Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-9pm4c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-27T06:52:41.024Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Bibliography

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 December 2021

Davide Rodogno
Affiliation:
Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Night on Earth
A History of International Humanitarianism in the Near East, 1918–1930
, pp. 409 - 448
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abel, Emily K., Valuing care: Turn-of-the-century conflicts between charity workers and women clients, Journal of Women’s History, 10, 3, 1998, 3252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abel, Olivier, Brauman, Rony, Delmas-Marty, Mireille, Legros, Robert, Neschke, Ada, Goemaere, Quentin, and Ost, François, Humanité: Humanitaire (Brussels: Publications Facultés Universitaires Saint-Louis, 1998).Google Scholar
Abramson, Scott, Armenians, Lebanese: A distinctive community in the Armenian diaspora and in Lebanese society, Levantine Review, 2, 2, 2013, 188216.Google Scholar
Adams, David Wallace, Education for Extinction: American Indians and the Boarding School Experience 1875–1928 (Lawrence: University of Kansan Press, 1995).Google Scholar
Adas, Michael, Contested hegemony: The Great War and the Afro-Asian assault on the civilizing mission ideology, Journal of World History, 15, 1, 2004, 3163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adas, Michael, Dominance by Design: Technological Imperatives and America’s Civilizing Mission (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2006).Google Scholar
Adas, Michael, Machines as the Measure of Men: Science, Technology and Ideologies of Western Dominance (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1989).Google Scholar
Adkind, Carrie Pauline, “The Sacred Domain”: Women and the Transformation of Gynecology and Obstetrics in the United States (PhD dissertation, University of Oregon, 2013).Google Scholar
Ahmad, Salma, American foundations and the development of the social sciences between the wars: Comment on the debate between Martin Bulmer and Donald Fisher, Sociology, 25, 3, 1991, 511520.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
al-Qattan, Najwa, When mothers ate their children: Wartime memory and the language of food in Syria and Lebanon, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 46, 4, 2014, 719736.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alridge, Derrick P., Of Victorianism, civilizationism, and progressivism: The educational ideas of Anna Julia Cooper and W. E. B. Du Bois, 1892–1940, History of Education Quarterly, 47, 4, 2007, 416446.Google Scholar
Alston, Charlotte, and Laqua, Daniel, eds., Ideas, practices and histories of humanitarianism, Journal of Modern European History, 12, 2, 2014.Google Scholar
Ambrosius, Lloyd E., Wilsonian diplomacy and Armenia: The limits of power and ideology, in America and the Armenian Genocide of 1915, edited by Winter, Jay (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009), 113145.Google Scholar
Anderson, Eric, and Moss, Alfred A. Jr., Dangerous Donations: Northern Philanthropy and Southern Black Education, 1902–1930 (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1999).Google Scholar
Andresen, Astri, Barona, Josep L., and Cherry, Steven, eds., Making a New Countryside: Health Policies and Practices in European History ca. 1860–1950 (Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 2010).Google Scholar
Andrews, Naomi J., The romantic socialist origins of humanitarianism, Modern Intellectual History, 17, 3, 2019, 132.Google Scholar
Anghie, Antony, Imperialism, Sovereignty and the Making of International Law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004).Google Scholar
Antonovich, Jacqueline D., Medical Frontiers: Women Physicians and the Politics and Practice of Medicine in the American West, 1870–1930 (PhD dissertation, University of Michigan, 2018).Google Scholar
Apple, Rima D., Mothers and Medicine: A Social History of Infant Feeding 1890–1950 (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1987).Google Scholar
Apple, Rima D., Reaching Out to Mothers: Public Health and Child Welfare (Sheffield: EAHMH, Lecture Series, 5, 2002).Google Scholar
Arnoves, Robert F., ed., Philanthropy and Cultural Imperialism: The Foundations at Home and Abroad (Boston, MA: G. K. Hall, 1980).Google Scholar
Arsan, Andrew, The patriarch, the amir and the patriots: Civilisation and self-determination at the Paris Peace Conference, in The First World War and Its Aftermath: The Shaping of the Middle East, edited by Fraser, T. G. (London: Haus, 2015), 127145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arslanian, Artin H., British wartime pledges, 1917–18: The Armenian case, Journal of Contemporary History, 13, 1978, 517530.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Astourian, Stephan H., The silence of the land: Agrarian relations, ethnicity, and power, in A Question of Genocide, edited by Suny, R. G., Göçek, F. M., and Naimark, Norman M. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011), 5581.Google Scholar
Baciocchi, Stéphane, Les mondes de la charité se décrivent eux-mêmes: Une étude des repertoires charitables au XIXe et début du XXe siècle, Revue d’Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine, 61–63, 2014, 2866.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balinska, Marta, Assistance and not mere relief: The Epidemic Commission of the League of Nations, 1920–1923, in International Health Organisations and Movements, 1918–1939, edited by Weindling, Paul (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), 81108.Google Scholar
Balinska, Marta, For the Good of Humanity: Ludwik Rajchman Medical Statesman, translated by Rebecca Howell (Budapest: Central European University Press, 1998), 4161.Google Scholar
Bane, Suda L., and Lutz, Ralph H., eds., Organization of American Relief in Europe, 1918–1919 (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1943).Google Scholar
Barker, Kristin, Women physicians and the gendered system of professions: An analysis of the Sheppard–Towner Act of 1921, Work and Occupation, 25, 2, 1998, 229255.Google Scholar
Barnett, Laura, Global governance and the evolution of the international refugee regime, International Journal of Refugee Law, 14, 2–3, 2002, 238262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnett, Michael, Empire of Humanity: A History of Humanitarianism (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2011).Google Scholar
Barnett, Michael, Humanitarian governance, Annual Review of Political Science, 16, 2013, 379398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnett, Michael, International paternalism, Global Constitutionalism, 1, 3, 2012, 485521.Google Scholar
Barnett, Michael, and Weiss, Thomas G., Introduction. Humanitarianism: A brief history of the present, in Humanitarianism in Question: Politics, Power, Ethics, edited by Barnett, Michael and Weiss, Thomas G. (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2008), 148.Google Scholar
Baron, Nick, and Gatrell, Peter, Population displacement, state-building and social identity in the lands of the former Russian Empire, 1917–23, Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History, 4, 1, 2003, 51100.Google Scholar
Barona, Josep L., Health Policies in Interwar Europe: A Transnational Perspective (London: Routledge, 2019).Google Scholar
Barona, Josep L., Nutrition and health: The international context during the inter-war crisis, Social History of Medicine, 21, 1, 2008, 87105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barton, James, Status and Outlook of Missionary Work in Turkey: A Review of Conditions in the Near East (Boston, MA: ABCFM, 1924).Google Scholar
Bartov, Omer, and Weitz, Eric D., eds., Shatterzone of Empires: Coexistence and Violence in the German, Habsburg, Russian and Ottoman Borderlands (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2013).Google Scholar
Bauer, Yehuda, My Brother’s Keeper: A History of the American Jewish Distribution Committee, 1929–1939 (Philadelphia, PA: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1974).Google Scholar
Baughan, Emily, “Every citizen of empire implored to save the children!” Empire, internationalism and the Save the Children Fund in inter-war Britain, Historical Research, 86, 231, 2012, 116137.Google Scholar
Baughan, Emily, The Imperial War Relief Fund and the All British Appeal: Commonwealth, conflict and conservatism within the British humanitarian movement, 1920–1925, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 40, 5, 2012, 845861.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baughan, Emily, and Fiori, Juliano, Save the Children, the humanitarian project, and the politics of solidarity: Reviving Dorothy Buxton’s vision, Disasters, 39, s2, 2015, s129s145.Google Scholar
Becker, Annette, Oubliés de la Grande Guerre. Humanitaire et Culture de Guerre (1914–1918): Populations Occupées, Déportés Civils, Prisonniers de Guerre (Paris: Hachette, 1998).Google Scholar
Bederman, Gail, Manliness and Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the United States, 1880–1917 (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1995).Google Scholar
Belliard, Corinne, Émancipation des Femmes à l’Épreuve de la Philanthropie: La Charity Organisation Society et l’Office Central des Oeuvres de Bienfaisance en France du XIXe Siècle jusqu’à la Guerre de 1914 (PhD dissertation, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, 2004).Google Scholar
Bellingham, Bruce, and Mathis, Mary Pugh, Race, citizenship, and the bio-politics of the maternalist welfare state: “Traditional” midwifery in the American South under the Sheppard–Towner Act, 1921–29, Social Politics, 1, 2, 1994, 159189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berenstein, M., The Levant states under French mandate and problems of emigration and immigration, International Labour Review, 33, 1936, 685720.Google Scholar
Berger, Stefan, and Scalmer, Sean, eds., The Transnational Activist: Transformations and Comparisons from the Anglo-World since the Nineteenth Century (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berkovitch, Nitza, From Motherhood to Citizenship: Women’s Rights and International Organizations (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999).Google Scholar
Berman, Edward H., American influence on African education: The role of the Phelps-Stokes Fund’s education commissions, Comparative Education Review, 15, 2, 1971, 132145.Google Scholar
Berman, Edward H., The Influence of the Carnegie, Ford and Rockefeller Foundations on American Foreign Policy: The Ideology of Philanthropy (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1983).Google Scholar
Berman, Edward H., Tuskegee-in-Africa, Journal of Negro Education, 48, 2, 1972, 99112.Google Scholar
Bertrams, Kenneth, De l’action humanitaire à la recherche scientifique: Belgique, 1914–1930, in L’Argent de l’Influence: Les Fondations Américaine et Leurs Réseaux Européens, edited by Tournès, Ludovic (Paris: Autrement, 2010), 4160.Google Scholar
Betts, Alexander, and Collier, Paul, Help refugees help themselves: Let displaced Syrians join the market, Foreign Affairs, November–December 2015, 84–92.Google Scholar
Betts, Paul, Universalism and its discontents: Humanity as a twentieth-century concept, in Humanity: A History of European Concepts in Practice from the Sixteenth Century to the Present, edited by Klose, Fabian and Thulin, Mirjam (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, 2017), 5170.Google Scholar
Biesta, Gert J. J., and Miedema, Siebren, Dewey in Europe: A case study on the international dimensions of the turn-of-the-century educational reform, American Journal of Education, 105, 1, 1996, 126.Google Scholar
Billington Harper, Susan, Mary Louise Graffam: Witness to genocide, in Americans and the Armenian Genocide, edited by Winter, J. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 214239.Google Scholar
Birn, Anne-Emanuelle, “No more surprising than a broken pitcher”? Maternal and child health in the early years of the Pan American Sanitary Bureau, Canadian Bulletin of Medical History, 19, 2002, 1746.Google Scholar
Bjørnlund, Matthias, The Aleppo Protocols: Histories of the Armenian Genocide, April 2014, online.Google Scholar
Bjørnlund, Matthias, “A fate worse than dying”: Sexual violence during the Armenian genocide, in Brutality and Desire: War and Sexuality in Europe’s Twentieth Century, edited by Herzog, Dagmar (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009), 1658.Google Scholar
Bjørnlund, Matthias, Karen Jeppe, Aage Meyer Benedictsen and the Ottoman Armenians: National survival in imperial and colonial settings, Haigazian Armenological Review, 28, 2008, 943.Google Scholar
Bloxham, Donald, The roots of American genocide denial: Near Eastern geopolitics and the interwar Armenian question, Journal of Genocide Research, 8, 1, 2006, 2749.Google Scholar
Boissier, Pierre, Histoire du Comité International de la Croix-Rouge, de Solferino à Tsoushima (Paris: Plon, 1963).Google Scholar
Boltanski, Luc, Distant Suffering: Morality, Media and Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999).Google Scholar
Bonner, Michael, Ener, Mine, and Singer, Amy, eds., Poverty and Charity in Middle Eastern Contexts (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2003).Google Scholar
Bonneuil, Christophe, Development as experiment: Science and state building in late colonial and postcolonial Africa, 1930–1970, Osiris, 15, 2000, 258281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borowy, Iris, Coming to Terms with World Health: The League of Nations Health Organisation 1921–1946 (Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2009).Google Scholar
Borowy, Iris, Crisis as opportunity: International health work during the economic depression, Dynamis, 28, 2008, 2951.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Borowy, Iris, International social medicine between the wars: Positioning a volatile concept, Hygiea Intemationalis, 6, 2, 2007, 1335.Google Scholar
Borton, John, and Davey, Eleanor, History and practitioners: The use of history by humanitarians and potential benefits of history to the humanitarian sector, in The Impact of History? Histories at the Beginning of the 21st Century, edited by Pinto, Pedro Ramos and Taithe, Bertrand (London: Abingdon, 2015), 153168.Google Scholar
Bowden, Brett, Civilization and savagery in the crucible of war, Global Change, Peace & Security, 19, 1, 2007, 316.Google Scholar
Bowden, Brett, The Empire of Civilization: The Evolution of an Imperial Idea (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowpitt, Graham, Evangelical Christianity, secular humanism, and the genesis of British social work, British Journal of Social Work, 28, 1998, 675693.Google Scholar
Boztemur, Recep, Religion and politics in the making of American Near East policy, 1918–1922, Journal for the Study of Religion and Ideologies, 11, 2005, 4560.Google Scholar
Bradley, Mark Philip, The World Reimagined: Americans and Human Rights in the Twentieth Century (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braster, Sjaak, The people, the poor, and the oppressed: The concept of popular education through time, Pedagogica Historica, 47, 1–2, 2011, 114.Google Scholar
Bremner, Robert H., American Philanthropy (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1960).Google Scholar
Bremner, Robert H., From the Depths: The Discovery of Poverty in the United States (New York: New York University Press, 1964).Google Scholar
Bretherton, Luke, Poverty, politics, and faithful witness in the age of humanitarianism, Journal of Bible and Theology, 69, 4, 2015, 447459.Google Scholar
Brown, E. Richard, Public health in imperialism: Early Rockefeller programs at home and abroad, American Journal of Public Health, 66, 9, 1976, 897903.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, Theodore M., and Birn, Anne-Emanuelle, The making of health internationalists, in Comrades in Health: U.S. Health Internationalists, Abroad and at Home, edited by Birn, Anne-Emanuelle and Brown, Theodore M. (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2013), 1543.Google Scholar
