Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-22dnz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-27T12:55:59.624Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

25 - Calibration and Self-Regulated Learning

Making the Connections

from Part V - Metacognition

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 February 2019

John Dunlosky
Affiliation:
Kent State University, Ohio
Katherine A. Rawson
Affiliation:
Kent State University, Ohio
Get access

Summary

Calibration is a measure of the degree to which people’s subjective judgments of performance correspond to their actual performance. In this review of the recent calibration research, we focused on studies establishing a link between calibration accuracy and academic performance. We review these studies in light of self-regulated learning theory and identify interventions leading to successful calibration and learning. We conclude that interventions designed to increase accuracy and learning will be more successful if all three elements of self-regulated learning are included (i.e., forethought, performance, and self-reflection). Successful interventions (1) clearly target specific content, (2) provide explicit instruction in processes that aid in both monitoring and regulating learning of that content, and (3) consist of multiple procedures for monitoring and regulating learning.
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alexander, P. A., Dinsmore, D. L., Parkinson, M. M., & Winters, F. I. (2011). Self-regulated learning in academic domains. In Zimmerman, B. J. & Schunk, D. H. (eds.), Handbook of self-regulation of learning and performance (pp. 393407). New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Bandura, A. (1993). Perceived self-efficacy in cognitive development and functioning. Educational Psychologist, 28, 117131.Google Scholar
Bol, L., Hacker, D., Walck, C., & Nunnery, J. (2012). The effects of individual or group guidelines on the calibration accuracy and achievement of high school biology students. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 37, 280287.Google Scholar
Bol, L., Riggs, R., Hacker, D., Dickerson, D., & Nunnery, J. (2010). The calibration accuracy of middle school students in match classes. Journal of Research in Education, 21, 8196.Google Scholar
Callender, A. A., Franco-Watkins, A. M., & Roberts, A. S. (2016). Improving metacognition in the classroom through instruction, training, and feedback. Metacognition and Learning, 11, 215235.Google Scholar
DiGiacomo, G. & Chen, P. P. (2016). Enhancing self-regulatory skills through an intervention embedded in middle school mathematics curriculum. Psychology in the Schools, 53, 601616.Google Scholar
Dinsmore, D. L. & Parkinson, M. M. (2013). What are confidence judgments made of? Students’ explanations for their confidence ratings and what that means for calibration. Learning and Instruction, 24, 414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunlosky, J. & Rawson, K. A. (2012). Overconfidence produces underachievement: Inaccurate self evaluations undermine students’ learning and retention. Learning and Instruction, 22, 271280.Google Scholar
Foster, N. L., Was, C. A., Dunlosky, J., & Isaacson, R. M. (2017). Even after thirteen class exams, students are still overconfident: the role of memory for past exam performance in student predictions. Metacognition and Learning, 12(1), 119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-016–9158-6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
García, T., Rodríguez, C., González-Castro, P., González-Pienda, J. A., & Torrance, M. (2016). Elementary students’ metacognitive processes and post-performance calibration on mathematical problem-solving tasks. Metacognition and Learning, 11(2), 139170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-015–9139-1.Google Scholar
Gutierrez, A. & Schraw, G. (2015). Effects of strategy training and incentives on students’ performance, confidence, and calibration. The Journal of Experimental Education, 83, 386404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hacker, D. J., Bol, L., Bahbahani, K. (2008). Explaining calibration in classroom contexts: The effects of incentives, reflection, and attributional style. Metacognition and Learning, 3, 101121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hacker, D. J., Bol, L., Horgan, D., & Rakow, E. A. (2000). Test prediction and performance in a classroom context. Journal of Educational Psychology, 92, 160170.Google Scholar
Hacker, D. J., Bol, L., & Keener, M. C. (2008). Metacognition in education: A focus on calibration. In Dunlosky, J., & Bjork, R. (eds.), Handbook of memory and metacognition (pp. 429455). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Hadwin, A. F. & Webster, E. A. (2013). Calibration in goal setting: Examining the nature of judgments of confidence. Learning and Instruction, 24, 3747.Google Scholar
Hawthorne, K., Bol, L., & Pribesh, S. (2017). Can providing rubrics for writing tasks improve developing writers’ calibration accuracy? Journal of Experimental Education, 85, 689708. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.2017.1299081.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huff, J. D. & Nietfeld, J. L. (2009). Using strategy instruction and confidence judgments to improve metacognitive monitoring. Metacognition and Learning, 4, 161176.Google Scholar
Keren, G. (1991). Calibration and probability judgments: Conceptual and methodological issues. Acta Psychologica, 77, 217273.Google Scholar
Krebs, S.S. & Roebers, C.M. (2010). Children’s strategic regulation, metacognitive monitoring, and control processes during test-taking. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 80, 325340.Google Scholar
Labuhn, A. S., Zimmerman, B. J., & Hasselhorn, M. (2010). Enhancing students’ self- regulation: The influence of feedback and self-evaluative standards. Metacognition and Learning, 5, 173194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lichtenstein, S., Fischhoff, B., & Phillips, L. D. (1982). Calibration of probabilities: The state of the art to 1980. In Kahneman, D., Slovic, P., & Tversky, A. (eds.) Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Lin, L. & Zabrucky, K. M. (1998). Calibration of comprehension: Research and implications for education and instruction. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 23, 345391.Google Scholar
List, A. & Alexander, P. A. (2015). Examining response confidence in multiple text tasks. Metacognition and Learning, 10, 407436.Google Scholar
Miller, T. M. & Geraci, L. (2011b). Training metacognition in the classroom: The influence of incentives and feedback on exam predictions. Metacognition and Learning, 6, 303314.Google Scholar
Morrison, J., Bol, L., Ross, S., & Watson, G. (2015). Paraphrasing and prediction with self- explanation as generative strategies for learning science principles. Education Technology: Research and Development, 63, 861882.Google Scholar
Nietfeld, J. L., Cao, L., & Osborne, J. W. (2006). Metacognitive monitoring accuracy and student performance in the postsecondary classroom. The Journal of Experimental Education, 74, 728.Google Scholar
Schneider, E. F., Castleberry, A. N., Vuk, J., & Stowe, C. D. (2014). Pharmacy students’ ability to think about thinking. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 78, 15.Google Scholar
Schunk, D. H. & Zimmerman, B. J. (1997). Social origins of self-regulatory competence. Educational Psychologist, 32, 195208.Google Scholar
Serra, M. J. & DeMarree, K. G. (2016). Unskilled and unaware in the classroom: College students’ desired grades predict their biased grade predictions. Memory and Cognition, 44, 11271137.Google Scholar
Reid, A. J., Morrison, G. R., & Bol, L. (2016). Knowing what you know: Improving metacomprehension and calibration accuracy in digital text. Educational Technology Research and Development, https://doi.org/10.10007/s11423-016–9454-5.Google Scholar
Winne, P. H. (2004). Students’ calibration of knowledge and learning processes: Implications for designing powerful software learning environments. International Journal of Educational Research, 41, 466488.Google Scholar
Yates, J. F. (1990). Judgment and decision making. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Zimmerman, B. J. (2008). Investigating self-regulation and motivation: Historical background, methodological developments, and future prospects. American Educational Research Journal, 45, 166183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zimmerman, B. J. & Kitsantas, A. (2002). Acquiring writing revision and self-regulatory skill through observation and emulation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 94, 660668.Google Scholar
Zimmerman, B. J. & Moylan, A. R. (2009). Self-regulation: Where metacognitive and motivation intersect. In Hacker, D. J., Dunlosky, J., & Graesser, A. C. (eds.), Handbook of metacognition in education (pp. 299315). New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×