Book contents
- The Legal Process and the Promise of Justice
- Cambridge Studies in Law and Society
- The Legal Process and the Promise of Justice
- Copyright page
- Contents
- About the Contributors
- Introduction: Past as Prologue
- Part I The Process Is the Punishment
- Part II Court Reform on Trial
- Part III Judicial Policymaking and the Modern State
- Part IV Political Liberalism and the Legal Complex
- Index
- Books in the Series
- References
Part III - Judicial Policymaking and the Modern State
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 18 April 2019
Book contents
- The Legal Process and the Promise of Justice
- Cambridge Studies in Law and Society
- The Legal Process and the Promise of Justice
- Copyright page
- Contents
- About the Contributors
- Introduction: Past as Prologue
- Part I The Process Is the Punishment
- Part II Court Reform on Trial
- Part III Judicial Policymaking and the Modern State
- Part IV Political Liberalism and the Legal Complex
- Index
- Books in the Series
- References
Summary
A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Legal Process and the Promise of JusticeStudies Inspired by the Work of Malcolm Feeley, pp. 191 - 286Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2019
References
References
Baron, James N., Mittman, Brian S., and Newman, rew E.. 1991. “Targets of Opportunity: Organizational and Environmental Determinants of Gender Integration within the California Civil Service, 1979–1985.” American Journal of Sociology 96 (6): 1362–401.Google Scholar
Belbot, Barbara. 2004. “Report on the Prison Litigation Reform Act: What Have the Courts Decided So Far?” Prison Journal 84 (3): 290–316.Google Scholar
Bisom-Rapp, Susan. 1999. “Bulletproofing the Workplace: Symbol and Substance in Employment Discrimination Law Practice.” Florida State University Law Review 26 (4): 959–1048.Google Scholar
Bordt, Rebecca L. and Musheno, Michael C.. 1988. “Bureaucratic Co-Optation of Informal Dispute Processing: Social Control as an Effect of Inmate Grievance Policy.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 25 (1): 7–26.Google Scholar
Brakel, Samuel Jan. 1983. “Ruling on Prisoners’ Grievances.” American Bar Foundation Research Journal 8 (2): 393–426.Google Scholar
Calavita, Kitty and Jenness, Valerie. 2015. Appealing to Justice: Prisoner Grievances, Rights, and Carceral Logic. Oakland: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Carbado, Devon W. and Gulati, Mitu. 2013. Acting White? Rethinking Race in Post-Racial America. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Clayton, Cornell W. and Gillman, Howard. 1999. Supreme Court Decision-Making: New Institutionalist Approaches. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Colvin, Alexander J. S. 2011. “An Empirical Study of Employment Arbitration: Case Outcomes and Processes.” Journal of Empirical Legal Studies 8 (1): 1–23.Google Scholar
Dover, Tessa L., Major, Brenda, and Kaiser, Cheryl R.. 2014. “Diversity Initiatives, Status, and System-Justifying Beliefs: When and How Diversity Efforts De-Legitimize Discrimination Claims.” Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 17 (4): 485–93.Google Scholar
Edelman, Lauren B. 1992. “Legal Ambiguity and Symbolic Structures: Organizational Mediation of Civil Rights Law.” American Journal of Sociology 97 (6): 1531–76.Google Scholar
Edelman, Lauren B. 2016. Working Law: Courts, Corporations, and Symbolic Civil Rights. University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Edelman, Lauren B., Abraham, Steven E., and Erlanger, Howard S.. 1992. “Professional Construction of Law: The Inflated Threat of Wrongful Discharge Doctrine.” Law & Society Review 26 (1): 47–83.Google Scholar
Edelman, Lauren B., Erlanger, Howard S., and Lande, John. 1993. “Internal Dispute Resolution: The Transformation of Civil Rights in the Workplace.” Law & Society Review 27 (3): 497–534.Google Scholar