Brückweh, Kerstin, Schumann, Dirk, Wetzell, Richard F., and Ziemann, Benjamin, eds., Engineering Society: The Role of the Human and Social Sciences in Modern Societies, 1880–1980 (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012).Google Scholar
Bryson, Thomas A., Admiral Mark L. Bristol, an open-door diplomat in Turkey, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 5, 4, 1974, 450467.Google Scholar
Bu, Liping, International activism and comparative education: Pioneering efforts of the International Institute of Teachers College, Columbia University, Comparative Education Review, 41, 4, 1997, 413434.Google Scholar
Buckingham, Clyde E., For Humanity’s Sake: The Story of the Early Development of the League of Red Cross Societies (Washington, DC: Public Affairs Press, 1964).Google Scholar
Buignon, François, Le Comité International de la Croix-Rouge et la Protection des Victimes de la Guerre (Geneva: CICR, 2000).Google Scholar
Burbank, Jane, and Cooper, Frederick, Empires after 1919: Old, new, transformed, Foreign Affairs, 95, 1, 2019, 81100.Google Scholar
Cabanes, Bruno, The Great War and the Origins of Humanitarianism, 1918–1924 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014).Google Scholar
Caestecker, Frank, Les réfugiés et l’etat en Europe occidental pendant le XIXe et XXe Siècles, Mouvement Sociale, 225, 4, 2008, 926.Google Scholar
Calhoun, Craig, The imperative to reduce suffering: Charity, progress, and emergencies in the field of humanitarian action, in Humanitarianism in Question: Politics, Power, Ethics, edited by Barnett, Michael and Weiss, Thomas G. (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2008), 7398.Google Scholar
Calhoun, Craig, Juergensmeyer, Mark, and van Antwerpen, Jonathan, eds., Rethinking Secularism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011).Google Scholar
Carden-Coyne, Ana, Reconstructing the Body: Classicism, Modernism, and the First World War (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carmichael, Cathie, Genocide before the Holocaust (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2009).Google Scholar
Carson, Mina, Settlement Folk: Social Thought and the American Settlement Movement, 1885–1930 (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1990).Google Scholar
Case, Holly, Reconstruction in East-Central Europe: Clearing the rubble of Cold War politics, Past & Present, 2011, Supplement 6, 71102.Google Scholar
Cassimatis, Louis P., American Influence in Greece 1917–1929 (Kent: Ohio University Press, 1998).Google Scholar
Challiss, R. J., Phelps-Stokesism and education in Zimbabwe, Zambezia, 11, 2, 1983, 109125.Google Scholar
Chaumont, Jean-Michel, La disqualification sélective des sources: Introduction à la pratique de la malhonnêteté intellectuelle, Recherches Sociologiques et Anthropologiques, January–June 2008, 71–86.Google Scholar
Chaumont, Jean-Michel, Le Mythe de la Traite des Blanches: Enquête sur la Fabrication d’un Fléau (Paris: La Découverte, 2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chin, Carol G., Beneficent imperialists: American women missionaries in China at the turn of the twentieth century, Diplomatic History, 27, 3, 2003, 327352.Google Scholar
Chinyaeva, Elena, Russian emigrés: Czechoslovak refugee policy and the development of the international refugee regime between the two world wars, Journal of Refugee Studies, 8, 2, 1995, 142163.Google Scholar
Chomsky, Noam, Humanitarian imperialism: The new doctrine of imperial right, Monthly Review, 60, 4, 2008, 2250.Google Scholar
Chouliaraki, Lilie, The Ironic Spectator: Solidarity in the Age of Post-Humanitarianism (Cambridge: Polity, 2013).Google Scholar
Chouliaraki, Lilie, The Spectatorship of Suffering (London: Sage, 2006).Google Scholar
Clark, Bruce, Twice a Stranger: The Mass Expulsions That Forged Modern Greece and Turkey (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006).Google Scholar
Clavin, Patricia, Defining transnationalism, Contemporary European History, 14, 5, 2005, 421440.Google Scholar
Clavin, Patricia, Time, manner, place: Writing modern European history in global, transnational and international contexts, European History Quarterly, 40, 2010, 624640.Google Scholar
Cleland, Robert Glass, A History of Phelps Dodge, 1834–1950 (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1952), http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.$b92169.Google Scholar
Cohen, G. Daniel, Between relief and politics: Refugee humanitarianism in occupied Germany, 1945–1946, Journal of Contemporary History, 43, 3, 2008, 437449.Google Scholar
Cohen, Michael R., A scientific humanitarian and a humanitarian scientist: Lee Kaufer Frankel and American Jewish philanthropy, 1899–1931, American Jewish History, 97, 3, 2013, 207233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooper, Frederick, Development, modernization, and the social sciences in the era of decolonization: The examples of British and French Africa, Revue d’Histoire des Sciences Humaines, 10, 1, 2004, 938.Google Scholar
Cooper, Frederick, Modernizing bureaucrats, backward Africans, and the development concept, in International Development and the Social Sciences: Essays on the History and Politics of Knowledge, edited by Cooper, Frederick and Packard, Randall (Berkeley: California University Press, 1998), 6492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooper, Frederick, Writing the history of development, Journal of Modern European History, 8, 1, 2010, 538.Google Scholar
Cooper, Frederick, and Packard, Randall, International Development and the Social Sciences: Essays on the History and Politics of Knowledge (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997).Google Scholar
Coulzot, Etienne, and Burnier, George, Les Secours en Syrie, Revue Internationale de la Croix-Rouge, 86, 1926, 94104.Google Scholar
Cox, Mary Elisabeth, Hunger in War and Peace: Women and Children in Germany, 1914–1924 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cueto, Marcos, ed., Missionaries of Science: The Rockefeller Foundation and Latin America (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1994).Google Scholar
Cullather, Nick, Research note: Development? It’s history, Diplomatic History, 24, 4, 2000, 641653.Google Scholar
Curti, Merle, American Philanthropy Abroad (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1963).Google Scholar
Curtis, Heather D., Depicting distant suffering: Evangelicals and the politics of pictorial humanitarianism in the age of American empire, Material Religion, 8, 2, 2015, 153182.Google Scholar
Curtis, Heather D., Holy Humanitarians: American Evangelicals and Global Aid (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018).Google Scholar
d’Andurain, Julie, Un proconsulat en trompe-l’oeil: Le general Henri Gouraud en Syrie (1919–1923), Revue Historique, 685, 1, 2018, 99122.Google Scholar
Dal Lago, Enrico, and O’Sullivan, Kevin, Introduction: Towards a new history of humanitarianism, Moving the Social: Journal of Social History and History of Social Movements, 57, 2017, 520.Google Scholar
Damosh, Mona, International Harvester, the U.S. South and the makings of international development in the early 20th century, Political Geography, 49, 2015, 1729.Google Scholar
Damosh, Mona, Practising development at home: Race, gender, and the “development” of the American South, Antipode, 47, 4, 2015, 915941.Google Scholar
Daniel, Robert L., American Philanthropy in the Near East 1820–1960 (Athens: Ohio University Press, 1970).Google Scholar
Daniel, Robert L., The Armenian question and American–Turkish relations, 1919–1924, Mississippi Valley Historical Review, 46, 1959, 252275.Google Scholar
Daniel, Robert L., From Relief to Technical Assistance in the Near East. A Case Study: Near East Relief and Near East Foundation (PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin, 1953).Google Scholar
Daniel, Robert L., The United States and the Turkish Republic before World War II, the cultural dimension, Middle East Journal, 21, 1, 1967, 5263.Google Scholar
David, Thomas, and Etemad, Bouda, Un impérialisme suisse?, Traverse, 46, 2, 1998, 716.Google Scholar
David, Thomas, Heiniger, Alix, and Bülhman, Felix, Geneva’s philanthropists around 1900: A field made of distinctive but interconnected groups, Continuity and Change, 31, 1, 2016, 127159.Google Scholar
Davies, Thomas, NGOs: A New History of Transnational Civil Society (London: Hurst, 2013).Google Scholar
Davin, Anna, Imperialism and motherhood, History Workshop, 5, 1978, 965.Google Scholar
Dawley, Alan, Changing the World: American Progressivism in War and Revolution (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Courtois, Sébastien, Le génocide oublié: chrétiens d’orient, les derniers Araméens (Paris: Ellipses, 2002).Google Scholar
de Gontaut-Biron, R., Comment la France s’est installée en Syrie, 1918–1919 (Paris: Plon, 1922), 83100.Google Scholar
De Waal, Alex, Famine Crimes: Politics and the Disaster Relief Industry in Africa (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997).Google Scholar
Dennis, Michael, Schooling along the color line: Progressives and the education of Blacks in the New South, Journal of Negro Education, 67, 2, 1998, 142156.Google Scholar
Der Matossian, Bedross, The Armenians of Palestine 1918–48, Journal of Palestine Studies, 41, 1, 2011, 2444.Google Scholar
Devens, Carol, “If we get the girls, we get the race”: Missionary education of Native American girls, Journal of Women’s History, 3, 2, 1992, 219237.Google Scholar
Dezalay, Yves, Les courtiers de l’international: Héritiers cosmopolites, mercenaires de l’Impérialisme et missionnaires de l’universel, Actes de la Recherche en Sciences Sociales, 151–152, 1, 2004, 435.Google Scholar
Dickenmann, Joel, The white man’s burden: Imperial formulation of educational policy in Northern Rhodesia, Pardee Periodical Journal of Global Affairs, 2, 1, 2017, 6176.Google Scholar
Dickran, Karekin, Maria Jacobsen and the genocide in Armenia, Danish Peace Academy, 2004 www.fredsakademiet.dk/library/karekin/ukmaria.htmGoogle Scholar
Dodge, Phyllis B., Tales of the Phelps-Dodge Family: A Chronicle of Five Generations (New York: New-York Historical Society, 1987).Google Scholar
Doğan, Mehmet Ali, and Sharkey, Heather J., eds., American Missionaries and the Middle East. Foundational Encounters (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2011).Google Scholar
Domosh, Mona, Practising development at home: Race, gender, and the “development” of the American South, Antipode, 47, 4, 2015, 915941.Google Scholar
Doumanis, Nicholas, Before the Nation: Muslim–Christian Coexistence and Its Destruction in Late-Ottoman Anatolia (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012).Google Scholar
Doumanis, Nicholas, Peasants into nationals: Violence, war, and the making of Turks and Greeks, 1912–1922, in Totalitarian Dictatorship: New Histories, edited by Baratieri, Daniela, Edele, Mark, and Finaldi, Giuseppe (London: Routledge, 2014), 172190.Google Scholar
Drachman, Virginia, Hospital with a Heart: Women Doctors and the Paradox of Separatism at the New England Hospital, 1862–1966 (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1984).Google Scholar
Dragostinova, Theodora, Navigating nationality in the emigration of minorities between Bulgaria and Greece, 1919–1941, East European Politics and Societies, 23, 2, 2009, 185212.Google Scholar
Droux, Joëlle, From inter-agency concurrences to transnational collaborations: The ILO contribution to child welfare issues during the interwar years, in Kott, Sandrine and Droux, Joëlle, eds., Globalizing Social Rights: The International Labour Organization and Beyond (Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan, 2013), 262279.Google Scholar
Droux, Joëlle, L’internationalisation de la protection de l’enfance: acteurs, concurrences et projets transnationaux (1900–1925), Critique Internationale, 52, 3, 2011, 1733.Google Scholar
Droux, Joëlle, La tectonique des causes humanitaires: Concurrences et collaborations autour du Comité de Protection de l’Enfance de la Société des Nations (1880–1940), Relations Internationales, 151, 2012, 7790.Google Scholar
Druelle-Korn, Clotilde, Food for Democracy? Le ravitaillement de la France occupée (1914–1919): Herbert Hoover, le blocus, les neutres et les alliés (Brussels: Peter Lang, 2018).Google Scholar
Dueck, Jennifer M., Flourishing in exile: French missionaries in Syrian and Lebanon under mandate rule, in In God’s Empire: French Missionaries and the Modern World, edited by White, Owen and Daughton, J. P. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012), 151172.Google Scholar
Duffield, Mark, Getting savages to fight barbarians: Development, security and the colonial present, Conflict, Security and Development, 5, 2, 2005, 141159.Google Scholar
Duffield, Mark, Global Governance and the New Wars: The Merging of Development and Security (New York: Zed Books, 2001).Google Scholar
Duffield, Mark, Governing the borderlands: Decoding the power of aid, Disasters, 25, 4, 2001, 308320.Google Scholar
Duffield, Mark, Social reconstruction and the radicalization of development: Aid as a relation of global liberal governance, Development and Change, 33, 5, 2002, 10491071.Google Scholar
Dündar, Fuat, When did the First World War end for Turkey?, Revue des Mondes Musulmans et de la Méditerranée, 141, 2017, 114.Google Scholar
Dworkin, Gerald, Paternalism, The Monist, 56, 1972, 6484.Google Scholar
Edmonds, Penelope, and Johnston, Anna, Empire, humanitarianism and violence in the colonies, Special Issue, Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History, 17, 1, 2016.Google Scholar
Edmondson, Charles M., An inquiry into the termination of Soviet famine relief programmes and the renewal of grain export, Soviet Studies, 3, 3, 1981, 370385.Google Scholar
Ekbladh, David, The Great American Mission: Modernization and the Construction of an American World Order, 1914 to the Present (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2010).Google Scholar
Ekmekçioğlu, Lerna, A climate for abduction, a climate for redemption: The politics of inclusion during and after the Armenian genocide, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 55, 3, 2013, 522553.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ekmekçioğlu, Lerna, Recovering Armenia: The Limits of Belonging in Post-Genocide Turkey (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2015).Google Scholar
El-Eini, Roza I. M., Mandated Landscape: British Imperial Rule in Palestine, 1929–1948 (London: Routledge, 2006).Google Scholar
Erken, Ali, The making of politics and trained intelligence in the Near East: Robert College of Istanbul, European Review of History: Revue Européenne d’Histoire, 23, 3, 2016, 554571.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eroğlu Memiş, Şerife, Between Ottomanization and local networks: appointment registers as archival sources for Waqf studies. The case of Jerusalem’s Maghariba neighborhood, in Open Jerusalem 1840–1940: Opening New Archives, Revisiting a Global City, edited by Delachanis, Angelos and Lemire, Vincent (Leiden: Brill, 2018), 7599.Google Scholar
Erpelding, Michel, La notion de civilisation dans la pratique conventionnelle des etats aux XIXe et XXe siècles, Droits, 66, 2017, 3756.Google Scholar
Escobar, Arturo, The Making and Unmaking of the Third World (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995).Google Scholar
Ewence, Hannah, and Grace, Tim, eds., Minorities and the First World War: From War to Peace (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017).Google Scholar
Farley, John, To Cast Out Dysease: A History of the International Health Division of the Rockefeller Foundation (1913–1951) (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004).Google Scholar
Fassin, Didier, Humanitarian Reason: A Moral History of the Present (Berkeley: California University Press, 2012).Google Scholar
Fear-Segal, Jacqueline, White Man’s Club: Schools Race and the Struggle of Indian Acculturation (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2007).Google Scholar
Fee, Elizabeth, Disease and Discovery: A History of the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health 1916–1939 (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987).Google Scholar
