Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-qs9v7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-11T13:38:32.596Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

6 - China Going Global: Challenges and Responses in English As a Foreign Language Teaching and Teacher Education

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 October 2020

By
Qiufang Wen  and
Hong Zhang
Edited by
Amy Bik May Tsui
Amy Bik May Tsui
Affiliation:
The University of Hong Kong
Get access

Summary

China, as a major global player, started its journey of going global in 1978. In order to understand the impact of globalisation on English language teacher education (ELTE) in China, this chapter critically reviews the development in China in the last forty years (1978–2018). The whole journey can be divided into three phases: (1) opening up to the outside world (1978–1998); (2) moving towards globalization (1999–2011); (3) becoming globalized (2012–present). This chapter aims to examine the challenges posed to EFL learning , EFL teaching and ELTE in each of these three phases and how the government has responded to these challenges. It will also discuss the critical issues in relation to the three phases and provide suggestions for policy making.

Keywords

globalizationEnglish as a Foreign Language (EFL) teacher educationEFL learningEFL teaching
Type
Chapter
Information
English Language Teaching and Teacher Education in East Asia
Global Challenges and Local Responses
 , pp. 113 - 134
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

An, X. H. (2014). Woguo zhongxiaoxue jiaoshi gongzi shuiping bianhua ji chayi tezheng yanjiu [On the changes and difference characteristics of teachers’ salary in primary and secondary schools]. Jiaoyu Yanjiu [Educational Research], (12), 44–53.Google Scholar
Center for China and Globalization. (2018). CCG Annual Report: Number of Chinese Studying Abroad Reaches Record High in 2016; More International Students in China Come from Countries along B&R. http://en.ccg.org.cn/html/events/3061.htmlGoogle Scholar
Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. (2016). Guanyu shenhua rencai fazhan tizhi jizhi gaige de yijian [Deepening reforms on the system and mechanism of talents’ development]. www.gov.cn/xinwen/2016-03/21/content_5056113.htmGoogle Scholar
Cheng, X. T. (2014). Guanyu dangqian yingyu jiaoyu zhengce tiaozheng de sikao [Some thoughts on the changes in English education policies]. Kecheng Jiaocai Jiaofa [Curriculum, Teaching Material and Method], 34(5), 58–64.Google Scholar
Dai, S. J. & Shi, X. P. (2015). Gaoxiao guopeijihua kecheng shezhi de sikao [On the curriculum design for the national training plan in universities]. Daxue Jiaoyu Kexue [University Education Science], (6), 68–73.Google Scholar
Dai, W. D. (2001). Waiyu jiaoxue de feishidixiao xianxiang [Time-consuming and inefficiency in foreign language teaching]. Waiyu yu Waiyu Jiaoxue [Foreign Languages and Their Teaching], (7), 1, 32.Google Scholar
Fong, E. T. Y. (2009). English in China: Some thoughts after the Beijing Olympics. English Today, 25(1), 44–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gao, Y. H. (2015). Toushe zhi pingmu yu fanguan zhi jingzi: Dui zhongguo yingyu jiaoyu sanshi nian lengre qingxu de sikao [A mirror for reflection vs. a screen for projection: A critical reflection of changing emotions in China’s English education for the past three decades]. Waiyu Jiaoxue Lilun yu Shijian [Foreign Language Learning Theory and Practice], (1), 1–7.Google Scholar
General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council. (2017). Guanyu shenhua zhicheng zhidu gaige de yijian [Deepening reforms on the professional title system]. www.gov.cn/xinwen/2017-01/08/content_5157911.htm#1Google Scholar
Guan, P. J. (2009).Woguo jiaoshi jiaoyu gaige kaifang sanshi nian de lichen, chengjiu yu jiben jingyan [The process, achievements and experience of China’s teacher education reform from 1978 to 2008]. Zhongguo Gaojiao Yanjiu [China Higher Education Research], (2), 3–11.Google Scholar
