For the majority of witnesses, arrangements for their protection will be made before they travel to the seat of the Court, and will concern either protection within their home State or relocation to a third State. The involvement of the host State is therefore limited to arranging the transport of witnesses within the Netherlands and assisting the Court in accommodating witnesses during their stay. However, there have been instances where, once they arrived at the seat of the Court, witnesses have applied for asylum in the Netherlands, thereby involving the Netherlands substantively in their protection. In light of these developments, this chapter addresses situations where both the ICC and its host State are involved in protecting witnesses at the seat of the Court. By looking at cases involving both detained and non-detained witnesses, an overview can be given of the potential problems in human rights protection that can arise for these groups in multi-actor situations.