Fehrenbach, Heide, Children and other civilians, in Humanitarian Photography: A History, edited by Fehrenbach, Heide and Rodogno, Davide (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015), 165199.Google Scholar
Fehrenbach, Heide, and Rodogno, Davide, “A horrific photo of a drowned Syrian child”: Humanitarian photography and NGO media strategies in historical perspective, International Review of the Red Cross, 97, 900, 2015, 11211155.Google Scholar
Fehrenbach, Heide, and Rodogno, Davide, Humanitarian Photography: A History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015).Google Scholar
Feldman, Egal, Prostitution, the alien woman and the progressive imagination, 1910–1914, American Quarterly, 19, 2, 1967, 192206.Google Scholar
Feldman, Ilana, and Ticktin, Miriam, Introduction: Government and humanity, in In the Name of Humanity: The Government of Threat and Care, edited by Feldman, Ilana and Ticktin, Miriam (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2010), 527.Google Scholar
Fenkel, Miriam, and Lev, Yaacov, Charity and Giving in Monotheistic Religions (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2009).Google Scholar
Ferris, Elizabeth, Faith and humanitarianism: It’s complicated, Journal of Refugee Studies, 24, 3, 2011, 606625.Google Scholar
Ferris, Elizabeth, Faith-based and secular humanitarian organizations, International Review of the Red Cross, 87, 858, 2005, 311325.Google Scholar
Fink, Carole, Defending the Rights of Others: The Great Powers, the Jews, and International Minority Protection (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004).Google Scholar
Fisch, Jörg, Internationalizing civilization by dissolving international society: The status of non-European territories in nineteenth-century international law, in Mechanics of Internationalism: Culture, Society, and Politics from the 1840s to the First World War, edited by Geyer, Martin and Paulmann, Johannes (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), 235258.Google Scholar
Fischer-Tiné, Harald, and Gehrmann, Susanne, eds., Empires and Boundaries: Rethinking Race, Class, and Gender in Colonial Setting (London: Routledge, 2009).Google Scholar
Fisher, Christopher T., “Moral purpose is the important thing”: David Lilienthal, Iran, and the meaning of development in the US, 1956–63, International History Review, 33, 3, 2011, 431451.Google Scholar
Fisher, Donald, The Role of the philanthropic foundations in the reproduction and production of hegemony: Rockefeller Foundations and the social sciences, Sociology, 17, 2, 1983, 206233.Google Scholar
Flaskerud, Ingvild, and Okkenhaug, Inger Marie, eds., Gender, Religion and Change in the Middle East: Two Hundred Years of History (Oxford: Berg, 2005).Google Scholar
Fleischmann, Ellen L., The impact of American Protestant missions in Lebanon on the construction of female identity, c. 1860–1950, Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations, 13, 4, 2002, 411425.Google Scholar
Fleischmann, Ellen, Living in an “isle of safety”: The Sidon female seminary in World War I and the constraints of compassion, Jerusalem Quarterly, 56–57, 2014, 4051.Google Scholar
Fleischmann, Ellen L., “Our Muslim sisters”: Women of Greater Syria in the eyes of American Protestant missionary women, Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations, 9, 4, 1998, 307323.Google Scholar
Foglesong, David S., The American Mission and the “Evil Empire”: The Crusade for a “Free Russia” since 1881 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007).Google Scholar
Forbes, John, The Quaker Star under Seven Flags, 1917–1927 (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1962).Google Scholar
Forsythe, David P., The Humanitarians: The International Committee of the Red Cross (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005).Google Scholar
Forsythe, David P., The International Red Cross: Decentralization and its effects, Human Rights Quarterly, 40, 1, 2018, 6190.Google Scholar
Fortna, Benjamin, Imperial Classroom: Islam, the State, and Education in the Late Ottoman Empire (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002).Google Scholar
Foster, Zachary J., The 1915 locust attack in Syria and Palestine and its role in the famine during the First World War, Middle East Studies, 51, 3, 2015, 370394.Google Scholar
Frank, Matthew, Expelling the Germans: British Opinion and Post-1945 Population Transfer in Context (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008).Google Scholar
Frank, Matthew, Making Minorities History: Population Transfer in Twentieth Century Europe (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017).Google Scholar
Freeden, Michael, Liberal Languages: Ideological Imaginations and Twentieth-Century Progressive Thought (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005).Google Scholar
Freeman, Kathleen, If Any Man Build: The History of the Save the Children Fund (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1965).Google Scholar
Friedman, Lawrence J., and McGarvie, Mark D., eds., Charity, Philanthropy and Civility in American History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003).Google Scholar
Furniss, Jamie, and Meier, Daniel, La laïc et le religieux dans l’action humanitaire, A Contrario, Revue Interdisciplinaire de Sciences Sociales, 18, 2012, 736.Google Scholar
Gal, John, and Ajzenstadt, Mimi, The long path from a soup kitchen to a welfare state in Israel, Journal of Policy History, 25, 2, 2013, 240263.Google Scholar
Gatrell, Peter, Displacing and re-placing population in the two world wars: Armenia and Poland compared, Contemporary European History, 16, 4, 2007, 511527.Google Scholar
Gatrell, Peter, Introduction: World wars and population displacement in Europe in the twentieth century, Contemporary European History, 16, 4, 2007, 415426.Google Scholar
Gatrell, Peter, The Making of the Modern Refugee (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013).Google Scholar
Gatrell, Peter, Minorities in and at war: Exposure, persecution, reaction, in Nations, Identities and the First World War: Shifting Loyalties to the Fatherland, edited by Wouters, Nico and va Ypersele, Laurence (London: Bloomsbury, 2018), 177196.Google Scholar
Gatrell, Peter, A Whole Empire Walking: Refugees in Russia during World War I (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2005).Google Scholar
Gatrell, Peter, Gill, Rebecca, Little, Branden, and Piller, Elisabeth, Discussion: Humanitarianism, 1914–1918-online, in International Encyclopedia of the First World War, edited by Daniel, Ute, Gatrell, Peter, Janz, Oliver, Jones, Heather, Keene, Jennifer, Kramer, Alan, and Nasson, Bill (Berlin: Freie Universität Berlin, 2017), 122.Google Scholar
Gaunt, David, Massacres, Resistance, Protection: Muslim–Christian Relations in Eastern Anatolia during World War I (London: Gorgias Press, 2006).Google Scholar
Gay, George I., The Commission for Relief in Belgium: Statistical Review of Relief Operations (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1925).Google Scholar
Gehri, Maurice, Mission d’Enquête en Anatolie, 12–22 mai 1921, Revue Internationale de la Croix-Rouge et Bulletin international des Sociétés de la Croix-Rouge, 31, 3, 1921, 721735.Google Scholar
Gerwarth, Robert, and Manela, Erez, The Great War as global war: Imperial conflict and the reconfiguration of world order, 1911–1923, Diplomatic History, 38, 4, 2014, 786800.Google Scholar
Gerwarth, Robert, and Üngör, Uğur Ümit, The collapse of the Ottoman and Habsburg Empires and the brutalisation of the successor states, Journal of Modern European History, 13, 2, 2015, 226251.Google Scholar
Giannakopoulos, Georgios, A British international humanitarianism? Humanitarian interventions in Eastern Europe (1875–1906), Journal of Modern Greek Studies, 34, 2, 2016, 299320.Google Scholar
Giannakopoulos, Georgeos, Internationalism between national questions and imperial considerations: Henry Noel Brailsford and the transformations of Central and Eastern Europe (1898–1919), History of European Ideas, 2017, 1–17 (online).Google Scholar
Giannakopoulos, Georgios, A world safe for empires? A. J. Toynbee and the internationalization of self-determination in the East (1912–1922), Global Intellectual History, online, September 25, 2018.Google Scholar
Giannuli, Dimitra, American Philanthropy in Action: the American Red Cross in Greece, 1918–1923, East European Politics and Societies, 1995, 10, 108134.Google Scholar
Giannuli, Dimitra, Greeks or “strangers at home”: The experience of Ottoman Greek refugees during their exodus to Greece, 1922–1923, Journal of Modern Greek Studies, 13, 2, 1995, 271287.Google Scholar
Giannuli, Dimitra, “Repeated disappointment”: The Rockefeller Foundation and the reform of the Greek public health system, 1929–1940, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 72, 1, 1998, 4772.Google Scholar
Gil-Har, Yitzhak, Boundaries delimitation: Palestine and Trans-Jordan, Middle East Studies, 36, 1, 2000, 6881.Google Scholar
Gill, Rebecca, Calculating Compassion: Humanity and Relief in War, Britain 1870–1914 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2013).Google Scholar
Gill, Rebecca, “Now I have seen evil, and I cannot be silent about it”: Arnold J. Toynbee and his encounters with atrocity, 1915–1923, in Evil, Barbarism and Empire: Britain and Abroad, c. 1830–2000, edited by Gill, Rebecca, Crook, Tom, and Taithe, Bertrand (London: Macmillan, 2011), 172200.Google Scholar
Gillespie, James A., International organizations and the problem of child health, 1945–1960, Dynamis, Acta Hispanica ad Medicinae Scientiariumque Historiam Illustrandam, 23, 2003, 115142.Google Scholar
Gingeras, Ryan, Sorrowful Shores: Violence, Ethnicity, and the End of the Ottoman Empire 1912–1923 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009).Google Scholar
Ginio, Eyal, Paving the way for ethnic cleansing: Eastern Thrace during the Balkan Wars (1912−1913) and their aftermath, in Shatterzone of Empires: Coexistence and Violence in the German, Habsburg, Russian, and Ottoman Borderlands, edited by Bartov, Omer and Weitz, Eric D. (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2013), 283297.Google Scholar
Ginzberg, Lori D., Women and the Work of Benevolence: Morality, Politics, and Class in the Nineteenth-Century United States (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1990)Google Scholar
Glanville, Luke, The antecedents of “sovereignty as responsibility,” European Journal of International Relations, 17, 2, 2010, 233255.Google Scholar
Gökay, Bülent, Turkish settlement and the Caucasus, 1918–20, Middle East Studies, 32, 2, 1996, 4576.Google Scholar
Göle, Nilüfer, The Forbidden Modern: Civilization and Veiling (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1996).Google Scholar
Gordon, Linda, Black and white visions of welfare: Women’s welfare activism, 1890–1945, Journal of American History, 78, 1991, 559590.Google Scholar
Gordon, Linda, Pitied but Not Entitled: Single Mothers and the History of Welfare, 1890–1935 (New York: Free Press, 1994).Google Scholar
Gorman, Daniel, Empire, internationalism and the campaign against the traffic in women and children in the 1920s, Twentieth Century British History, 19, 2, 2008, 186216.Google Scholar
Gorman, Daniel, The Emergence of International Society (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012).Google Scholar
Gorvin, J. H., Soviet Russia: Some observations, Journal of the British Institute of International Affairs, 5, 2, 1926, 6178.Google Scholar
Gousseff, Catherine, L’Exil Russe 1920–1939: La Fabrique du Réfugié Apatride (Paris: CNRS Éditions, 2008).Google Scholar
Grabill, Joseph L., Protestant Diplomacy and the Near East: Missionary Influence on American Policy, 1810–1927 (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1971).Google Scholar
Gram-Skjoldager, Karen, and Ikonomou, Haakon A., Making sense of the League of Nations Secretariat: Historiographical and conceptual reflections on early international public administration, European History Quarterly, 49, 3, 2019, 420444.Google Scholar
Granick, Jaclyn, Humanitarian Responses to Jewish Suffering Abroad by American Jewish Organizations, 1914–1929 (PhD dissertation, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, 2015).Google Scholar
Grant, Kevin, Anti-slavery, refugee relief, and the missionary origins of humanitarian photography ca. 1900–1960, History Compass, 15, 5, e12383, 2017, 124.Google Scholar
Grant, Kevin, A Civilised Savagery: Britain and the New Slaveries in Africa, 1884–1926 (London: Routledge, 2005).Google Scholar
Grant, Kevin, Levine, Philippa, and Trentmann, Frank, Introduction, in Beyond Sovereignty: Britain, Empire, and Transnationalism, c. 1880–1950, edited by Grant, Kevin, Levine, Philippa, and Trentmann, Frank (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007), 28.Google Scholar
Grantham, Dewey W., The regional imagination: Social scientists and the American South, Journal of Southern History, 34, 1, 1968, 332.Google Scholar
Gratien, Chris, The sick mandate of Europe: Local and global humanitarianism in French Cilicia, 1918–1922, Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association, 3, 1, 2016, 165190.Google Scholar
Grayzel, Susan R., and Proctor, Tammy M., Introduction, in Gender and the Great War, edited by Grayzel, Susan R. and Proctor, Tammy M. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017).Google Scholar
Green, Abigail, Humanitarianism in nineteenth-century context: Religious, gendered, national, Historical Journal, 57, 2014, 11571175.Google Scholar
Green, Reginald Herbold, and Ahmed, Ismail I., Rehabilitation, sustainable peace and development: Towards reconceptualisation, Third World Quarterly, 20, 1, 1999, 189206.Google Scholar
Greenberg, Ela, Preparing the Mothers of Tomorrow: Education and Islam in Mandate Palestine (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2010).Google Scholar
Greenshields, Thomas Hugh, The Settlement of Armenian Refugees in Syria and Lebanon, 1915–1939 (PhD dissertation, Durham University, 1978).Google Scholar
Greenwood, John Ormerod, Quaker Encounters: vol. 1: Friends and Relief (York: William Sessions, 1975).Google Scholar
Guerzoni, Benedetta, Cancellare un popolo: Immagini e documenti del genocidio Armeno (Milan: Mimesis, 2013).Google Scholar
Gullace, Nicoletta, Sexual violence and family honor: British propaganda and international law during the First World War, American Historical Review, 102, 3 1997, 714747.Google Scholar
Haggard, Stephan, and Simmons, Beth A., Theories of international regimes, International Organization, 41, 3, 1987, 492517.Google Scholar
Hall, William H., The Near East: Crossroads of the World, with a final chapter by James L. Barton (New York: Educational Department of ABCFM, 1920).Google Scholar
Hall, William H., ed., Reconstruction in Turkey: A Series of Reports compiled for the American Committee of Armenian and Syrian Relief (For Private Distribution Only, 1918).Google Scholar
Hamilton, Edwin, and Asiedu, Koina, Vocational-technical education in tropical Africa, Journal of Negro Education, 56, 3, 1987, 338355.Google Scholar
Hammack, David C., A center of intelligence for the charity organization movement: The foundation’s early years, in Social Science in the Making: Essays on the Russell Sage Foundation, 1907–1972, edited by Hammack, David C. and Wheeler, Stanton (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1995), 133.Google Scholar
Hapgood, David, Charles R. Crane: The Man Who Bet on People (Washington, DC: Institute of Current World Affairs, 2000).Google Scholar
Haskell, Thomas, L., Capitalism and the origins of the humanitarian sensibility, parts 1 and 2, American Historical Review, 90, 2, 1985, 336–361, and 90, 3, 1985, 547566.Google Scholar
Hathaway, James C., The evolution of refugee status in international law: 1920–1950, International Comparative Law Quarterly, 33, 1984, 348380.Google Scholar
Hewa, Soma, The Protestant ethic and Rockefeller benevolence: The religious impulse in American philanthropy, Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 27, 4, 2001, 419452.Google Scholar