Hao, Y. & Sun, E. J. (2013). Zhongxiaoxue yingyu jiaoshi peixun xianzhuang tanxi: Wenti yu duice [The status quo of EFL teacher training at primary and secondary schools: Problems and countermeasures]. Waiyu Jiaoxue [Foreign Language Education], 34(2), 48–51.Google Scholar
Hu, W. Z., & Sun, Y. Z. (2006). Tuchu xueke tedian, jiaqiang renwen jiaoyu [On strengthening humanistic education in the English language curriculum]. Waiyu Jiaoxue yu Yanjiu [Foreign Language Teaching and Research], 38(5), 243–47, 319.Google Scholar
Huang, J. B., & Shao, Y. Z. (1998). Daxue yingyu jiaoxue gaige de chulu [The way out of college English teaching reform]. Waiyujie [Foreign Language World], (4), 20–2.Google Scholar
Jing, H. (1999). Yingyu jiaoxue shi hu shaobukai de shui? [Is English language teaching a kettle of lukewarm water which can never reach the point of boiling?]. Zhongguo Qingnianbao [China Youth Daily], 10 March.Google Scholar
Li, J. (2017). Xueyingyu minzhong zuiyou fuwu zhiliang ruhe baozheng xuandui jigou? [How to guarantee the institution right when learning English?]. Yangcheng Evening News, March 30. www.sohu.com/a/131153410_119778Google Scholar
Liao, W. & Yuan, R. (2017). Understand an emerging ‘failure’ of an equality oriented teacher policy in China: A job search perspective. International Journal of Educational Research, 81, 71–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liao, W. & Zhou, Y. S. (2020). Teacher education reform and national development in China (1978–2017): Four metaphors. In Fraser, J. W. & Lefty, L (Eds.), Teaching the World’s Teachers: A History, 1970–2017, 111–31. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Liu, D.Y. (2015). English curriculum development for schools in China: Tradition, reform, and innovation. In Liu, D. Y. & Wu, Z. Y. (Eds.), English Language Education in China: Past and Present, 62–116. Beijing: People’s Education Press.Google Scholar
Liu, Q. S. (2008). Gaige kaifang sanshinianlai woguo gaokao yingyuke de fazhan qingkuang [Development of the NMET over the past thirty years]. Kecheng Jiaocai Jiaofa [Curriculum, Teaching Material and Method], 28(4), 22–7.Google Scholar
Lu, Z. W. (2012). Waiyu Zhengce Yanjiu [Studies on Foreign Language Policy]. Beijing: Peking University Press.Google Scholar
MOE (Ministry of Education). (1999). Shenhua jiaoyu gaige, quanmian tuijin sushi jiaoyu de jueding [Deepening the Reform of Education and Boosting the Quality of Education]. http://old.moe.gov.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/moe/moe_177/200407/2478.htmlGoogle Scholar
MOE (Ministry of Education) (2001). Quanrizhi Yiwu Jiaoyu Putong Gaoji Zhongxue Yingyu Kecheng Biaozhun (Shiyangao) [English Curriculum Standards for 9-year Compulsory Education and Senior High Schools (Experimental Edition)]. Beijing: Beijing Normal University Press.Google Scholar
MOE (Ministry of Education) (2007). Jiaoyubu zhishu shifan daxu shifansheng mianfei jiaoyu shishi banfa (shixing) [The Guidelines for Implementing Government-Funded Pre-service Teacher Education Programmes at the Normal Universities Affiliated to the Ministry of Education]. https://baike.baidu.com/item/教育部直属师范大学师范生免费教育实施办法%EF%BC%88试行%EF%BC%89/15482786?fr=aladdinMOEGoogle Scholar
MOE (Ministry of Education) (2014). Zhongguo Jiaoyu Tongji Nianjian [Educational Statistics Yearbook of China]. Beijing: People’s Education Press.Google Scholar
MOE (Ministry of Education) (2018). Putong Gaozhong Yingyu Kecheng Biaozhun (2017 nian ban) [English Curriculum Standards for Senior High Schools (2017 ed.)]. Beijing: People’s Education Press.Google Scholar
Oh, S. Y. (2018). China’s reform and opening: 40 years and counting. The Diplomat, 1 June. https://thediplomat.com/2018/06/chinas-reform-and-opening-40-years-and-counting/Google Scholar
Shang, Y. M. & Yu, S. (2017). Mianfei shifansheng jiaoyu shuoshi jiuye genzong diaocha yanjiu [A longitudinal survey study on employment of Masters of education from government funded normal students]. Zhongguo Qingnian Shehui Kexue [Journal of Chinese Youth Social Science], 36(6), 45–52.Google Scholar