Edelman, Lauren B., Fuller, Sally Riggs, and Mara-Drita, Iona. 2001. “Diversity Rhetoric and the Managerialization of Law.” American Journal of Sociology 106 (6): 1589–641.Google Scholar
Edelman, Lauren B., Krieger, Linda H., Eliason, Scott R., Albiston, Catherine R., and Mellema, Virginia. 2011. “When Organizations Rule: Judicial Deference to Institutionalized Employment Structures.” American Journal of Sociology 117 (3): 888–954.Google Scholar
Edelman, Lauren B. and Petterson, Stephen. 1999. “Symbols and Substance in Organizational Response to Civil Rights Law.” Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 17: 107–35.Google Scholar
Edelman, Lauren B., Uggen, Christopher, and Erlanger, Howard S.. 1999. “The endogeneity of legal regulation: Grievance procedures as rational myth 1.” American Journal of Sociology 105 (2): 406–54.Google Scholar
Epstein, Lee, Landes, William M., and Posner, Richard A.. 2013. The Behavior of Federal Judges: A Theoretical and Empirical Study of Rational Choice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Epstein, Lee and Knight, Jack. The Choices Justices Make. Washington, DC: CQ Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Epstein, Lee and Knight, Jack. 2000. “Toward a strategic revolution in judicial politics: A look back, a look ahead.” Political Research Quarterly 53 (3): 625–61.Google Scholar
Feeley, Malcolm M. and Rubin, Edward L.. 1998. Judicial Policy Making and the Modern State: How the Courts Reformed America’s Prisons. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Feeley, Malcolm M. and Swearingen, Van. 2004. “The Prison Conditions Cases and the Bureaucratization of American Corrections: Influences, Impacts and Implications.” Pace Law Review 24 (2): 433–76.Google Scholar
Feeley, Malcolm M. and Swearingen, Van. 2017. “Devolving Standards: California’s Structural Failures in Response to Prisoner Litigation,” in Varieties of Legal Order: The Politics of Adversarial and Bureaucratic Legalism, edited by Barnes, John and Burke, Thomas. New York: Routledge: 155–177.Google Scholar
French, Christopher C. 2012. “Debunking the Myth That Insurance Coverage Is Not Available or Allowed for Intentional Injuries or Damage.” Hastings Business Law Journal 8 (1): 65–102.Google Scholar
Giblin, Edward J. and Ornati, Oscar A.. 1975. “Beyond Compliance: EEO and the Dynamics of Organizational Change.” Personnel 52 (5): 38–50.Google Scholar
Guetzkow, Joshua and Schoon, Eric. 2015. “If you build it, they will fill it: The consequences of prison overcrowding litigation.” Law & Society Review 49 (2): 401–32.Google Scholar
Gunningham, Neil, Kagan, Robert A., and Thornton, Dorothy. 2003. Shades of green: business, regulation, and environment. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Guthrie, Chris, Rachlinski, Jeffrey J., and Wistrich, rew J.. 2007. “Blinking on the Bench: How Judges Decide Cases.” Cornell Law Review 93 (1): 1–44.Google Scholar
Guthrie, Chris, Rachlinski, Jeffrey J., and Wistrich, rew J.. 2002.“Judging by Heuristic–Cognitive Illusions in Judicial Decision Making.” Judicature 86 (1): 44–50.Google Scholar
Kaiser, Cheryl R. and Major, Brenda. “A Social Psychological Perspective on Perceiving and Reporting Discrimination.” Law & Social Inquiry 31, no. 4 (2006): 801–30.Google Scholar
Kaiser, Cheryl R., Major, Brenda, Jurcevic, Ines, Dover, Tessa L., Brady, Laura M., and Shapiro, Jenessa R.. 2013. “Presumed Fair: Ironic Effects of Organizational Diversity Structures.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 104 (3): 504–19.Google Scholar
Kalev, Alexandra, Dobbin, Frank, and Kelly, Erin. 2006.“Best Practices or Best Guesses? Assessing the Efficacy of Corporate Affirmative Action and Diversity Policies.” American Sociological Review 71 (4): 589–617.Google Scholar