Hilton, Matthew, and O’Sullivan, Kevin, eds., Humanitarianisms in context: Histories of non-state actors, from the local to the global, European Review of History: Revue Européenne d’Histoire, 23, 1–2, 2016.Google Scholar
Himmelfarb, Gertrude, The De-Moralization of Society: From Victorian Virtues to Modern Values (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1995).Google Scholar
Himmelfarb, Gertrude, Poverty and Compassion: The Moral Imagination of the Late Victorians (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1991).Google Scholar
Hirschon, Renée, The creation of a community: Well-being without wealth in an urban refugee locality, in Reconstructing Livelihoods, edited by Cernea, Michael M. and McDowell, Christopher (Washington, DC: World Bank, 1998), 393411.Google Scholar
Hirschon, Renée, ed., Crossing the Aegean: An Appraisal of the 1923 Compulsory Population Exchange between Greece and Turkey (New York: Berghahn, 2003).Google Scholar
Hirschon, Renée, Heirs of the Greek Catastrophe: The Social Life of Asia Minor Refugees in Piraeus (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989).Google Scholar
Hitchcock, William I., World War I and the humanitarian impulse, Tocqueville Review, 35, 2, 2014, 145163.Google Scholar
Hobson, John M., The Eurocentric Conception of World Politics: Western International Theory, 1760–2010 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012).Google Scholar
Hodge, Joseph Morgan, Writing the history of development, Part 1: The first wave, Humanity, 6, 4, 2015, 429463.Google Scholar
Hodge, Joseph Morgan, Writing the history of development, Part 2: Longer, deeper, wider, Humanity, 7, 1, 2016, 125174.Google Scholar
Hoffman, Stefan-Ludwig, ed., Human Rights in the Twentieth Century (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2011).Google Scholar
Hollinger, David A., Protestants Abroad: How Missionaries Tried to Change the World but Changed America (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2017).Google Scholar
Hoover, Herbert, Memoirs, vol. 1: Years of Adventure, 1874–1920 (New York: MacMillan, 1951).Google Scholar
Horton, George, The Blight of Asia (Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1926).Google Scholar
Housden, Martyn, White Russians crossing the Black Sea: Fridtjof Nansen, Constantinople and the first modern repatriation of refugees displaced by civil conflict, 1922–1923, Slavonic and East European Review, 88, 3, 2010, 495524.Google Scholar
Hovannisian, Richard G., Armenia and the Caucasus in the genesis of the Soviet–Turkish entente, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 4, 1973, 129147.Google Scholar
Hovannisian, Richard G., The Armenian genocide and US post-war commissions, in America and the Armenian Genocide of 1915, edited by Winter, Jay (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009), 257276.Google Scholar
Hovannisian, Richard G., Dimensions of democracy and authority in Caucasian Armenia, 1917–1920, Russian Review, 33, 1, 1974, 3749.Google Scholar
Hovannisian, Richard G., Genocide and independence, 1914–1921, in The Armenians: Past and Present in the Making of National Identity, edited by Herzig, Edmund and Kurkchiyan, Marina (London: Routledge, 2005), 89112.Google Scholar
Hovannisian, Richard G., The Republic of Armenia, 4 vols. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971–96).Google Scholar
Howland, C. P., Greece and her refugees, Foreign Affairs, 4, 4, 1926, 613623.Google Scholar
Hoy, Suellen, Chasing Dirt: The American Pursuit of Cleanliness (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995).Google Scholar
Humphreys, Robert, Poor Relief and Charity 1869–1945: The London Charity Organization Society (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2001).Google Scholar
Hutchinson, John F., Champions of Charity: War and the Rise of the Red Cross (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1996).Google Scholar
Hutchinson, John F., Disasters and the international order: Earthquakes, humanitarians, and the Ciraolo project, International History Review, 22, 1, 2000, 136, and 23, 2, 2001, 253–298.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, William R., Errand to the World: American Protestant Thought and Foreign Missions (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1993).Google Scholar
Hyers, Conrad, Prometheus and the problem of progress, Theology Today, 37, 3, 1980, 323334.Google Scholar
Immerwahr, Daniel, Thinking Small: The United States and the Lure of Community Development (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2015).Google Scholar
Iriye, Akira, The transnational turn, Diplomatic History, 31, 3, 2007, 373376.Google Scholar
Iriye, Akira, Goedde, Petra, and Hitchcock, William I., eds., The Human Rights Revolution: An International History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012).Google Scholar
Irwin, Julia F., Connected by calamity: The United States, the League of Red Cross Societies, and transnational disaster assistance after the First World War, Moving the Social: Journal of Social History and History of Social Movements, 57, 2017, 5776.Google Scholar
Irwin, Julia F., Making the World Safe: The American Red Cross and a Nation’s Humanitarian Awakening (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013).Google Scholar
Jackson, Simon, Compassion and connections: Feeding Beirut and assembling mandate rule in 1919, in The Routledge Handbook of the History of the Middle East Mandates, edited by Schayegh, Cyrus and Arsan, Andrew (London: Routledge, 2015), 6275.Google Scholar
Jackson, Simon, Transformative relief: Imperial humanitarianism and mandatory development in Syria-Lebanon, 1915–1925, Humanity, 8, 2, 2017, 247268.Google Scholar
Jackson, Simon, “What is Syria worth?” The Huvelin mission, economic expertise and the French project in the eastern Mediterranean, 1918–1922, Monde(s), 4, 2, 2013, 83103.Google Scholar
Jackson, Simon, and O’Malley, Alanna, Rocking on its hinges? The League of Nations, the United Nations and the new history of internationalism in the twentieth century, in The Institution of International Order: From the League of Nations to the United Nations, edited by Jackson, Simon and O’Malley, Alanna (London: Routledge, 2018), 122.Google Scholar
Jacobs, Margaret D., White Mother to a Dark Race: Settler Colonialism, Maternalism, and the Removal of Indigenous Children in the American West and Australia, 1880–1940 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2009).Google Scholar
Jacobson, Abigail, American “welfare politics”: American involvement in Jerusalem during World War I, Israel Studies, 18, 1, 2013, 5676.Google Scholar
Jacobson, Abigail, A city living through crisis: Jerusalem during World War I, British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 36, 1, 2009, 7392.Google Scholar
Jacobsen, Maria, Diaries of a Danish Missionary: Harpoot, 1907–1919, edited by Sarafian, A., translated by Vind, Kristen (London: Gomidas Institute, 2006).Google Scholar
Jacobson, Abigail, From Empire to Empire: Jerusalem between Ottoman and British Rule (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2011).Google Scholar
Jalabert, Louis, Un Peuple qui veut vivre: les Arméniens émigrés en Syrie et au Liban, Etudes: Revue catholique d’intérêt général, 217, October 5, 1933.Google Scholar
Jaquith, H. C., Development of social welfare activities in Greece, Social Service Review, 2, 2 (1928), 217233.Google Scholar
Jensen, Kimberly, “Neither head nor tail to the campaign”: Esther Pohl Lovejoy and the Oregon woman suffrage victory of 1912, Oregon Historical Quarterly, 108, 3, 2007, 350383.Google Scholar
Jensen, Kimberly, War, transnationalism and medical women’s activism: The Medical Women’s International Association and the Women’s Foundation for Health in the Aftermath of the First World War, Women’s History Review, 26, 2, 2017, 213228.Google Scholar
Jeppe, Karen, Misak: An Armenian Life, translated by Jonas Kauffeldt (London: Gomidas Institute, 2015).Google Scholar
Jerónimo, Miguel Bandeira, and Monteiro, Pedro, eds., Internationalism, Imperialism and the Formation of the Contemporary World: The Pasts of the Present (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018).Google Scholar
Jinks, Rebecca, “Marks hard to erase”: The troubled reclamation of “absorbed” Armenian women, 1919–1927, American Historical Review, 123, 1, 2018, 86123.Google Scholar
Johnson, Donald, W. E. B. DuBois, Thomas Jesse Jones and the struggle for social education, 1900–1930, Journal of Negro History, 85, 3, 2000, 7195.Google Scholar
Johnson, Karen, Uplifting the Women and the Race: The Educational Philosophies and Social Activism of Anna Julia Cooper and Nannie Helen Burroughs (New York: Garland, 2000).Google Scholar
Jones, Heather, International or transnational? Humanitarian action during the First World War, European Review of History: Revue Européenne d’Histoire, 16, 5, 2009, 697713.Google Scholar
Jones, Heather, The Great War: How 1914–18 changed the relationship between war and civilians, RUSI Journal, 159, 4, 2014, 8491.Google Scholar
Jones, Marian Moser, The American Red Cross from Clara Barton to the New Deal (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013).Google Scholar
Jones, Max, Sèbe, Berny, Strachan, John, Taithe, Bertrand, and Yeandle, Peter, Decolonising imperial heroes: Britain and France, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 42, 5, 2014, 787825.Google Scholar
Jones, Thomas Jesse, Education in Africa: A Study of East, Central, and South Africa by the Second African Commission, under the Auspices of the Phelps-Stokes Fund, in cooperation with the International Board (London: Phelps Stokes Fund, 1925).Google Scholar
Jones, Thomas Jesse, Education in Africa: A Study of West, South, and Equatorial Africa by the African Education Commission, under the Auspices of the Phelps-Stokes Fund and Foreign Mission Societies of North America and Europe (New York: Phelps Stokes Fund, 1922).Google Scholar
Jones, Thomas Jesse, Essentials of Civilization: A Study in Social Values (New York: Holt and Company, 1929).Google Scholar
Jones, Thomas Jesse, Negro Education: A Study of the Private and Higher Schools for Colored People in the United States, 2 vols. (Washington, DC: United States Bureau of Education in Cooperation with Phelps Stokes Fund, 1917).Google Scholar
Judt, Tony, Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945 (New York: Penguin Press, 2005).Google Scholar
Kahlenberg, Caroline, “The gospel of health”: American missionaries and the transformation of Ottoman/Turkish women’s bodies, 1890–1932, Gender & History, 28, 1, 2016, 150176.Google Scholar
Kaiser, Hilmar, The Armenians in Lebanon during the Armenian genocide, in Les arméniens du Liban: Des princesses et des réfugiés du passé à la communauté contemporaine, edited by Boudjikanian, Aïda (Beirut: Haigazian University and the Armenian Heritage Press, 2009), 3158.Google Scholar
Kaiser, Hilmar, with Luther and Eskijian, Nancy, At the Crossroads of Der Zor: Death, Survival, and Humanitarian Resistance in Aleppo, 1915–1917 (Tampa, FL: Signalman, 2017).Google Scholar
Kalbian, Vicken V., Photographic memories: The field hospital of Hafir-el-Auja and US–Ottoman relations, Jerusalem Quarterly, 63–64, 2015, 5471.Google Scholar
Kallaway, Peter, Welfare and education in British colonial Africa and South Africa during the 1930s and 1940s, Paedagogica Historica: International Journal of the History of Education, 41, 3, 2005, 337356.Google Scholar
Kaplan, Barry J., Reformers and charity: The abolition of public outdoor relief in New York City, 1870–1898, Social Service Review, 52, 2, 1978, 202214.Google Scholar
Karatani, Rieko, How history separated refugee and migrant regimes: In search of their institutional origins, International Journal of Refugee Law, 17, 3, 2005, 517541.Google Scholar
Karpielian-Churchill, Isabel, Armenian refugee women: The picture brides, 1920–1930, Journal of American Ethnic History, 12, 3, 1993, 329.Google Scholar
Kasaba, ResÇat, Izmir 1922: A port city unravels, in Modernity and Culture: From the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean, edited by Fawar, Leila Tarazi and Bayly, C. A. (New York: Columbia University Press, 2002), 205229.Google Scholar
Katz, Michael B., In the Shadow of the Poorhouse: A Social History of Welfare in America (New York: Basic Books, 1986).Google Scholar
Kauffeldt, Jonas, Danes, Orientalism and the Modern Middle East: Perspectives from the Nordic Periphery (PhD dissertation, Florida State University, 2006).Google Scholar
Kennedy, Kevin, The relationship between the military and humanitarian organizations in Operation Restore Hope, in Learning from Somalia: The Lessons of Armed Humanitarian Intervention, edited by Clarke, Walter and Herbst, Jeffrey (New York: Routledge, 1997), 99117.Google Scholar
Kerr, Stanley, The Lions of Marash: Personal Experiences with American Near East Relief, 1919–1922 (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1973).Google Scholar
Keshgegian, Flora A., “Starving Armenians”: The politics and ideology of humanitarian aid in the first decades of the twentieth century, in Humanitarian and Suffering: The Mobilization of Empathy, edited by Wilson, Richard Ashby and Brown, Richard D. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009), 140155.Google Scholar
Kévonian, Dzovinar, Photographie, génocide et transmission: l’exemple Arménien, Les Cahiers de la Shoah, 1, 8, 2004, 119149.Google Scholar
Kévonian, Dzovinar, Question des réfugiés, droits de l’homme: éléments d’un convergence pendant l’entre-deux-guerres, Matériaux pour l’Histoire de Notre Temps, 72, 2003, 4049.Google Scholar
Kévonian, Dzovinar, Réfugiés et Diplomatie Humanitaire: Les acteurs Européens et la Scène Proche-Orientale pendant l’Entre-Deux-Guerres (Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne, 2004).Google Scholar
Kévorkian, Raymond, Le génocide des Arméniens (Paris: Odile Jacob, 2006).Google Scholar
Kévorkian, Raymond, and Tachjian, Vahé, Un siècle d’histoire de l’Union Générale Arménienne de Bienfaisance, 2 vols. (Cairo: UGAB, 2006).Google Scholar
Kévorkian, Raymond H., Nordiguian, Lévon, and Tachjian, Vahé, eds., Les arméniens 1917–1939, la quête d’un refuge (Paris: Réunion des musées nationaux, 2007).Google Scholar
Khoury, Philip, Syria and the French Mandate (London: I. B. Tauris, 1987).Google Scholar
Kidd, Thomas S., American Christians and Islam: Evangelical Culture and Muslims from the Colonial Period to the Age of Terrorism (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2008).Google Scholar
Kieser, Hans-Lukas, Nearest East: American Millennialism and Mission to the Middle East (Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 2010).Google Scholar
Kind-Kovács, Friederike, The Great War, the child’s body and the American Red Cross, European Review of History: Revue Européenne d’Histoire, 23, 1–2, 2016, 3362.Google Scholar
King, Kenneth, Africa and the southern states of the U.S.A.: Notes on J. H. Oldham and American Negro education for Africans, Journal of African History, 10, 4, 1969, 659677.Google Scholar
King, Kenneth, Pan-Africanism and Education: A Study of Race Philanthropy and Education in the Southern States of America and East Africa (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971).Google Scholar
Kitromildes, Paschalis M., The Greek–Turkish population exchange, in Turkey in the Twentieth Century, edited by Zürcher, Erik J. (Berlin: Klaus-Schwarz-Verlag, 2008), 255270.Google Scholar
Kloppenberg, James T., Uncertain Victory: Social Democracy and Progressivism in European and American Thought, 1870–1920 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986).Google Scholar
Klose, Fabian, and Thulin, Mirjam, eds., Humanity: A History of European Concepts in Practice from the Sixteenth Century to the Present (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2017).Google Scholar
Kobiljski, Aleksandra Majstorac, Women students and the American University of Beirut from the 1920s to the 1940s, in Gender, Religion and Change in the Middle East: Two Hundred Years of History, edited by Okkenhaug, Inger Marie and Flaskerud, Ingvild (Oxford: Berg, 2005), 85102.Google Scholar
Kohler, Robert E., Science, foundations, and American universities in the 1920s, Osiris, 2nd series, 3, 1987, 135164.Google Scholar
