Book contents
- The Cambridge Handbook of Chinese Linguistics
- Cambridge Handbooks In Language and Linguistics
- The Cambridge Handbook of Chinese Linguistics
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Figures
- Tables
- Contributors
- Acknowledgments
- Part One Writing System/Neuro-cognitive Processing of Chinese
- Part Two Morpho-lexical Issues in Chinese
- Part Three Phonetic-phonological Issues in Chinese
- 11 The Morphophonology of Chinese Affixation
- 12 Mandarin Chinese Syllable Structure and Phonological Similarity
- 13 Tonal Processes Defined as Articulatory-based Contextual Tonal Variation
- 14 Tonal Processes Defined as Tone Sandhi
- 15 Tonal Processes Conditioned by Morphosyntax
- 16 Tone and Intonation
- 17 Evidence for Stress and Metrical Structure in Chinese
- 18 Perceptual Normalization of Lexical Tones
- Part Four Syntax-semantics, Pragmatics, and Discourse Issues
- Index
- References
17 - Evidence for Stress and Metrical Structure in Chinese
from Part Three - Phonetic-phonological Issues in Chinese
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 August 2022
By
Book contents
- The Cambridge Handbook of Chinese Linguistics
- Cambridge Handbooks In Language and Linguistics
- The Cambridge Handbook of Chinese Linguistics
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Figures
- Tables
- Contributors
- Acknowledgments
- Part One Writing System/Neuro-cognitive Processing of Chinese
- Part Two Morpho-lexical Issues in Chinese
- Part Three Phonetic-phonological Issues in Chinese
- 11 The Morphophonology of Chinese Affixation
- 12 Mandarin Chinese Syllable Structure and Phonological Similarity
- 13 Tonal Processes Defined as Articulatory-based Contextual Tonal Variation
- 14 Tonal Processes Defined as Tone Sandhi
- 15 Tonal Processes Conditioned by Morphosyntax
- 16 Tone and Intonation
- 17 Evidence for Stress and Metrical Structure in Chinese
- 18 Perceptual Normalization of Lexical Tones
- Part Four Syntax-semantics, Pragmatics, and Discourse Issues
- Index
- References
Summary
There is a common view that English has word stress but Chinese does not. I examine perceived stress in disyllabic lexical entries and show two similarities between the languages: (i) when both syllables carry a designated tone, such as such as bamboo or Red Cross in English, or 北京 Beijing ‘Beijing’ in Chinese, main stress is unclear to native speakers; and (ii) when just one syllable has a designated tone, such as yoga, magpie, or about in English, or 爸_爸 ba_ba [paː][pə] ‘pa_pa (papa)’ in Chinese, it is clearly perceived to carry main stress. However, case (ii) covers 86% of disyllabic entries in English but just 5% in Chinese. The difference is attributable to the independent fact that Chinese is a tone language, in which syllables with secondary stress also carry a designated tone, whereas in English they usually do not. I also show that English and Chinese share two further similarities: First, stressed and unstressed syllables are acoustically different, and second, stress plays other phonological roles, such as phrasal stress, contrastive stress, and meter in poetry.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Cambridge Handbook of Chinese Linguistics , pp. 361 - 382Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2022
References
Baayen, R. Harald, Piepenbrock, Richard, and Gulikers, Leon.. 1995. The CELEX lexical database: Release 2 (CD-ROM). Philadelphia, PA: Linguistic Data Consortium, University of Pennsylvania.Google Scholar
Bolinger, Dwight. 1958. A theory of pitch accent in English. Word 14(2–3):109–149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cao, Wen 曹文. 2002. A course in Chinese phonetics 汉语语音教程. Beijing: Beijing Language and Culture University Press.Google Scholar
Chao, Yuen-Ren. 1933. Tone and intonation in Chinese. Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica 4(2):121–134.Google Scholar
Chao, Yuen-Ren. 1968. A grammar of spoken Chinese. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Cheng, Chin-Chuan. 1968. English stress and Chinese tones in Chinese sentences. Phonetica 18:77–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, Noam, and Halle, Morris. 1968. The sound pattern of English. New York, NY: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
Dong, Yan. 2015. The prosody and morphology of elastic words in Chinese: annotations and analyses. Doctoral dissertation, University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Duanmu, San. 1994. Syllabic weight and syllabic durations: A correlation between phonology and phonetics. Phonology 11(1):1–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duanmu, San. 1999. Metrical structure and tone: Evidence from Mandarin and Shanghai. Journal of East Asian Linguistics 8(1):1–38.Google Scholar
Duanmu, San. 2007. The phonology of Standard Chinese, 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Duanmu, San. 2008. Syllable structure: The limits of variation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Eady, Stephen J., and Cooper, William E.. 1986. Speech intonation and focus location in matched statements and questions. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 80(5):402–415.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fry, Dennis B. 1958. Experiments in the perception of stress. Language and Speech 1:126–152.Google Scholar
Gao, Mingkai, and Shi, Anshi 高名凯, 石安石. 1963. Introduction to linguistics 语言学概论. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company.Google Scholar
Gårding, Eva. 1987. Speech act and tonal pattern in Standard Chinese: Constancy and variation. Phonetica 44:13–29.Google Scholar