Krieger, Linda Hamilton, Best, Rachel Kahn, and Edelman, Lauren B.. 2015. “When ‘Best Practices’ Win, Employees Lose: Symbolic Compliance and Judicial Inference in Federal Equal Employment Opportunity Cases.” Law & Social Inquiry 40 (4): 843–79.Google Scholar
Linenberger, Patricia and Keaveny, Timothy J.. 1981. “Sexual Harassment: The Employer’s Legal Obligations.” Personnel 58 (6): 60–68.Google Scholar
Martin, And rew D. and Quinn, Kevin M.. 2002. “Dynamic Ideal Point Estimation Via Markov Chain Monte Carlo for the U.S. Supreme Court, 1953–1999.” Political Analysis 10 (2): 134–53.Google Scholar
McGuire, Kevin T. “The Institutionalization of the U.S. Supreme Court.” Political Analysis 12, no. 2 (2004): 128–42.Google Scholar
Mootz, Francis J., III. 1997. “Insurance Coverage of Employment Discrimination Claims.” University of Miami Law Review 52 (1): 1–78.Google Scholar
Pritchett, C. Herman. 1948. The Roosevelt Court: A Study in Judicial Politics and Values, 1937–1947. New York: MacMillan.Google Scholar
Reiter, Keramet Ann. 2012. “The Most Restrictive Alternative: A Litigation History of Solitary Confinement in U.S. Prisons, 1960–2006.” In Studies in Law, Politics, and Society, edited by Sarat, Austin, 71–124. Bingley: Emerald Group.Google Scholar
Resnik, Judith. 2016.“Lawyers’ Ethics Beyond the Vanishing Trial: Unrepresented Claimants, De Facto Aggregations, Arbitration Mandates, and Privatized Processes.” Fordham Law Review 85 (5): 1899.Google Scholar
Roma, Elizabeth. 2011. “Mandatory Arbitration Clauses in Employment Contracts and the Need for Meaningful Judicial Review.” Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law 12 (3): 5.Google Scholar
Rubin, Ashley T. 2015. “A Neo‐Institutional Account of Prison Diffusion.” Law & Society Review 49 (2): 365–400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schoenfeld, Heather. 2010. “Mass Incarceration and the Paradox of Prison Conditions Litigation.” Law & Society Review 44 (3‐4): 731–68.Google Scholar
Schlanger, Margo and Shay, Giovanna. 2009. “Preserving the Rule of Law in America’s Jails and Prisons: The Case for Amending the Prison Litigation Reform Act.” Journal of Constitutional Law 11 (1): 139–54.Google Scholar
Segal, Jeffrey A. and Cover, Albert D.. 1989. “Ideological Values and the Votes of U.S. Supreme Court Justices.” American Political Science Review 83 (2): 557–65.Google Scholar
Katherine Van Wezel, Stone. 1995. “Mandatory arbitration of individual employment rights: the yellow dog contract of the 1990s.” Denver University Law Review 73: 1017–50.Google Scholar
Stubbs, Jonathan K. 2016. “Demographic History of Federal Judicial Appointments by Sex and Race: 1789–2016, A.” Berkeley La Raza Law Journal 26: 92–128.Google Scholar
Sturm, Susan P. 1979. “Mastering Intervention in Prisons.” Yale Law Journal 88 (5): 1062–91.Google Scholar
Swearingen, Van. 2008. “Imprisoning Rights: The Failure of Negotiated Governance in the Prison Inmate Grievance Process.” California Law Review 96 (5): 1353–82.Google Scholar
Talesh, Shauhin A. 2015. “Legal Intermediaries: How Insurance Companies Construct the Meaning of Compliance with Antidiscrimination Laws.” Law & Policy 37 (2): 209–39.Google Scholar
Thorp, Cary D., Jr. 1973. “Fair Employment Practices: The Compliance Jungle.” Personnel Journal 52 (7): 642–49.Google Scholar
Weick, Karl E. 1976. “Educational Organizations as Loosely Coupled Systems.” Administrative Science Quarterly 21 (1): 1–19.Google Scholar
Wahlbeck, Paul J., Spriggs, James F., and Maltzman, Forrest. 1998. “Marshalling the Court: Bargaining and Accommodation on the United States Supreme Court.” American Journal of Political Science 294–315.Google Scholar
Cases
Burlington Industries v. Ellerth, 524 U.S. 742 (1998).