Kontogiorgi, Elisabeth, Population Exchange in Greek Macedonia: The Rural Settlement of Refugees 1922–1930 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005).Google Scholar
Korkmaz, Ayşenur, At “home” away from “home”: The ex-Ottoman Armenian refugees and the limits of belonging in Soviet Armenia, Journal of Migration History, 6, 2020, 129150.Google Scholar
Koskenniemi, Martti, Gentle Civilizer of Nations: The Rise and Fall of International Law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002).Google Scholar
Kothari, Uma, Authority and expertise: The professionalization of international development and the ordering of dissent, Antipode, 37, 3, 2005, 425446.Google Scholar
Kott, Sandrine, and Droux, Joëlle, eds., Globalizing Social Rights: The International Labor Organization and Beyond (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013).Google Scholar
Kozma, Liat, Regulated brothels in mandatory Syria and Lebanon: Between the traffic in the women and the permanent mandate commission, in The League of Nations and Social Issues: Visions, Endeavors and Experiments, edited by Rodriguez, Magaly, Rodogno, Davide, and Kozma, Liat (New York: United Nations, 2016), 153166.Google Scholar
Kozma, Liat, Women’s migration for prostitution in the interwar Middle East and North Africa, Journal of Women’s History, 28, 2016, 93113.Google Scholar
Kramer, Alan, Dynamic of Destruction: Culture and Mass Killing in the First World War (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008).Google Scholar
Kunth, Anouche, Treading paths of violence: Displacements of bereft Armenian children in the aftermath of genocide, in Research Handbook on Child Migration, edited by Bhabha, Jacqueline, Kanics, Jyothi, and Hernández, Daniel Senovilla (Cheltenham: Edgar Elgar, 2018), 923.Google Scholar
Kunzel, Regina G., Fallen Women, Problem Girls: Unmarried Mothers and the Professionalization of Social Work, 1890–1945 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1993).Google Scholar
Kurasawa, Fuyuki, L’Humanitaire, manifestation du cosmopolitisme?, Sociologie et Sociétés, 44, 1, 2012, 217237.Google Scholar
Küster, Sybille, “Book learning” versus “adapted education”: The impact of Phelps-Stokesism on colonial education systems in Central Africa in the interwar period, Paedagogica Historica: International Journal of the History of Education, 43, 1, 2007, 7997.Google Scholar
Laderman, Charlie, Sharing the Burden: The Armenian Question, Humanitarian Intervention, and Anglo-Americans of Global Order (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020).Google Scholar
Lagemann, Ellen Condliffe, The Politics of Knowledge: The Carnegie Corporation, Philanthropy, and Public Policy (Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1989).Google Scholar
Laidlaw, Zoë, Investigating empire: Humanitarians, reform and the Commission of Eastern Enquiry, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 40, 5, 2012, 749768.Google Scholar
Langedijk, Vincent, From American South to Global South: The TVA’s experts and expertise, 1933–1998, in Work in Progress: Economy and Environment in the Hands of Experts, edited by Trentmann, F., Summ, A. B., and Rivera, M. (Munich: Oekom Verlag, 2018), 79101.Google Scholar
Laqua, Daniel, Inside the humanitarian cloud: Causes and motivations to help friends and strangers, Journal of Modern European History, 12, 2, 2014, 175186.Google Scholar
Laqua, Daniel, ed., Internationalism Reconfigured: Transnational Ideas and Movements between the World Wars (London: I. B. Tauris, 2011).Google Scholar
Laqua, Daniel, The tensions of internationalism: Transnational anti-slavery in the 1880s and 1890s, International History Review, 33, 4, 2011, 705726.Google Scholar
Laqueur, Thomas, Bodies, details and humanitarian narrative, in The New Cultural History, edited by Hunt, Lynn (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989), 176204.Google Scholar
Laqueur, Thomas, Mourning, pity, and the work of narrative in the making of “humanity,” in Humanitarianism and Suffering: The Mobilization of Empathy, edited by Wilson, Richard Ashby and Brown, Richard D. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009), 3157.Google Scholar
Laycock, Jo, Imagining Armenia: Orientalism, Ambiguity and Intervention, 1879–1925 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2009).Google Scholar
Laycock, Jo, Saving the remnant or building socialism? Transnational humanitarian relief in early Soviet Armenia, Moving the Social: Journal of Social History and History of Social Movements, 57, 2017, 7796.Google Scholar
Laycock, Jo, and Piana, Francesca, eds., Aid to Armenia: Humanitarianism and Intervention from the 1890s to the Present (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2020).Google Scholar
Lemarchand, Rene, ed., The Assyrian Genocide: A Tale of Oblivion and Denial, Forgotten Genocides: Oblivion, Denial, and Memory (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011).Google Scholar
Lemons, J. Stanley, Social feminism in the 1920s: Progressive women and industrial legislation, Labor History, 14, 1, 1973, 8391.Google Scholar
Leonard, Thomas C., Illiberal Reformers: Race, Eugenics and American Economics in the Progressive Era (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2016).Google Scholar
Leonards, Chris, and Randeraad, Nico, Transnational experts in social reform, 1840–1880, International Review of Social History, 55, 2, 2010, 215239.Google Scholar
Lester, Alan, and Dussart, Fae, Colonisation and the Origins of Humanitarian Governance: Protecting Aborigines across the Nineteenth-Century British Empire (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014).Google Scholar
Levermore, Charles Herbert, Samuel Train Dutton (New York: MacMillan, 1922).Google Scholar
Libson, Scott P., “Vibrating between hope and fear”: The European war and American Presbyterian foreign missions, Religions, 9, 205, 2018, 126.Google Scholar
Liebisch-Gümüş, Carolin, Embedded Turkification: Nation building and violence within the framework of the League of Nations, 1919–1937, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 52, 2, 2020, 229244.Google Scholar
Link, William A., The Paradox of Southern Progressivism 1880–1930 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1992).Google Scholar
Link, William A., Brown, David, and Bone, Martyn, eds., Creating Citizenship in the Nineteenth-Century South (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2013).Google Scholar
Litsios, Socrates, Selskar Gunn and China: The Rockefeller Foundation’s “other” approach to public health, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 79, 2, 2005, 295318.Google Scholar
Little, Branden, ed., Humanitarianism in the Era of the First World War, Special Issue, First World War Studies, 5, 1, 2014.Google Scholar
Littoz-Monnet, Annabelle, ed., The Politics of Expertise in International Organizations: How International Bureaucracies Use and Produce Knowledge (London: Routledge, 2017).Google Scholar
Loescher, Gil, Beyond Charity: International Cooperation and the Global Refugee Crisis (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993).Google Scholar
Loizos, Peter, Ottoman half-selves: Long-term perspectives on particular forced migrations, Journal of Refugee Studies, 12, 3, 1999, 237263.Google Scholar
Lomellini, Valentine, ed., The Rise of Bolshevism and Its Impact on the Interwar International Order (Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020).Google Scholar
Long, Katy, State, Nation, Citizen: Rethinking Repatriation, Working Paper 48, Refugee Studies Centre, 2008.Google Scholar
Long, Katy, When refugees stopped being migrants: Movement, labour and humanitarian protection, Migration Studies, 1, 1, 2013, 426.Google Scholar
Lovejoy, Esther, Democracy and health, Women’s Medical Journal, 29, 1919, 120121.Google Scholar
Low, Brian, “The hand that rocked the cradle”: A critical analysis of Rockefeller philanthropic funding, 1920–1960, Historical Studies in Education/Revue d’histoire de l’éducation, 16, 1, 2004, 3362.Google Scholar
Lowe, Gary R., and Reid, P. Nelson, eds., The Professionalization of Poverty: Social Work and the Poor in the Twentieth Century (New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1999).Google Scholar
Lowe, Kimberly, Humanitarianism and national sovereignty: Red Cross intervention on behalf of political prisoners in Soviet Russia, 1921–1923, Journal of Contemporary History, 49, 4, 2014, 652674.Google Scholar
Lust-Okar, Ellen Marie, Failure of collaboration: Armenian refugees in Syria, Middle East Studies, 32, 1, 1996, 5368.Google Scholar
Lydon, Jane, Photography, Humanitarianism, Empire (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).Google Scholar
Macfadyen, David, Davies, Michael D. V., Norah, Marilyn, and Burley, John, Eric Drummond and His Legacies (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019).Google Scholar
Macrì, Paolo, The American Friends Service Committee e il Soccorso Quacchero in Europa dalla Grande Guerra al 1923 (Lecce: Manni, 2013).Google Scholar
Mahood, Linda, Feminism and Voluntary Action: Eglantyne Jebb and Save the Children Fund, 1876–1928 (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009).Google Scholar
Mahood, Linda, and Satzewich, Vic, The Save the Children Fund and the Russian famine of 1921–23: Claims and counter-claims about feeding “Bolshevik” children, Journal of Historical Sociology, 22, 1, 2009, 5584.Google Scholar
Makdisi, Ussama, Artillery of Heaven: American Missionaries and the Failed Conversion of the Middle East (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2008).Google Scholar
Makdisi, Ussama, Reclaiming the land of the Bible: Missionaries, secularism, and evangelical modernity, American Historical Review, 102, 3, 1997, 680713.Google Scholar
Makita, Yoshiya, The alchemy of humanitarianism: The First World War, the Japanese Red Cross and the creation of an international public health order, First World War Studies, 5, 1, 2014, 117129.Google Scholar
Maksudyan, Nazan, Orphans and Destitute Children in the Late Ottoman Empire (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2014)Google Scholar
Maksudyan, Nazan, Agents or pawns? Nationalism and Ottoman children during the Great War, Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association, 3, 1, 2016, 139164.Google Scholar
Malkasian, Mark, The disintegration of the Armenian cause in the United States, 1918–1927, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 16, 3, 1984, 349365.Google Scholar
Malkki, Liisa H., Children, Humanity, and the infantilization of peace, in In the Name of Humanity: The Government of Threat and Care, edited by Feldman, Ilana and Ticktin, Miriam (Durham, NC: Duke University Press), 5885.Google Scholar
Malkki, Liisa H., The Need to Help: The Domestic Arts of International Humanitarianism (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2015).Google Scholar
Mamdani, Mahmood, Responsibility to protect or right to punish?, Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, 4, 1, 2010, 5367.Google Scholar
Mamdani, Mahmoud, Saviors and Survivors: Darfur, Politics, and the War on Terror (New York: Three Rivers Press, 2010).Google Scholar
Manela, Erez, The Wilsonian Moment: Self-Determination and the International Origins of Anticolonial Nationalism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007).Google Scholar
Manzo, Kate, An extension of colonialism? Development education, images and the media, Development Education Journal, 12, 2, 2006, 912.Google Scholar
Manzo, Kate, Imaging humanitarianism: NGO identity and the iconography of childhood, Antipode, 40, 4, 2008, 632657.Google Scholar
Markel, Howard, For the welfare of children: The origins of the relationship between US public health workers and pediatricians, American Journal of Public Health, 90, 2000, 893899.Google Scholar
Markel, Howard, Quarantine! European Jewish Immigrants and the New York City Epidemics of 1892 (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997).Google Scholar
Markel, Howard, and Minna Stern, Alexandra, Which face? Whose nation? Immigration, public health, and the construction of disease at America’s ports and borders, 1891–1928, American Behavioral Scientist, 42, 9, 1999, 13141331.Google Scholar
Marrus, Michael, The Unwanted: European Refugees in the Twentieth Century (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985)Google Scholar
Marshall, Dominique, Peace, war and the popularity of children’s rights in public opinion, 1919–1959: The League of Nations, the United Nations and the Save the Children International Union, in Children and War: An Anthology, edited by Marten, James (New York: New York University Press, 2002), 184199.Google Scholar
Marshall, Dominique, The rise of coordinated action for children in war and peace: Experts at the League of Nations, 1924–1945, in Shaping the Transnational Sphere: Experts, Networks and Issues from the 1840s to the 1930s, edited by Rodogno, Davide, Struck, Bernhard, and Vogel, Jakob (New York: Berghahn Books, 2015), 82108.Google Scholar
Matossian, Bedross Der, The genocide archives of the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem, Armenian Review, 53, 1–2, 2012, 1537.Google Scholar
Matz, Nele, Civilization and the mandates under the League of Nations as origins of trusteeship, Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law, 9, 2005, 4795.Google Scholar
Maul, Daniel, American Quakers, the emergence of international humanitarianism and the foundation of the American Friends Service Committee 1890–1920, in Dilemmas of Humanitarian Aid in the Twentieth Century, edited by Paulmann, Johannes (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016), 6390.Google Scholar
Mazlish, Bruce, Civilization and Its Contents (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2004).Google Scholar
Mazlish, Bruce, The Idea of Humanity in a Global Era (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009).Google Scholar
Mazower, Mark, The end of civilization and the rise of human rights: The mid-twentieth century disjuncture, in Human Rights in the Twentieth Century, edited by Hoffmann, Stefan-Ludwig (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011), 2944.Google Scholar
Mazower, Mark, The strange triumph of human rights, 1933–1950, Historical Journal, 47, 2, 2004, 379398.Google Scholar
Mazza, Roberto, Jerusalem during the First World War: Transition from Ottoman to British Rule 1914–1920 (PhD dissertation, SOAS University of London, 2007).Google Scholar
McClain, Charles, Of medicine, race, and American law: The bubonic plague outbreak of 1900, Law and Social Inquiry, 13, 1988, 447513.Google Scholar
McCune, Mary, Social workers in the Muskeljudentum: “Hadassah ladies,” “manly men” and the significance of gender in the American Zionist movement, 1912–1928, American Jewish History, 86, 2, 1998, 135165.Google Scholar
McNeill, William H., Arnold J. Toynbee: A Life (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989).Google Scholar
McTague, John J. Jr., The British military administration in Palestine 1917–1920, Journal of Palestine Studies, 7, 3, 1978, 5576.Google Scholar
Meigs, Marc, Optimism at Armageddon: Voices of American Participants in the First World War (Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan, 1997).Google Scholar
Mekel, Richard, Save the Babies: American Public Health Reform and the Prevention of Infant Mortality (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990).Google Scholar
Ment, David M., The American role in education in the Middle East: Ideology and experiment, 1920–1940, Paedagogica Historica, 47, 1–2, 2011, 173189.Google Scholar
Michel, Sonya, Children’s Interests/Mothers’ Rights: The Shaping of America’s Child Care Policy (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999).Google Scholar
Michel, Sonya, The limits of maternalism: Policies toward American wage-earning mothers during the Progressive Era, in Mothers of a New World: Maternalist Politics and the Origins of Welfare States, edited by Koven, Seth and Michel, Sony (New York: Routledge, 1993), 277320.Google Scholar
Miglio, Sarah, America’s Sacred Duty: Near East Relief and the Armenian Crisis, 1915–1930 (Sleepy Hollow, NY: Rockefeller Foundation, 2009).Google Scholar
