This chapter provides an overview of the ethical, legal, and policy framework of the Republic of Korea applicable to research on human germline genome modification and of the political and social fundaments behind it. It introduces the legal system and describes specific laws and policies related to the research on human embryos including the Constitution and the Bioethics and Safety Act. The legal framework applicable to the modification of the human genome is subsequently presented going from basic research to clinical application. The final part of our text critically reviews the implications of technological advancements in this field for legal reform, including the possibility of integrating solutions from international human rights instruments to develop a more progressive, yet responsible, national regulatory framework to human germline genome modification.