

Björntorp, P. Do stress reactions cause abdominal obesity and comorbidities? Obes Rev. 2001;2(2):73–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, RE, Sharma, AM, Ardern, CI, et al. Secular differences in the association between caloric intake, macronutrient intake, and physical activity with obesity. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2015; 10(3): 243–55.Google ScholarPubMed
Ford, ND, Patel, SA, Narayan, KM Obesity in low-and middle- income countries: burden, drivers and emerging challenges. Ann Rev Publ Health. 2017;38:145–164.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Iszatt, N, Stigum, H, Verner, MA, et al. Prenatal and postnatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants and infant growth: a pooled analysis of seven European birth cohorts. Environ Health Perspect. 2015;123(7):730–6.Google Scholar
Karmaus, W, Osuch, JR, Eneli, I, et al. Maternal levels of dichlorodiphenyl-dichloroethylene (DDE) may increase weight and body mass index in adult female offspring. Occup Environ Med. 2009;66(3):143–9.Google Scholar
Lind, P, Lind, PM, Lejonklou, MH, et al. Uppsala consensus statement on environmental contaminants and the global obesity epidemic. Environ Health Perspect. 2016;124(5):A81–3.Google Scholar
Papavramidou, NS, Papavramadis, ST, Christopoulou-Aletra, H. Galen on obesity: etiology, effects and treatment. World J Surg. 2004;28(6):631–5.Google Scholar
Romieu, I, Dossus, L, Barquera, S, et al. Energy balance and obesity: what are the main drivers? Cancer Causes Contr. 2017; 28(3):247–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shai, I, Schwarzfuchs, D, Henkin, Y, et al. Weight loss with a low-carbohydrate, Mediterranean or low-fat diet. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(3):229–41.Google Scholar
Sturgiss, E, Haesler, E, Elmitt, N, et al. Increasing general practitioners’ confidence and self-efficacy in managing obesity: a mixed methods study. BMJ Open. 2017;7(1):e014314.Google Scholar

Further Reading

Abate, N, Garg, A, Peshock, RM, et al. Relationship of generalized and regional adiposity to insulin sensitivity in men with NIDDM. Diabetes. 1996;45(12):1684–93.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Abbasi, SA, Hundley, WG, Bluemke, DA, et al. Visceral adiposity and left ventricular remodeling: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis . 2015;25(7):667–76.Google Scholar
Bennasar-Veny, M, Lopez-Gonzalez, AA, Tauler, P, et al. Body adiposity index and cardiovascular health risk factors in Caucasians: a comparison with the body mass index and others. PLoS One. 2013;8(5):e63999.Google Scholar
Celebi Sozener, Z, Aydin, O, Mungan, D, et al. Obesity-asthma phenotype: Effect of weight gain on asthma control in adults. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2016;37(4):311–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cornier, MA, Despres, JP, Davis, N, et al.; American Heart Association Obesity Committee of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity and Metabolism, Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention, Council on Cardiovascular Nursing, Council on Epidemiology and Prevention & Council on the Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease, and Stroke Council 2011. Assessing adiposity: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2011;124(18):1996–2019.Google Scholar
Davis, KE, Neinast, DM, Sun, K, et al. The sexually dimorphic role of adipose and adipocyte estrogen receptors in modulating adipose tissue expansion, inflammation, and fibrosis. Molec Metab. 2013;2(3):227–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Flegal, KM, Kit, BK, Orpana, H, et al. Association of all-cause mortality with overweight and obesity using standard body mass index categories: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2013;309(1):71–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gavin, KM, Cooper, EE, Hickner, RC Estrogen receptor protein content is different in abdominal than gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue of overweight-to-obese premenopausal women. Metab Clin Exper. 2013;62(8):1180–8.Google Scholar
Giese, SY, Bulan, EJ, Commons, GW, et al. Improvements in cardiovascular risk profile with large-volume liposuction: a pilot study. Plastic Reconstruct Surg. 2001;108 (2):510–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guerra, RS, Amaral, TF, Marques, EA, et al. Anatomical location for waist circumference measurement in older adults: a preliminary study. Nutr Hosp. 2012;27(5):1554–61.Google Scholar
Hatem, SN, Redheuil, A, Gandjbakhch, E. Cardiac adipose tissue and atrial fibrillation: the perils of adiposity. Cardiovasc Res. 2016;109(4):502–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hernandez, TL, Bessesen, DH, Cox-York, KA, et al. Femoral lipectomy increases postprandial lipemia in women. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metabol. 2015;309(1):E63–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jensen, MD Role of body fat distribution and the metabolic complications of obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol. 2008;93(11 Suppl 1):S57–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Benedetti, FJ, Bosa, VL, Giesta, JM, et al. Anthropometric indicators of general and central obesity in the prediction of asthma in adolescents: central obesity in asthma. Nutr Hosp. 2015;32(6):2540–8.Google Scholar
Karastergiou, K, Bredella, MA, Lee, MJ, et al. Growth hormone receptor expression in human gluteal versus abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue: association with body shape. Obesity. 2016;24(5):1090–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Karastergiou, K, Fried, SK, Xie, H, et al. Distinct developmental signatures of human abdominal and gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue depots. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol. 2013;98(1):362–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Katzmarzyk, PT, Mire, E, Bray, GA, et al. Anthropometric markers of obesity and mortality in white and African American adults: the Pennington center longitudinal study. Obesity. 2013;21(5):1070–5.Google Scholar
Lee, MJ, Wu, Y, Fried, SK Adipose tissue heterogeneity: implication of depot differences in adipose tissue for obesity complications. Molec Aspects Med. 2013;34(1):1–11.Google Scholar
Lv, N, Xiao, L, Camargo, CA, Jr, et al. Abdominal and general adiposity and level of asthma control in adults with uncontrolled asthma. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2014;11(8):1218–24.Google Scholar
Neeland, IJ, Gupta, S, Ayers, CR, et al. Relation of regional fat distribution to left ventricular structure and function. Circul Cardiovasc Imag. 2013;6(5):800–7.Google Scholar
Obeid, NR, Malick, W, Concors, SJ, et al. Long-term outcomes after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: 10- to 13-year data. Surg Obes Related Dis. 2016;12(1):11–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peppa, M, Koliaki, C, Hadjidakis, DI, et al. Regional fat distribution and cardiometabolic risk in healthy postmenopausal women. Eur J Intern Med. 2013;24(8):824–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pramyothin, P, Karastergiou, K. What can we learn from interventions that change fat distribution? Curr Obes Rep. 2016;5(2):271–81.Google Scholar
Reis, JP, Macera, CA, Araneta, MR, et al. Comparison of overall obesity and body fat distribution in predicting risk of mortality. Obesity. 2009;17(6):1232–9.Google Scholar
Sahakyan, KR, Somers, VK, Rodriguez-Escudero, JP, et al. Normal-weight central obesity: implications for total and cardiovascular mortality. Ann Intern Med. 2015;163(11):827–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seabolt, LA, Welch, EB, Silver, HJ Imaging methods for analyzing body composition in human obesity and cardiometabolic disease. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2015;1353:41–59.Google Scholar
Wong, CX, Ganesan, AN, Selvanayagam, JB Epicardial fat and atrial fibrillation: current evidence, potential mechanisms, clinical implications, and future directions. Eur Heart J. 2017;38(17):1294–302.Google ScholarPubMed