Migliorino, Nicola, “Kulna Suriyyin”? The Armenian community and the state in contemporary Syria, Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée, 114–116 (December 2006), online.Google Scholar
Mitchell, Timothy, Rule of Experts: Egypt, Techno-Politics, Modernity (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001).Google Scholar
Moeller, Susan, Compassion Fatigue (London: Routledge, 1999).Google Scholar
Monroe, Paul, Western Education in Moslem Lands: Essays in Comparative Education: Republished Papers (New York: Teachers College Bureau of Publications, 1927).Google Scholar
Montgomery, A. E., The making of the Treaty of Sèvres of 10 August 1920, Historical Journal, 15, 4, 1972, 775787.Google Scholar
Morack, Ellinor, The Ottoman Greeks and the Great War, 1912−1922, in The World during the First World War, edited by Bley, Helmut and Kremers, Anorthe (Essen: Klartext Verlag, 2014), 215230.Google Scholar
Moranian, Suzanne E., The Armenian genocide and American missionary relief efforts, in Americans and the Armenian Genocide, edited by Winter, J. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 185213.Google Scholar
Morantz-Sanchez, Regina, Sympathy and Science: Women Physicians in American Medicine (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000).Google Scholar
More, Ellen S., The American Medical Women’s Association and the role of the woman physician, 1915–1990, Journal of the American Medical Women’s Association, 45, 5, 1990, 165180.Google Scholar
More, Ellen S., “A certain restless ambition”: Women physicians and Word War I, American Quarterly, 41, 4, 1989, 636660.Google Scholar
Morgenthau, Henry, An International Drama (London: Allen and Unwin, 1929).Google Scholar
Mott, John R., ed., The Moslem World of Today (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1925).Google Scholar
Mouradian, Khatchig, Genocide and humanitarian resistance in Ottoman Syria, 1915–1916, Etudes Arméniennes Contemporaines, 7, 2016, 87103.Google Scholar
Moyn, Samuel, The Last Utopia: Human Rights in History (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2010).Google Scholar
Murard, Lion, Atlantic crossings in the measurement of health, from US appraisals forms to the League of Nations’ health indices, in Medicine, the Market and Mass Media, edited by Berridge, V. and Loughlin, K. (London: Routledge, 2005), 1944.Google Scholar
Murard, Lion, Designs within disorder. International conferences on rural health care and the art of the local, 1931–39, in Shifting Boundaries of Public Health: Europe in the Twentieth Century, edited by Solomon, Susan Gross, Murard, Lion, and Zylberman, Patrick (Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press, 2008), 141175.Google Scholar
Naimark, Norman, Fires of Hatred: Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth-Century Europe (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001).Google Scholar
Nally, David, and Taylor, Stephen, The politics of self-help: The Rockefeller Foundation, philanthropy and the “long” green revolution, Political Geography, 30, 2015, 113.Google Scholar
Nansen, Fridtjof, Armenia and the Near East (London: Allen & Unwin, 1928).Google Scholar
Nash, George, The Life of Herbert Hoover, vol. 1: The Engineer, 1874–1914 (New York: W. W. Norton, 1983).Google Scholar
Nassibian, Akaby, Britain and the Armenian Question (London: Croom Helm, 1984).Google Scholar
Natale, Valerie, Angel Island: “Guardian of the Western Gate,” Prologue: Quarterly of the National Archives and Records Administration, 30, 2, 1998, 111.Google Scholar
Nercessian, Nora N., The City of Orphans: Relief Workers, Commissars and the “Builders of the New Armenia,” Alexandropol/Leninakan, 1919–1931 (Hollis, NH: Hollis Publishing, 2016).Google Scholar
Neuchterlein, James A., The dream of scientific liberalism: The new republic and American progressive thought, 1914–1920, Review of Politics, 42, 2, 1980, 167190.Google Scholar
Newman, Louise Michele, White Women’s Rights: The Racial Origins of Feminism in the United States (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999).Google Scholar
Nichols, J. Bruce, The Uneasy Alliance: Religion, Refugee Work and US Foreign Policy (New York: Oxford University Press, 1988).Google Scholar
Ninkovich, Frank, Global Dawn: The Cultural Foundation of American Internationalism 1865–1890 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009).Google Scholar
Ninkovich, Frank, The Rockefeller Foundation, China, and cultural change, Journal of American History, 70, 4, 1984, 799820.Google Scholar
Norris, Jacob, Land of Progress: Palestine in the Age of Colonial Development, 1905–1948 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013).Google Scholar
Nugent, David, Knowledge and empire: The social sciences and United States imperial expansion, Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power, 71, 1, 2010, 244.Google Scholar
O’Brien, Francis William, ed., Two Peacemakers in Paris: The Hoover–Wilson Post-Armistice Letters 1918–1920 (London: Texas A&M University Press, 1978).Google Scholar
Okkenhaug, Inger Marie, Christian missions in the Middle East and the Ottoman Balkans: Education, reform, and failed conversion, 1819–1967, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 47, 3, 2015, 593604.Google Scholar
Okkenhaug, Inger Marie, Refugees, relief and the restoration of a nation: Norwegian mission in the Armenian Republic, 1922–1925, in Protestant Missions and Local Encounters in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, edited by Nielssen, H., Okkenhaug, I. M., and Hestad Skeie, K. (Leiden: Brill, 2011), 207233.Google Scholar
Okkenhaug, Inger Marie, Religion, relief and humanitarian work among Armenian women refugees in mandatory Syria, 1927–1934, Scandinavian Journal of History, 40, 3, 2015, 432454.Google Scholar
Okkenhaug, Marie, and Sanchez-Summerer, Karène, Christian Missions and Humanitarianism in the Middle East (1850–1950) (Leiden: Brill, 2020).Google Scholar
Omolewa, Michael, Educating the “native”: A study of the education adaptation strategy in British Colonial Africa, 1910–1936, Journal of African American History, 91, 3, 2006, 267287.Google Scholar
Osterhammel, Jürgen, “Technical cooperation” between the League of Nations and China, Modern Asian Studies, 13, 4, 1979, 661680.Google Scholar
Özsu, Umut, “A thoroughly bad and vicious solution”: Humanitarianism, the World Court, and the modern origins of populations transfer, London Review of International Law, 1, 1, 2013, 99127.Google Scholar
Özsu, Umut, Formalizing Displacement: international Law and Population Transfers (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015).Google Scholar
Palmieri, Daniel, Humanitarianism on the screen: The ICRC films, 1921–1965, in Humanitarianism and the Media 1900 to the Present, edited by Paulmann, Johannes (New York: Berghahn Books, 2019), 90106.Google Scholar
Panken, Jaffa, “Lest they perish”: The Armenian Genocide and the Making of Modern Humanitarian Media in the U.S., 1915–1925 (PhD thesis, University of Pennsylvania, 2014).Google Scholar
Papian, Ara, The Arbitral Award on Turkish–Armenian boundary by Woodrow Wilson (historical background, legal aspects, and international dimensions), Iran and the Caucasus, 11, 2, 2007, 255294.Google Scholar
Parmar, Inderjeet, Foundations of the American Century: The Ford, Carnegie, and Rockefeller Foundations in the Rise of American Power (New York: Columbia University Press, 2012).Google Scholar
Parmelee, Maurice, The rise of modern humanitarianism, American Journal of Sociology, 21, 3, 1915, 345359.Google Scholar
Patel, Kiran Klaus, The New Deal: A Global History (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2016).Google Scholar
Patel, Kiran Klaus, “Transnations” among “transnations”? The debate on transnational history in the United States and Germany, Center for European Studies Working Paper Series, 159, 2008.Google Scholar
Patenaude, Bertrand, The Big Show in Bololand: The American Relief Expedition to Soviet Russia in the Famine of 1921 (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2002).Google Scholar
Patrick, Andrew, America’s Forgotten Middle East Initiative: The King–Crane Commission of 1919 (London: I. B. Tauris, 2015).Google Scholar
Paulmann, Johannes, Conjunctures in the history of international humanitarian aid during the twentieth century, Humanity: An International Journal of Human Rights, Humanitarianism, and Development, 4, 2, 2013, 215238.Google Scholar
Paulmann, Johannes, Humanity – humanitarian reason – imperial humanitarianism: European concepts in practice, in Humanity: A History of European Concepts in Practice from the Sixteenth Century to the Present, edited by Klose, Fabian and Thulin, Mirjam (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2017), 287312.Google Scholar
Payaslian, Simon, United States Policy towards the Armenian Question and the Armenian Genocide (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005).Google Scholar
Pedersen, Susan, The Guardians (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015).Google Scholar
Pemberton, Jo-Anne Claire, The so-called right of civilisation in European colonial ideology, 16th to 20th Centuries, Journal of the History of International Law, 15, 2013, 2552.Google Scholar
Pendas, Devin O., Toward a new politics? On the recent historiography of human rights, Contemporary European History, 21, 1, 2012, 95111.Google Scholar
Pentzopoulos, Dimitri, The Balkan Exchange of Minorities and Its Impact on Greece (Paris: Mouton, 1962).Google Scholar
Perkins, James, The Congo of Europe: The Balkans and empire in early twentieth-century British political culture, Historical Journal, 58, 2, 2015, 565587.Google Scholar
Piana, Francesca, L’humanitaire d’après-guerre: Prisonniers de guerre et réfugiés russes dans la politique du Comité International de la Croix Rouge et de la Société des Nations, Relations Internationales, 151, 3, 2012, 6375.Google Scholar
Piana, Francesca, Maternalism and feminism in medical aid: The American Women’s Hospitals in the United States and in Greece, 1917–1941, in Gendering Global Humanitarianism in the Twentieth Century, edited by Möller, Esther, Paulmann, Johannes, and Stornig, Katharina (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020), 85114.Google Scholar
Piana, Francesca, Towards the International Refugee Regime: Humanitarianism in the Wake of the First World War (PhD dissertation, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, 2012).Google Scholar
Pieterse, Jan Nederveen, Dilemmas of development discourse: The crisis of developmentalism and the comparative method, Development and Change, 22, 1991, 529.Google Scholar
Pincham, Linda B., A league of willing workers: The impact of northern philanthropy, Virginia Estelle Randolph and the Jeanes teachers in early twentieth-century Virginia, Journal of Negro Education, 74, 2, 2005, 112123.Google Scholar
Pitts, Graham Auman, Fallow Fields. Famine and the Making of Lebanon (PhD dissertation, Georgetown University, 2016).Google Scholar
Pitts, Graham Auman. “Les rendre odieux dans tous les pays arabes”: La France et la famine au Liban 1914–1918, Les Cahiers d’Orient, 119, 2015, 3347.Google Scholar
Porter, Stephen R., Benevolent Empire: U.S. Power, Humanitarianism and the World’s Dispossessed (Philadelphia: Pennsylvania University Press, 2017).Google Scholar
Powell, Julie M., Making “The case against the ‘reds’”: Racializing communism, 1919–1920, in Historicizing Fear: Ignorance, Vilification and Othering, edited by Boyce, Travis D. and Chunnu, Winsome M. (Denver: University of Colorado Press, 2019).Google Scholar
Proctor, Tammy M., An American enterprise? British participation in US food relief programmes (1914–1923), First World War Studies, 5, 1, 2014, 2942.Google Scholar
Proctor, Tammy M., Civilians in a World at War, 1914–1918 (New York: New York University Press, 2010).Google Scholar
Prott, Volker, The Politics of Self-Determination: Remaking Territories and National Identities in Europe, 1917–1923 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016).Google Scholar
Provence, Michael, The Last Ottoman Generation and the Making of the Modern Middle East (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017).Google Scholar
Purtschert, Patricia, and Fischer-Tiné, Harald, Colonial Switzerland: Rethinking Colonialism from the Margins (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015).Google Scholar
Quintaneiro, Tânia, The concept of figuration or configuration in Norbert Elias’ sociological theory, Teoria & Sociedade, 12, 1, 2004, 5469.Google Scholar
Quist, Hubert O., Transferred and adapted models of secondary education in Ghana: What implications for national development?, Revue Internationale de l’Education, 49, 5, 2003, 411431.Google Scholar
Rachmilewitz, Moshe, Medical education in emerging society, Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 42, 9, 1966, 731741.Google Scholar
Raider, Mark A., The aristocrat and the democrat: Louis Marshall, Stephen S. Wise, and the challenge of American Jewish leadership, American Jewish History, 94, 1–2, 2008, 91113.Google Scholar
Rawlinson, A., Adventures in the Near East (New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1924).Google Scholar
Reeves-Ellington, Barbara, Domestic Frontiers: Gender, Reform, and American Interventions in the Ottoman Balkans and the Near East (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2013).Google Scholar
Reeves-Ellington, Barbara, Kish Sklar, Kathryn, and Shemo, Connie A., eds., Competing Kingdoms: Women, Mission, Nation, and the American Protestant Empire, 1812–1960 (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2010).Google Scholar
Reinisch, Jessica, Internationalism in relief: The birth (and death) of UNRRA, Past & Present, 2011, Supplement 6, 258289.Google Scholar
Reinisch, Jessica, Introduction: Relief in the aftermath of war, Journal of Contemporary History, 43, 3, 2008, 371404.Google Scholar
Richards, George L., ed., The Medical Work of the Near East Relief: A Review of Its Accomplishments in Asia Minor and the Caucasus during 1919–1920 (New York: Near East Relief, 1923), https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951002092824n&view=1up&seq=3Google Scholar
Rieff, David, A Bed for the Night: Humanitarianism in Crisis (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2002).Google Scholar
Ring, Natalie, The Problem South: Region, Empire and the New Liberal State, 1880–1930 (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2012).Google Scholar
Robson, Laura, Colonialism and Christianity in Mandate Palestine (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2011).Google Scholar
Robson, Laura, Refugees and the case for international authority in the Middle East: The League of Nations and the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestinian Refugees in the Near East compared, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 49, 2017, 625644.Google Scholar
Robson, Laura, States of Separation: Transfer, Partition, and the Making of the Modern Middle East (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2017).Google Scholar
Rodgers, Daniel, Atlantic Crossings: Social Politics in a Progressive Age (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998).Google Scholar
Rodogno, Davide, Against Massacre: Humanitarian Interventions in the Ottoman Empire, 1815–1914 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2012).Google Scholar
Rodogno, Davide, The American Red Cross and the International Committee of the Red Cross: Humanitarian politics and policies in Asia Minor and Greece (1922–1923), First World War Studies, 5, 1, 2014, 8399.Google Scholar
Rodogno, Davide, European legal doctrines on intervention and the status of the Ottoman Empire within the “family of nations” throughout the Nineteenth Century, Journal of the History of International Law, 18, 2016, 137.Google Scholar
Rodríguez Garcia, Magaly, La Société des Nations face à la traite des femmes et au travail sexuel à l’échelle mondiale, Le Mouvement Social, 241, 4, 2012, 109129.Google Scholar
Roepstorff, Kristina, A call for critical reflection on the localisation agenda in humanitarian action, Third World Quarterly, 41, 2, 2019, 284301.Google Scholar