Costello v. Wainwright, 397 F. Supp. 20, M.D. Fla. (1975).
Faragher v. City of Boca Raton, 524 U.S. 775 (1998).
Furnco Construction v. Waters, 438 U.S. 567 (1978).
Grubb v. W.A. Foote Memorial Hospital, Inc., 741 F.2d 1486 (6th Cir. 1984).
Hudson v. Palmer, 468 U.S. 517 (1984).
Turner v. Safley, 482 U.S. 78 (1987).
Verniero v. Airforce Academy School District No. 20, 705 F2d. 388, (10th Cir. 1983).
Widmar v. Sun Chemical Corp., 772 F.3d 457, 464 (7th Cir. 2014).
Wolff v. McDonnell, 418 U.S. 539 (1974).
References
Albiston, Catherine R. et al. 2014. “The Dispute Tree and the Legal Forest.” Annual Review of Law and Social Sciences 10 (1): 105–31.Google Scholar
Bronfenbrenner, Kate. 2009. “No Holds Barred: The Intensification of Employer Opposition to Organizing.” Briefing Paper #235, Economic Policy Institute.Google Scholar
Bumiller, Katherine. 1988. The Civil Rights Society: The Social Construction of Victims. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Commission of the Future of Worker-Management Relations. 1994. “Fact Finding Report.” Washington, DC: Department of Labor and Department of Commerce.Google Scholar
Crain, Marion and Kim, Pauline T.. 2013. “A Holistic Approach to Teaching Work Law.” St. Louis University Law Journal 58 (1): 7–26.Google Scholar
Delton, Jennifer. 2009. Racial Integration in Corporate America, 1940–1990. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Douglas, Dorothy W. 1919. “American Minimum Wage Laws at Work.” American Economic Review 9 (4): 701–38.Google Scholar
Dunn, Megan and Walker, James. 2016. “Union Membership in the United States.” U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Edelman, Lauren B. 2016. Working Law: Courts, Corporations, and Symbolic Civil Rights. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Estlund, Cynthia 2005. “Rebuilding the Law of the Workplace in an Era of Self- Regulation.” Columbia Law Review 105 (2): 319–404.Google Scholar
Estlund, Cynthia 2002. “The Ossification of American Labor Law.” Columbia Law Review 102 (6): 1527–1612.Google Scholar
Estlund, Cynthia L. 1996. “The Changing Workplace: Wrongful Discharge Protections in an At-Will World.” Texas Law Review 74: 1655–92.Google Scholar
Feeley, Malcolm M. and Rubin, Edward L.. 1998. Judicial Policy Making and the Modern State: How Courts Reformed America’s Prisons. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Feinman, Jay M. 1976. “The Development of the Employment at Will Rule.” American Journal of Legal History 20 (2): 118–35.Google Scholar
Fisk, Catherine. 2002. “Union Lawyers and Employment Law.” Berkeley Journal of Employment and Labor Law 23(1): 57–105.Google Scholar
Fisk, Catherine L. 2015. “Law and the Evolving Shape of Labor: Narratives of Expansion and Retrenchment.” Law, Culture, and the Humanities 11 (1): 17–29.Google Scholar
Flynn, And rea, Holmberg, Susan R., Warren, Dorian T., and Wong, Felicia J.. 2017. The Hidden Rules of Race: Barriers to an Inclusive Economy. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Forbath, William. 1989. “The Shaping of the American Labor Movement.” Harvard Law Review 102 (6): 1111–256.Google Scholar
Freeman, Richard B. and Rogers, Joel. 1999. What Workers Want. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Freeman, Richard B. 2007. “Do Workers Still Want Unions? More than Ever.” Briefing Paper #182, Economic Policy Institute.Google Scholar
Frymer, Paul. 2003. “Acting When Elected Officials Won’t: Federal Courts and Civil Rights Enforcement in U.S. Labor Unions, 1935–1985.” American Political Science Review 97 (3): 483–99.Google Scholar