Further Reading

Cook, TM, Woodall, N, Frerk, C, on behalf of the Fourth National Audit Project. Major complications of airway management in the UK: results of the Fourth National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists and the Difficult Airway Society. Part 1: Anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth. 2011;106:617–31.Google Scholar
Fitzsomons, K, Sullivan, A. Maternal Obesity in the UK: Findings from a National Project. 2010. www.publichealth.hscni.net/publications/maternal-obesity-uk-findings-national-project (accessed April 2018).Google Scholar
Health and Social Care Information Centre. Statistics on Obesity, Physical Activity and Diet: England 2015. 2015. www.gov.uk/government/statistics/statistics-on-obesity-physical-activity-and-diet-england-2015 (accessed April 2018).Google Scholar
National Confidential Enquiry Into Patient Outcome and Deaths (NCEPOD). Too Lean a Service? A Review of the Care of Patients who Underwent Bariatric Surgery. 2012. www.ncepod.org.uk/2012report2/downloads/BS_fullreport.pdf (accessed April 2018).Google Scholar
Pandit, JJ, Andrade, J, Bogod, DG, et al. The 5th National Audit Project (NAP5) on accidental awareness during general anaesthesia: protocol, methods and analysis of data. Anaesthesia 2014;69:1078–88.Google Scholar
Joch, BYA, By, P, Forrest, S. Measuring Up: The Medical Profession’s Prescription for the Nation’s Obesity Crisis. 2007. www.aomrc.org.uk/publications/reports-guidance/measuring-up-0213/ (accessed April 2018).Google Scholar

Further Reading

Bloom, BS, Engelhart, MD, Furst, EJ, Hill, WH, Krathwohl, DR. Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: The Classification of Educational Goals. Handbook I: Cognitive Domain. New York: David McKay Company; 1956.Google Scholar
Brunner, J. The Process of Education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1960.Google Scholar
COPMeD.A Reference Guide for Postgraduate Specialty Training in the UK (sixth edition). 2016. https://www.copmed.org.uk/publications/the-gold-guide (accessed April 2018).Google Scholar
Frank, J, Snell, LS, Cate, OT, et al. Competency-based medical education: theory to practice. Med Educ. 2010;32:638–45.Google ScholarPubMed
Harden, RM, Stamper, N. What is a spiral curriculum? Medical Teacher. 1999;21:141–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Poirier, P, Cornier, M-A, Mazzone, T, et al. Bariatric surgery and cardiovascular risk factors: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2011;123:1683–701.Google Scholar
The General Medical Council. Good Medical Practice. 2013.www.gmc-uk.org/ethical-guidance/ethical-guidance-for-doctors/good-medical-practice (accessed April 2018).Google Scholar
The General Medical Council. Promoting Excellence: Standards for Medical Education and Training. 2016. www.gmc-uk.org/Promoting_excellence_standards_for_medical_education_and_training_0715.pdf_61939165.pdf (accessed April 2018).Google Scholar
The Royal College of Anaesthetists. CCT in Anaesthetics: Assessment Guidance. 2015. www.rcoa.ac.uk/document-store/cct-anaesthetics-assessment-guidance (accessed April 2018).Google Scholar
The Royal College of Anaesthetists. Perioperative Medicine: The Pathway to Better Surgical Care. 2015. www.rcoa.ac.uk/sites/default/files/PERIOP-2014.pdf (accessed April 2018).Google Scholar
The Royal College of Anaesthetists. CCT in Anaesthetic Annex E- Advanced Level Training. 2016. www.rcoa.ac.uk/system/files/TRG-CCT-ANNEXE.pdf (accessed April 2018).Google Scholar
The Royal College of Anaesthetists. Curriculum for a CCT in Anaesthetics. 2016. www.rcoa.ac.uk/system/files/TRG-CU-CCT-ANAES2010.pdf (accessed April 2018).Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×