Shen, X. (2018). Xinshidai yuyan peixue de tansuo yu sikao [Exploring language training in the new era]. Xibei Minzu Daxue Xuebao (Zhexue Shehui Kexue Ban) [Journal of Northwest Minzu University (Philosophy and Social Science)], (3), 140–146.Google Scholar
Sun, Y. Z. (2016). Waiyu jiaoyu yu kuawenhua nengli peiyang [Foreign language education and intercultural competence development]. Zhongguo Waiyu [Foreign Languages in China], 13(3), 1, 17–22.Google Scholar
Sun, Y. Z. (2017). Renwen yingyu jiaoyulun [Liberal English education]. Waiyu Jiaoxue yu Yanjiu [Foreign Language Teaching and Research], 49(6), 859–870.Google Scholar
Sun, Y. Z. & Bennett, J. (2017). Zouxiang kuawenhua jiaoyu: Sunyouzhong jiaoshou he Janet Bennett boshi xueshu duihua [Toward intercultural education: A dialog between Professor Sun Youzhong and Dr. Janet Bennett]. Waiyu yu Waiyu Jiaoxue [Foreign Languages and Their Teaching], (2), 1–8.Google Scholar
Teaching Advisory Committee for English Majors. (2000). Gaodeng Xuexiao Yingyu Zhuanye Yingyu Jiaoxue Dagang [The Teaching Syllabus for English Majors in Universities]. Beijing and Shanghai: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press and Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.Google Scholar
Tsui, A. B. M. & Wong, J. (2009). In search of a third space: Teacher development in Mainland China. In Chan, C. K. K. & Rao, N (Eds.), Revisiting the Chinese Learner: Changing Contexts, Changing Education, 281–311. Hong Kong: Comparative Education Research Centre, University of Hong Kong.Google Scholar
Wang, L. (2004). When English becomes big business. In Tam, K & Weiss, T (Eds.), English and Globalisation: Perspectives from Hong Kong and Mainland China, 149–168. Hong Kong: The Chinese University of Hong Kong.Google Scholar
Wang, Q. (2013). Shenhua gaige linian tisheng kecheng zhiliang: Jiedu yiwu jiaoyu yingyu kecheng biaozhun (2011 nian ban) [Deepening the curriculum reform, improving the quality of teaching: Interpreting the major changes of the English curriculum standards for compulsory education (2011 edition)]. Kecheng Jiaocai Jiaofa [Curriculum, Teaching Material and Method], 33(1), 34–40.Google Scholar
Wang, Q., & Zhang, H. (2015). Development of instructional approaches and methods: Diversity, selection, synthesis and applicability. In Liu, D. Y. & Wu, Z. Y. (Eds.), English Language Education in China: Past and Present, 177–218. Beijing: People’s Education Press.Google Scholar
Wang, Y. (2017). Why Chinese education companies are chasing U. S. teachers. Forbes, 29 August. www.forbes.com/sites/ywang/2017/08/29/why-chinese-education-companies-are-chasing-u-s-teachers/Google Scholar
Wen, Q. F. & Hu, W. Z. (2007). History and policy of English education in mainland China. In Choi, Y. H. & Spolsky, B (Eds.), English Education in Asia: History and Policies, 1–31. Seoul: Asia TEFL.Google Scholar
Wu, Y. A. (2017). Language education in China: Teaching foreign languages. In Sybesma, R (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Chinese Language and Linguistics, Vol. 2: De-Med, 515–527. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Zhang, H., Yuan, R. & Wang, Q. (2018). Toward an understanding of EFL teacher culture: An ethnographic study in China. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 24(4), 413–430.Google Scholar
Zhang, R. S. (1999). Dui gaoxiao kuozhao de jingjixue sikao [Economic thoughts on the enrollment expansion of universities]. Shanxi Caijing Daxue Xuebao [Journal of Shanxi Finance and Economics University], 21(6), 52–53.Google Scholar
Zhang, X. (2017). Shifansheng mianfei jiaoyu zhengce de shinian huigu yu zhanwang [A review and prospect of the free normal education policy over the past 10 years]. Guojia Jiaoyu Xingzheng Xueyuan Xuebao [Journal of National Academy of Education Administration], (8), 21–27.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×