Frymer, Paul. 2008. Black and Blue: African Americans, the Labor Movement, and the Decline of the Democratic Party. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Getman, Julius G. 2016. The Supreme Court on Unions: Why Labor Law is Failing American Workers. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Gillman, Howard. 1993. The Constitution Besieged: The Rise and Demise of Lochner Era Police Powers. Durham: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Gould, William B. 2000. “The Third Way: Labor Policy Beyond the New Deal.” University of Kansas Law Review 48 (4): 751–64.Google Scholar
Haltom, William and Michael, McCann. 2004. Distorting the Law: Politics, Media, and the Litigation Crisis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Kalev, Alexandra, Dobbin, Frank, and Kelly, Erin. 2006. “Best Practices or Best Guesses? Assessing the Efficacy of Corporate Affirmative Action and Diversity Policies.” American Sociological Review 71 (4): 589–617.Google Scholar
Lee, Sophia Z. 2014. The Workplace Constitution from the New Deal to the New Right. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lee, Sophia Z. 2015. “A Signal or a Silo?: Title VII’s Unexpected Hegemony,” in A Nation of Widening Opportunities: The Civil Rights Act at 50, edited by Katz, Ellen and Bagenstos., Samuel Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Lichtenstein, Nelson. 2001. State of the Union. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Lichtenstein, Nelson. 2008. “How Wal-Mart Fights Unions.” Minnesota Law Review 92 (5): 1462–501.Google Scholar
Lieberman, Robert C. 2002. “Ideas, Institutions, and Political Order: Explaining Political Change.” American Political Science Review 96 (4): 697–712.Google Scholar
Orren, Karen. 1992. Belated Feudalism: Labor, the Law, and Liberal Development in the United States. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Sachs, Benjamin I. 2008. “Employment Law as Labor Law.” Cardozo Law Review 29 (6): 2685.Google Scholar
Schiller, Reuel Edward. 2015. Forging Rivals: Race, Class, Law, and the Collapse of Postwar Liberalism. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Skocpol, Theda. 1992. Protecting Soldiers and Mothers: The Political Origins of Social Policy in the United States. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Skrentny, John David. 1996. The Ironies of Affirmative Action: Politics, Culture, and Justice in America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Skrentny, John D. 2002. The Minority Rights Revolution. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Skrentny, John D. 2014. After Civil Rights: Racial Realism in the New American Workplace. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Staszak, Sarah. 2015. No Day in Court: Access to Justice and the Politics of Judicial Retrenchment. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Stein, Judith. 1999. Running Steel, Running America: Race, Economic Policy and the Decline of Liberalism. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Stone, Katherine V. W. 2004. From Widgets to Digits: Employment Regulation for the Changing Workplace. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tomlins, Christopher. 1985. The State and the Unions: Labor Relations, Law, and the Organized Labor Movement in America, 1880–1960. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Warren, Dorian T. 2010. “The American Labor Movement in the Age of Obama: The Challenges and Opportunities of a Racialized Political Economy.” Perspectives on Politics 8 (3): 847–60.Google Scholar
Weiler, Paul. 1983. “Promises to Keep: Securing Workers’ Rights to Self-Organization Under the NLRA.” Harvard Law Review 96 (8): 1769–827.Google Scholar