Goldsmith, John. 1981. English as a tone language. In Phonology in the 1980s, ed. Goyvaerts, Didier L., 287–308. Ghent: E. Story-Scientia.Google Scholar
Gussenhoven, Carlos. 1983. Focus, mode and the nucleus. Journal of Linguistics 19(2):377–417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gussenhoven, Carlos. 2009. Vowel duration, syllable quantity, and stress in Dutch. In The nature of the word: Studies in honor of Paul Kiparsky, ed. Hanson, Kristin and Inkelas, Sharon, 181–198. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Halle, Morris, and Vergnaud, Jean-Roger. 1987. An essay on stress. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Hayes, Bruce. 1995. Metrical stress theory: Principles and case studies. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Hyman, Larry M. 1977. On the nature of linguistic stress. In Studies in stress and accent, ed. Hyman, Larry M., 37–82. Los Angeles, CA: University of Southern California.Google Scholar
Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences 中国社会科学院语言研究所词典编辑室. 2005. Modern Chinese Dictionary (5th edition) 现代汉语词典 (第五版). Beijing: Commercial Press.Google Scholar
Jin, Shunde. 1996. An acoustic study of sentence stress in Mandarin Chinese. Doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University.Google Scholar
Jones, Daniel. 1909. The pronunciation of English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Jones, Daniel, Roach, Peter, Setter, Jane, and Esling, John. 2011. Cambridge English pronouncing dictionary, 18th ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kenyon, John Samuel, and Knott, Thomas Albert. 1949. A pronouncing dictionary of American English. Springfield, MA: Merriam.Google Scholar
Liberman, Mark. 1975. The intonational system of English. Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Google Scholar
Lü, Shuxiang 吕叔湘. 1963. A preliminary study of the problem of monosyllabism and disyllabism in modern Chinese 现代汉语单双音节问题初探. Zhongguo Yuwen 中国语文 1:10–22.Google Scholar
McCawley, James D. 1965. The accentual system of modern standard Japanese. Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Google Scholar
Ran, Qibin 冉启斌. 2011. Phonetic difference of ambiguous ‘V-monosyllable + N-monosyllable’ phrases in Beijing Dialect and Sichuan Dialect and some theoretical thoughts 北京话、四川话歧义"动单+ 名单”结构的语音差异及意义. Chinese Teaching in the World 世界汉语教学 25(4):235–448.Google Scholar
Selkirk, Elisabeth. 1982. The syllable. In The structure of phonological representations (part II), ed. van der Hulst, Harry and Smith, Norval, 337–383. Linguistic Models 2. Dordrecht: Foris.Google Scholar
Selkirk, Elisabeth, and Tong, Shen. 1990. Prosodic domains in Shanghai Chinese. In The phonology–syntax connection, ed. Inkelas, Sharon and Zec, Draga, 313–337. Stanford, CA: CSLI, Stanford University.Google Scholar
Shen, Jiong 沈炯. 1985. Pitch range of tone and intonation in Beijing dialect 北京话声调的音域和语调. In Working papers in experimental phonetics 北京语音实验彔, ed. Tao, Lin and Lijia, Wang 林焘, 王理嘉, 73–130. Beijing: Peking University Press.Google Scholar
Shen, Jiong 沈炯. 1994. Intonation structure and intonation types in Chinese 汉语语调构造和语调类型. Fangyan 方言 3:221–228.Google Scholar
Shi, Xiangdong 施向东. 2008. Prosody and metrics 韵律与格律. In Studies on the literature–language interface 文学和语言的界面研究, ed. Hong, Chen and Hongming, Zhang 陈洪, 张洪明, 164–172. Tianjin: Nankai University Press.Google Scholar
Shih, Chi-lin. 1988. Tone and intonation in Mandarin. In Working papers of the Cornell Phonetics Laboratory, no. 3, ed. Clements, Nick, 83–109.Google Scholar
Truckenbrodt, Hubert. 2006. Phrasal stress. In Encyclopedia of language & linguistics, second edition, volume 9, ed. Brown, Keith, 572–579. Oxford: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Vennemann, Theo. 1988. Preference laws for syllable structure and the explanation of sound change. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Wang, Hongjun 王洪君. 1999. Chinese non-linear phonology 汉语非线性音系学. Beijing: Peking University Press.Google Scholar
Wang, Li 王力. 1958. Chinese versification 汉语诗律学. Shanghai: Xin Zhishi Publishing House.Google Scholar
Wells, John Christopher. 2008. Longman pronunciation dictionary, 3rd ed.. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.Google Scholar
Xu, Baohua, Tang, Zhenzhu, You, Rujie, Qian, Nairong, Shi, Rujie, and Shen, Yaming 许宝华, 汤珍珠, 游汝杰, 钱乃荣, 石汝杰, 沈亚明. 1988. Shanghai City dialect gazette 上海市区方言志. Shanghai: Shanghai Education Publishing House.Google Scholar
Xu, Yi, Chen, Szu-wei, and Wang, Bei. 2012. Prosodic focus with and without post-focus compression: A typological divide within the same language family? Linguistic Review 29:131–147.Google Scholar
Xu, Yi, and Wang, Maolin. 2009. Organizing syllables into groups: Evidence from F0 and duration patterns in Mandarin. Journal of Phonetics 37(4):502–520.Google Scholar
Xu, Yi, and Xu, Ching X.. 2005. Phonetic realization of focus in English declarative intonation. Journal of Phonetics 33:159–197.Google Scholar
Yang, Shun-an 杨顺安. 1992. An experiment on the prosody of polysyllables in the Beijing dialect 北京话多音节组合韵律特性的实验研究. Fangyan 方言 2:128–137.Google Scholar
Yin, Zuoyan 殷作炎. 1982. A preliminary study of accents and atonics in disyllabic words in common use 关于普通话双音常用词轻重音的初步考察. Zhongguo Yuwen 中国语文 3(168):168–173.Google Scholar
Yuan, Jiahong. 2004. Intonation in Mandarin Chinese: Acoustics, perception, and computational modeling. Doctoral dissertation, Cornell University.Google Scholar
Zhu, Xiaonong. 1995. Shanghai tonetics. Doctoral dissertation, Australian National University.Google Scholar