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55 - Loess, Dunes, and Human Activities

from Part V: - Quaternary Geomorphology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 May 2017

By
Nigel Goring-Morris
Edited by
Yehouda Enzel  and
Ofer Bar-Yosef
Yehouda Enzel
Affiliation:
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Ofer Bar-Yosef
Affiliation:
Harvard University, Massachusetts
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Summary

This contribution places socio-cultural developments in the more arid margins of the Southern Levant against the backdrop of loess and sand accumulations, ponds, seasonal,especially in the Negev and Sinai, during the later Quaternary. Most Negev and Sinai prehistoric sites are associated with primary or reworked aeolian deposits; most of those occupations are late, terminal Pleistocene and early Holocene; rarely to the middle Pleistocene. These aeolian deposits derived from exposure of the coastal shelf and Nile Delta, when sea levels were lower during the Last Glacial. Loess began to accumulate in both the lowlands and central Negev highlands during the later Lower Palaeolithic Acheulian, while extensive linear dune fields in the north Sinai and western Negev lowlands are documented from the Upper Palaeolithic and, especially, Early Epi-Palaeolithic during the LGM, when winds from the west were particularly gusty. Blocked wadi systems led to local seasonal ponding during the Middle and Late Epi-Palaeolithic, favoured by forager groups because of the locally enhanced vegetation and congregating animals. Discussion encompasses the mechanisms controlling the rate of breaching of the dune dams.
Type
Chapter
Information
Quaternary of the Levant
Environments, Climate Change, and Humans
 , pp. 493 - 504
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2017

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