Rooke, P. T., and Schnell, R. L., “Uncramping child life”: International children’s organizations, 1914–1939, in International Health Organisations and Movements, 1918–1939, edited by Weindeling, Paul (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), 176202.Google Scholar
Rosenberg, Emily S., Financial Missionaries to the World: The Politics and Culture of Dollar Diplomacy, 1900–1930 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999).Google Scholar
Rosenberg, Emily S., Missions to the world: Philanthropy abroad, in Charity, Philanthropy and Civility in American History, edited by Friedman, Lawrence and McGarvie, Mark (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 241258.Google Scholar
Rosner, David, Health care for the “truly needy”: Nineteenth-century origins of the concept, Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly. Health and Society, 60, 3, 1982, 355385.Google Scholar
Ross, Emory, The role of Christian missions in education and development in dependent territories, Journal of Negro Education, 15, 3, 1946, 319335.Google Scholar
Rossinelli, Fabio, Geografia associativa e imperialismo svizzero: Il caso di Ginevra (1858–1914), Geostorie, 21, 3, 2013, 199214.Google Scholar
Rowe, Victoria, Armenian refugees in Aleppo, Humanitarian efforts and survival strategies: 1915–1930, Chronos, 19, 2019, 3556.Google Scholar
Rowe, Victoria, Armenian women refugees at the end of empire: Strategies of survival, in Refugees and the End of Empire. Imperial Collapse and Forced Migration in the Twentieth Century, edited by Panayi, Panikos and Virdee, Pippa (London: Palgrave, 2011), 152174.Google Scholar
Rozario, Kevin, “Delicious horrors”: Mass culture, the Red Cross, and the appeal of modern American humanitarianism, American Quarterly, 55, 3, 2003, 417455.Google Scholar
Ruddell, David, Class and race: Neglected determinants of colonial “adapted education” policies, Comparative Education, 18, 3, 1982, 293303.Google Scholar
Rupp, Leila, Worlds of Women: The Making of an International Women’s Movement (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997).Google Scholar
Sackley, Nicole, The village as Cold War site: Experts, development, and the history of rural reconstruction, Journal of Global History, 6, 2011, 481504.Google Scholar
Salvatici, Silvia, “Help the people to help themselves”: UNRRA relief workers and European displaced persons, Journal of Refugee Studies, 25, 3, 2012, 428451.Google Scholar
Salvatici, Silvia, Nel nome degli altri: Storia dell’Umanitarismo Internazionale (Bologna: Il Mulino, 2015).Google Scholar
Sarafian, Ara, The absorption of Armenian women and children into Muslim households as a structural component of the Armenian genocide, in In God’s Name: Genocide and Religion in the Twentieth Century, edited by Bartov, Omer and Mack, Phyllis (New York: Berghahn, 2001), 209221.Google Scholar
Sasson, Tehila, From empire to humanity: The Russian famine and the imperial origins of international humanitarianism, Journal of British Studies, 55, 3, 2016, 519537.Google Scholar
Satia, Priya, Guarding the guardians: Payoffs and perils, Humanity: An International Journal of Human Rights, Humanitarianism, and Development, 7, 3, 2016, 481498.Google Scholar
Saunier, Pierre-Yves, Learning by doing: Notes about the making of the Palgrave Dictionary of Transnational History, Journal of Modern European History, 6, 2, 2008, 159180.Google Scholar
Saunier, Pierre-Yves, Transnational History (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013).Google Scholar
Schäfer, Axel R., Britain, Europe and the critique of capitalism in American reform 1880–1920, in Critiques of Capital in Modern Britain and America: Transatlantic Exchanges 1800 to the Present Day, edited by Bevir, Mark and Trentmann, Frank (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002), 98126.Google Scholar
Schatkowski Schilcher, Linda, The famine of 1915–1918 in Greater Syria, in Problems of the Modern Middle East in Historical Perspective: Essays in Honour of Albert Hourani, edited by Spagnolo, John (Reading: Ithaca Press, 1992), 229258.Google Scholar
Schayegh, Cyrus, Imperial and transnational developmentalisms: Middle Eastern interplays, 1880s–1960s, in The Development Century: A Global History, edited by Macekura, Stephen J. and Manela, Erez (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019), 6182.Google Scholar
Schayegh, Cyrus, The interwar germination of development and modernization theory and practice: Politics, institution building, and knowledge production between the Rockefeller Foundation and the American University of Beirut, Geschichte und Gesellschaft, 41, 2015, s. 649684.Google Scholar
Schemper, Lukas, Humanity Unprepared: International Organization and the Management of Natural Disaster (1921–1991) (PhD dissertation, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, 2016).Google Scholar
Schemper, Lukas, Transnational expertise on natural disasters and international organizations: Historical perspectives from the interwar period, in Transnational Expertise: Internal Cohesion and External Recognition of Expert Groups, edited by Lahusen, Christian, Kaiser, Robert, Henrich-Franke, Christian, and Schneiker, Andrea (Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2018), 2954.Google Scholar
Schlemmer, R., Mission en Syrie, Revue Internationale de la Croix-Rouge, 85, 1926, 115.Google Scholar
Schoultz, Lars, In Their Own Best Interest: A History of the U.S. Effort to Improve Latin Americans (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018).Google Scholar
Schwantes, Carlos A., Vision and Enterprise: Exploring the History of Phelps Dodge Corporation (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2000).Google Scholar
Scott, Daryl Michael, White supremacy and the question of black citizenship in the post-Emancipation South, in Creating Citizenship in the Nineteenth-Century South, edited by Link, William A., Brown, David, and Bone, Martyn (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2013), 223246.Google Scholar
Sealander, Judith, Private Wealth and Public Life: Foundation Philanthropy and the Reshaping of American Social Policy from the Progressive Era to the New Deal (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997).Google Scholar
Seghers, Maud, Phelps-Stokes in Congo: Transferring educational policy discourse to govern metropole and colony, Paedagogica Historica, 40, 4, 2004, 455477.Google Scholar
Sengupta, Gunja, Elites, subalterns, and American identities: A case-study of African-American benevolence, American Historical Review, 109, 4, 2004, 11041139.Google Scholar
Shah, Nayan, Contagious Divides: Epidemics and Race in San Francisco’s Chinatown (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001).Google Scholar
Shatz, Julia R., Governing Jerusalem’s children, revealing invisible inhabitants: The American Colony Aid Association, 1920s–1950s, in Open Jerusalem 1840–1940: Opening New Archives, Revisiting a Global City, edited by Delachanis, Angelos and Lemire, Vincent (Leiden: Brill, 2018), 423439.Google Scholar
Shavit, David, The United States in the Middle East: A Historical Dictionary (New York: Greenwood Press, 1988).Google Scholar
Sheldon, Kathleen, “No more cookies or cake now, ‘C’est la guerre’”: An American nurse in Turkey, 1919 to 1920, Social Sciences and Missions, 23, 2010, 94123.Google Scholar
Shemmassian, Vahram, The League of Nations and the reclamation of Armenian genocide survivors, in Looking Backward, Moving Forward: Confronting the Armenian Genocide, edited by Hovannisian, Richard (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2003).Google Scholar
Shepherd, Naomi, Ploughing Sand: British Rule in Palestine (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1999).Google Scholar
Shields, Sarah, Forced migration as nation-building: The League of Nations, minority protection and the Greek-Turkish population exchange, Journal of the History of International Law, 18, 2016, 120145.Google Scholar
Simmons, Erika B., Hadassah and the Zionist Project (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2006).Google Scholar
Simonsen, Jane E., Making Home Work: Domesticity and Native American Assimilation in the American West, 1860–1919, Gender and American Culture (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006).Google Scholar
Simpson, A. V., Clegg, S. R., and Freeder, D., Compassion, power and organization, Journal of Political Power, 6, 3, 2013, 385404.Google Scholar
Simpson, John Hope, The Refugee Problem: Report of a Survey (London: Oxford University Press, 1939).Google Scholar
Simpson, John Hope, The work of the Greek Refugee Settlement Commission, Journal of the Royal Institute of International Affairs, 8, 6, 1929, 583604.Google Scholar
Singer, Amy, Serving up charity: The Ottoman public kitchen, Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 35, 2005, 481500.Google Scholar
Skinner, Rob, and Lester, Alan, Humanitarianism and empire: New research agendas, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 40, 5, 2012, 729747.Google Scholar
Sklar, Kathryn Kish, and Stewart, James Brewer, eds., Women’s Rights and Transatlantic Antislavery in the Era of Emancipation (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007).Google Scholar
Skocpol, Theda, Protecting Soldiers and Mothers: The Political Origins of Social Policy in the United States (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1992).Google Scholar
Skran, Claudina, Refugees in Inter-War Europe (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995).Google Scholar
Slide, Anthony, Ravished Armenia and the Story of Aurora Mardiganian (Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 1997).Google Scholar
Småberg, Maria, On mission in the cosmopolitan world, Scandinavian Journal of History, 40, 3, 2015, 405431.Google Scholar
Smith, Elta, Imaginaries of development: The Rockefeller Foundation and rice research, Science as Culture, 18, 4, 2009, 461482.Google Scholar
Smith, Justin Davis, The voluntary tradition: Philanthropy and self-help in Britain 1500–1945, in An Introduction to the Voluntary Sector, edited by Smith, Justin Davis, Rochester, Colin, and Medley, Rodney (London: Routledge, 1995), 939.Google Scholar
Smith, Leonard V., Wilsonian sovereignty in the Middle East: The King–Crane Commission Report of 1919, in The State of Sovereignty. Territories, Laws, Populations, edited by Howland, Douglas and White, Luise (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2009), 5674.Google Scholar
Smith, Rogers M., Civic Ideals: Conflating Visions of Citizenship in U.S. History (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1997).Google Scholar
Sobe, Noah W., American philanthropy and reconstruction in Europe after World War I: Bringing the West to Serbia, in American Post-Conflict Educational Reform: From the Spanish–American War to Iraq, edited by Sobe, Noah W. (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009), 75104.Google Scholar
Sobe, Noah W., Educational reconstruction “by the dawn’s early light”: Violent political conflict and American overseas reform, Harvard Educational Review, 79, 1, 2009, 123131.Google Scholar
Sobe, Noah W., A historical perspective on coordinating education post-conflict: Biopolitics, governing at a distance, and states of exception, Current Issues in Comparative Education, 9, 2, 2007, 4554.Google Scholar
Solomon, Susan Gross, Murard, Lion, and Zylberman, Patrick, Introduction, in Shifting Boundaries of Public Health. Europe in the Twentieth Century, edited by Solomon, Susan Gross, Murard, Lion, and Zylberman, Patrick (Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press, 2008).Google Scholar
Somel, Selçuk Akşin, The Modernization of Public Education in the Ottoman Empire, 1839–1908: Islamization, Autocracy and Discipline (Leiden: Brill, 2001).Google Scholar
Sontag, Susan, Regarding the Pain of Others (London: Hamish Hamilton, 2003).Google Scholar
Spyropoulos, Evangelos, The Greek Military (1908–1941) and the Greek Mutinies in the Middle East (1941–1944) (Boulder, CO: East European Monographs, 1993), 3239.Google Scholar
Stamatov, Peter, The Origins of Global Humanitarianism: Religion, Empires, and Advocacy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013).Google Scholar
Stanfield, John H., The cracked back door: Foundations and Black social scientists between the world wars, American Sociologist, 17, 4, Special Issue on Financing Sociological Research, 1982, 193204.Google Scholar
Starr, Paul, The Social Transformation of American Medicine (New York: Basic Books, 1982).Google Scholar
Stears, Marc, Progressives, Pluralists and the Problems of the State: Ideologies of Reform in the United States and Britain, 1909–1926 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002).Google Scholar
Stehrenberger, Cécile Stephanie, and Goltermann, Svenja, Disaster medicine: Genealogy of a concept, Social Science and Medicine, 120, 2014, 317324.Google Scholar
Steiner-Khamsi, Gita, and Quist, Hubert O., The politics of educational borrowing: Reopening the case of Achimota in British Ghana, Comparative Education Review, 44, 3, 2000, 272299.Google Scholar
Stern, Alexandra Minna, Eugenic Nation: Faults and Frontiers of Better Breeding in Modern America (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005).Google Scholar
Stevenson, Ana, The “great doctrine of human rights”: Articulation and authentication in the nineteenth-century U.S. antislavery and women’s rights movements, Humanity, 8, 3, 2017, 413441.Google Scholar
Stone, Dan, Refugees then and now: Memory, history and politics in the long twentieth century: An Introduction, Patterns of Prejudice, 52, 2–3, 2018, 101106.Google Scholar
Suny, Ronald Grigor, Looking toward Ararat: Armenia in Modern History (Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 1993).Google Scholar
Suny, Ronald Grigor, Soviet Armenia, 1921–91, in The Armenians: Past and Present in the Making of National Identity, edited by Herzig, Edmund and Kurkchiyan, Marina (London: Routledge, 2005), 113125.Google Scholar
Szajkowski, Zosa, “Reconstruction” vs. “Palliative relief” in American Jewish overseas work (1919–1939), part I, Jewish Social Studies, 32, 1, 1970, 1442; and part II, 32, 2, 1970, 111–147.Google Scholar
Sznaider, Natan. The sociology of compassion: A study in the sociology of morals, Cultural Values, 2, 1, 1998, 117139.Google Scholar
Tachjian, Vahé, L’établissement definitive des réfugiés arméniens au Liban dans les années 1920 et 1930, in Les arméniens du Liban: des princesses et des réfugiés du passé à la communauté contemporaine, edited by Boudjikanian, Aïda (Beirut: Haigazian University and the Armenian Heritage Press, 2009), 5995.Google Scholar
Tachjian, Vahé, La France en Cilicie et en Haute-Mésopotamie: Aux confins de la Turquie, de la Syrie et de l’Iraq (1919–1933) (Paris: Karthala, 2004).Google Scholar
Tachjian, Vahé, Gender, nationalism, exclusion: The reintegration process of female survivors of the Armenian genocide, Nations and Nationalism, 15, 1, 2009, 6080.Google Scholar
Tachjian, Vahé, Mixed marriage, prostitution, survival, Reintegrating Armenian women into post-Ottoman cities, in Women and the City, Women in the City: A Gendered Perspective on Ottoman Urban History, edited by Maksudyan, Nazan (New York: Berghahn Books, 2014), 86107.Google Scholar
Tachjian, Vahé, Orphelinats arméniens du Liban, de Syrie et de Palestine, in Les Arméniens, 1917–1939: La quête d’un refuge, edited by Kévorkian, Raymond, Nordiguian, Lévon, and Tachjian, Vahé (Beirut: Presses de l’Université Saint-Joseph 2007), 8293.Google Scholar
Tachjian, Vahé, and Kévorkian, Raymond H., Reconstructing the nation with women and children kidnapped during the genocide, translated by Marjorie R. Appel, Ararat, 45, 185, 2006, 514.Google Scholar
Taithe, Bertrand, Humanitarianism and colonialism: Religious responses to the Algerian drought and famine of 1866–1870, in Natural Disaster, Cultural Responses: Case Studies toward a Global Environmental History, edited by Mauch, Christof and Pfister, Christian (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2009), 137164.Google Scholar
Taithe, Bertrand, The “making” of the origins of humanitarianism, Contemporanea, 18, 3, 2015, 485492.Google Scholar
Taithe, Bertrand, Crook, Tom, and Gill, Rebecca, eds., Evil, Barbarism and Empire: Britain and Abroad, c. 1830–2000 (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011).Google Scholar
Tamari, Salim, Year of the Locust: A Soldier’s Diary and the Erasure of Palestine’s Ottoman Past (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2015).Google Scholar
Tanielian, Melanie S., The Charity of War: Famine, Humanitarian Aid, and World War I in the Middle East (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2017).Google Scholar
Tanielian, Melanie S., Feeding the city: The Beirut municipality and the politics of food during World War I, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 46, 2014, 737758.Google Scholar
Tanielian, Melanie S., Politics of wartime relief in Ottoman Beirut (1914–1918), First World War Studies, 5, 1, 2014, 6982.Google Scholar
Teisch, Jessica B., Engineering Nature: Water, Development and the Global Spread of American Environmental Expertise (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2011).Google Scholar
Tejirian, Eleanor H., Faith of Our Fathers: Near East Relief and the Near East Foundation – From Mission to NGO, Paper presented at Middle East Institute, Bellagio, Italy, August 2000, www.ciaonet.org/conf/meio1/poao1.htmlGoogle Scholar
Tejirian, Eleanor H., and Simon, Reeva Spector, Conflict, Conquest, and Conversion, Two Thousand Years of Christian Missions in the Middle East (New York: Columbia University Press, 2012).Google Scholar
Terry, Fiona, Condemned to Repeat? The Paradox of Humanitarian Action (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2002).Google Scholar
Theodorou, Vassiliki, and Karakatsani, Despina, Health policy in interwar Greece: The investigation by the League of Nations Health Organisation, Dynamis, 28, 2008, 5375.Google Scholar
Thompson, Elizabeth, Colonial Citizens: Republican Rights, Paternal Privilege and Gender in French Syria and Lebanon (New York: Columbia University Press, 2000).Google Scholar
Thompson, Elizabeth F., Justice Interrupted: The Struggle for Constitutional Government in the Middle East (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2013), 91117.Google Scholar
Thomson, James C. Jr., Stanley, Peter W., and Curtis Perry, John, Sentimental Imperialists: The American Experience in East Asia (New York: Harper and Row, 1981).Google Scholar
Topalov, Christian, ed., Laboratoires du Nouveau Siècle: La Nébuleuse Réformatrice et Ses Réseaux en France, 1880–1914 (Paris: Editions de l’EHESS, 1999).Google Scholar
Torchin, Leshu, “Ravished Armenia”: Visual media, humanitarian advocacy, and the formation of witnessing publics, American Anthropologist, 108, 1, 2006, 214220.Google Scholar
Tournès, Ludovic, ed., L’Argent de l’Influence: Les Fondations Américaine et Leurs Réseaux Européens (Paris: Autrement, 2010).Google Scholar
Towers, Bridget, Red Cross organisational politics, 1918–1922: Relations of dominance and the influence of the United States, in International Health Organisations and Movements, 1918–1939, edited by Weindling, Paul (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), 3655.Google Scholar
Toynbee, Arnold Joseph, The Western Question in Greece and Turkey: A Study in the Contact of Civilizations (London: Constable, 1922), https://louisville.edu/a-s/history/turks/WesternQuestion.pdfGoogle Scholar
Trattner, Walter I.. Homer Folks and the public health movement, Social Service Review, 40, 4, 1966, 410428.Google Scholar
Travis, Hannibal, Genocide in the Middle East: The Ottoman Empire, Iraq, and Sudan (Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press, 2010).Google Scholar
Tusan, Michelle, Genocide, famine and refugees on film: Humanitarianism and the First World War, Past & Present, 237, 2017, 197235.Google Scholar
Tusan, Michelle, Smyrna’s Ashes: Humanitarianism, Genocide and the Birth of the Middle East (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2012).Google Scholar
Tutku, Vardağlı E., League of Nations’ refugee operations through Istanbul: Back to the origins of international refugee question, Turkish Yearbook of International Relations, 51, 2020, 149173.Google Scholar
Tworek, Heidi J. S., Communicable disease: Information, health and globalization in the interwar period, American Historical Review, 124, 3, 2019, 813842.Google Scholar
Tyrrell, Ian, Reforming the World: The Creation of America’s Moral Empire (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2010).Google Scholar
Tyrrell, Ian, Reflections on the transnational turn in United States history: Theory and practice, Journal of Global History, 4, 2009, 453474.Google Scholar
Tyrrell, Ian, Women, mission, and empire: New approaches to American cultural expansion, in Competing Kingdoms: Women, Mission, Nation, and the American Protestant Empire, 1812–1960, edited by Reeves-Ellington, Barbara, Sklar, Kathryn Kish, and Shemo, Connie A. (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2010), 4369.Google Scholar
Unger, Corinna, Histories of development and modernization: Findings, reflections, future research, H-Soz-u-Kult, December 9, 2010, http://hsozkult.geschichte.hu-berlin.de/forum/2010-12-001Google Scholar
Üngör, Uğur Ümit, Orphans, converts, and prostitutes: Social consequences of war and persecution in the Ottoman Empire, 1914–1923, War in History, 19, 2, 2012, 173192.Google Scholar
Üstün, Mustafa Tayfun, An example for socio-economic interactions in the Sanjak of Alexandretta in the mandate period (1921–1938): An evaluation of the document in Keshishian Family Heritage, International Journal of Social and Educational Sciences, 3, 6, 2016, 120.Google Scholar
Uyanık, Nevzat, America and the Armenian Question (New York: Routledge, 2016).Google Scholar
Uyanık, Nevzat, Dismantling the Ottoman Empire. Britain, America and the Armenian Question (New York: Routledge, 2016).Google Scholar
van de Grift, Liesbeth, and Ribi Forcalz, Amalia, Governing the Rural in Interwar Europe (New York: Routledge, 2018), preface, xiii.Google Scholar
Varnava, Adrekos, and Harris, Trevor, “It is quite impossible to receive them”: Saving the Musa Dagh refugees and the imperialism of European humanitarianism, Journal of Modern History, 90, 2018, 834862.Google Scholar
Vogt, Carl Emil, An international pioneer, Fridtjof Nansen and the social issues of the League of Nations, in The League of Nations and Social Issues: Visions, Endeavors and Experiments, edited by Garcia, Magaly Rodriguez, Rodogno, Davide, and Kozma, Liat (New York: United Nations Press, 2016), 187199.Google Scholar
Vogt, Carl-Emil, Fridjof Nansen et l’aide alimentaire européenne à la Russie et à l’Ukraine bolcheviques en 1921–1923, Matériaux pour l’Histoire de Notre Temps, 95, 2009, 512.Google Scholar
Voris, John, The problem and opportunity of educating the Near East orphans, Religious Education, 19, 1924, 4547.Google Scholar
Voutira, Eftihia, When Greeks Meet other Greeks: The Long Term Consequences of the Lausanne Treaty and Policy Issues in the Contemporary Greek Context, Paper presented at the conference The Compulsory Exchange of Populations between Greece and Turkey: Assessment of the Consequences of the Treaty of Lausanne, 75th Anniversary, September 1998.Google Scholar
Vrooman, Lee, Issues in missionary education in the Near East, International Review of Mission, 22, 1, 1933, 5062Google Scholar
Vrooman, Lee, The place of missions in the new Turkey, International Review of Mission, 18, 3, 1929, 401409.Google Scholar
Walker, W. O., III, Crucible for peace: Herbert Hoover, modernization, and economic growth in Latin America, Diplomatic History, 30, 2006, 83117.Google Scholar
Walther, Karine V., For God and country: James Barton, the Ottoman Empire and missionary diplomacy during World War I, First World War Studies, 7, 1, 2016, 6379.Google Scholar
Walther, Karine V., Sacred Interests: The United States and the Islamic World, 1821–1921 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2015).Google Scholar
Watenpaugh, Keith D., “Are there any children for sale?” Genocide and the transfer of Armenian children (1915–1922), Journal of Human Rights, 12, 3, 2013, 283295.Google Scholar
Watenpaugh, Keith D., Bread from Stones: The Middle East and the Making of Modern Humanitarianism (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2015).Google Scholar
Watenpaugh, Keith D., The League of Nations’ rescue of Armenian genocide survivors and the making of modern humanitarianism, 1920–1927, American Historical Review, 115, 5, 2010, 12911314.Google Scholar
Watenpaugh, Keith D., Towards a new category of colonial theory: Colonial cooperation and the survivors’ bargain – The case of the post-genocide Armenian community of Syria under French mandate, in The British and French Mandates in Comparative Perspectives, edited by Mouchy, Nadine and Sluglett, Peter (Leiden: Brill, 2004), 597622.Google Scholar
Watkins, William, Black curriculum orientations: A preliminary enquiry, Harvard Educational Review, 63, 3, 1993, 321340.Google Scholar
Webster, David, Modern missionaries: Canadian postwar technical assistance advisors in Southeast Asia, Journal of Canadian Historical Association, 20, 2, 2009, 86111.Google Scholar
Weindling, Paul, Introduction, in International Health Organisations and Movements, 1918–1939, edited by Weindling, Paul (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995).Google Scholar
Weindling, Paul, Philanthropy and world health: The Rockefeller Foundation and the League of Nations Health Organisation, Minerva, 35, 1997, 269281.Google Scholar
Weissman, Benjamin M., Herbert Hoover’s “treaty” with Soviet Russia: August 20, 1921, Slavic Review, 28, 2, 1969, 276288.Google Scholar
Weitz, Eric D., From the Vienna to the Paris system: International politics and the entangled histories of human rights, forced deportations, and civilizing missions, American Historical Review, 113, 5, 2008, 13131343.Google Scholar
Weitz, Eric D., A World Divided: The Global Struggle for Human Rights in the Age of Nation-States (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2019).Google Scholar
Weitz, Eric D., Introduction, Humanitarianism and Human Rights: Borders, Connections, Conflicts, Paper presented at conference, Remarque Institute, New York University, March 9–10, 2012.Google Scholar
Weitz, Eric D., Self-determination: How a German enlightenment idea became the slogan of national liberation and a human right, American Historical Review, 120, 2, 2015, 462496.Google Scholar
Wentling, Sonja P., The engineer and the Shtadlanim: Herbert Hoover and American Jewish non-Zionists, 1917–1928, American Jewish History, 88, 3, 2000, 377406.Google Scholar
Westerman, Thomas D., Touring occupied Belgium: American humanitarians at “work” and “leisure” (1914–1917), First World War Studies, 5, 1, 2014, 4353.Google Scholar
White, Benjamin Thomas, The Emergence of Minorities in the Middle East: The Politics of Community in French Mandate Syria (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2011).Google Scholar
White, Benjamin Thomas, A grudging rescue: France, the Armenians of Cilicia, and the history of humanitarian evacuations, Humanity, 10, 1, 2019, 127.Google Scholar
White, Benjamin Thomas, Refugees and the definition of Syria, 1920–1939, Past & Present, 235, 2017, 142178.Google Scholar
White, Elizabeth, A category “easy to liquidate”: The League of Nations Russian refugee children in the 1920s and the history of humanitarianism, in The League of Nations and Social Issues: Visions, Endeavors and Experiments, edited by Rodriguez, Magaly, Rodogno, Davide, and Kozma, Liat (New York: United Nations Press, 2016), 201214.Google Scholar
White, Owen, and Daughton, J. P., eds., In God’s Empire: French Missionaries and the Modern World (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012).Google Scholar
Whyte, Jessica, “Always on top”? The “responsibility to protect” and the persistence of colonialism, in The Postcolonial World, edited by Singh, Jyotsna G. and Kim, David D. (London: Routledge, 2017), 308324.Google Scholar
Wilcox, George M., Education in Soviet Armenia, Journal of Educational Sociology, 2, 4, 1928, 221231, and 2, 5, 1929, 310–318.Google Scholar
Wilhelm, Lola, The Business of Development: Nestlé’s Involvement in Agriculture, Public Health and Humanitarian Relief, 1880s–1970s (PhD dissertation, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, 2020).Google Scholar
Wilson, Ann Marie, Taking Liberties Abroad: Americans and International Humanitarian Advocacy, 1821–1914 (PhD dissertation, Harvard University, 2010).Google Scholar
Winston, Michael R., Through the back door: Academic racism and the negro scholar in historical perspective, Daedalus, 100, 3, Special issue on The Future of Black Colleges, 1971, 678719.Google Scholar
Winter, Jay, General Introduction, in Cambridge History of the First World War, edited by Winter, Jay (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014).Google Scholar
Winter, Jay, The second Great War, Revista Universitaria de Historia Militar, 7, 14, 2018, 160179.Google Scholar
Wittgenstein, Ludwig, On Certainty, edited by Anscombe, G. E. M. and von Wright, G. H., translated by Paul, D. and Anscombe, G. E. M. (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1969).Google Scholar
Woodson, Carter G., Thomas Jesse Jones, Journal of Negro History, 35, 1, 1950, 107109.Google Scholar
Yehya, Houssan, La Protection Sanitaire et Sociale au Liban (1860–1963) (PhD dissertation, University of Nice, 2015).Google Scholar
Yellin, Eric S., The (white) search for (black) order: The Phelps-Stokes Fund’s first twenty years, 1911–1931, The Historian, 65, 2, 2002, 319352.Google Scholar
Yıldırım, Onur, Diplomacy and Displacement: Reconsidering the Turco-Greek Exchange of Populations, 1922–1934 (London: Routledge, 2006).Google Scholar
Yücel, İdris, An overview of religious medicine in the Near East: Mission hospitals of the American Board in Asia Minor (1880–1923), Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies, 14, 40, 2015, 4771.Google Scholar
Zahra, Tara, The Lost Children: Reconstructing Europe’s Families after World War II (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2015).Google Scholar
Zanasi, Margherita, Exporting development: The League of Nations and Republican China, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 49, 1, 2007, 143169.Google Scholar
Zanasi, Margherita, Western utopias, missionary economics and the Chinese village, Journal of World History, 24, 2, 2013, 359387.Google Scholar
Zarifian, Julien, La Montée du kémalisme en Cilicie, 1919–1920: l’administration française du sandjak de Kozan face au nationalisme turc, Cahiers d’Etudes sur la Méditerranée Orientale et le Monde Turco-Iranien (CEMOTI), 38, 2004, 235260.Google Scholar
Zimmerman, Andrew W., Alabama in Africa: Booker T. Washington, the German Empire and the Globalization of the New South (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2010).Google Scholar
Zimmerman, Jonathan, Innocents Abroad: American Teachers in the American Century (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006).Google Scholar
Zolberg, Aristide, The formation of new states as a refugee-generating process, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences, 467, 1983, 2438.Google Scholar
Zürcher, Erik J., The Young Turk Legacy and Nation Building: From the Ottoman Empire to Atatürk’s Turkey (London: I. B. Tauris, 2010).Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Bibliography
  • Davide Rodogno, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva
  • Book: Night on Earth
  • Online publication: 10 December 2021
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108689892.016
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Bibliography
  • Davide Rodogno, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva
  • Book: Night on Earth
  • Online publication: 10 December 2021
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108689892.016
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Bibliography
  • Davide Rodogno, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva
  • Book: Night on Earth
  • Online publication: 10 December 2021
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108689892.016
Available formats
×