Witt, John Fabian. 2004. The Accidental Republic: Crippled Workingmen, Destitute Widows, and the Remaking of American Law. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Wood, H. G. 1886. A Treatise on the Law of Master and Servant Covering the Relation, Duties, and Liabilities of Employers and Employees. Albany: John D. Parsons, Jr.Google Scholar
Bibliography
Associated Press. 1992. “Rehnquist Carps at Congress.” Newsday, January 1, 1992. ProQuest doc. ID: 278465596.Google Scholar
Axelrad, Danielle R., Kelley, Derek W., Judith Feinberg, Jennifer E. Sherven, . 1999. “A Survey of Federal Cases Involving the Constitutionality of the Violence Against Women Act.” Public Interest Law Journal 9: 133–59.Google Scholar
Balogh, Brian. 1991. “Reorganizing the Organizational Synthesis: Federal-Professional Relations in Modern America.” Studies in American Political Development 5: 119–72.Google Scholar
Barnes, Jeb. 2007. “Bringing the Courts Back In: Interbranch Perspectives on the Role of Courts in American Politics and Policy Making.” Annual Review of Political Science 10: 25–43.Google Scholar
Barrow, Deborah J., Zuk, Gary, and Gryski, Gerard S.. 1996. The Federal Judiciary and Institutional Change. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Berry, Ellen, Nelson, Robert L., and Nielson, Laura Beth. 2017. Rights on Trial: How Workplace Discrimination Law Perpetuates Inequality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Biden, Senator Joseph R. 2000. “Essay: The Civil Rights Remedy of the Violence Against Women Act: A Defense.” Harvard Journal on Legislation 37: 1–45.Google Scholar
Byrd, Richeé A. 2002. “Specific Provisions of the Violence Against Women Act.” Georgetown Journal of Gender and the Law 3: 595–608.Google Scholar
Bumiller, Kristin. 2008. In an Abusive State: How Neoliberalism Appropriated the Feminist Movement Against Sexual Violence. Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Carpenter, Daniel P. 2000. “State Building through Reputation Building: Coalitions of Esteem and Program Innovation in the National Postal System, 1883–1913.” Studies in American Political Development 14 (2000): 121–55.Google Scholar
Chutkow, Dawn W. 2014. “The Chief Justice as Executive: Judicial Conference Committee Appointments.” Journal of Law and Courts 2: 301–25.Google Scholar
Clayton, Cornell W. and Pickerill, Mitchell. 2006. “The Politics of Criminal Justice: How the New Right Regime Shaped the Rehnquist Court’s Criminal Justice Jurisprudence.” The Georgetown Law Journal 95: 1385–425.Google Scholar
Congressional Quarterly Almanac 102nd Congress, 1st Session. 1991.Google Scholar
Corrigan, Rose. 2013. Up Against a Wall: Rape Reform and the Failure of Success. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Crenshaw, Kimberlé. 1991. “Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color.” Stanford Law Review 43: 1241–99.Google Scholar
Crowe, Justin. 2012. Building the Judiciary: Law, Courts, and the Politics of Institutional Development. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Decker, Jefferson. 2016. The Other Rights Revolution: Conservative Lawyers and the Remaking of American Government. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Diver, Colin. 1981. “Policymaking Paradigms in Administrative Law.” Harvard Law Review 95: 393–434.Google Scholar
Easterling, Michelle W. 1996. “For Better or Worse: The Federalization of Domestic Violence.” West Virginia Law Review 98: 933–53.Google Scholar
Edelman, Murray. 1974. 6th edn. The Symbolic Uses of Politics. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Edelman, Lauren B. 1992. “Legal Ambiguity and Symbolic Structures: Organizational Mediation of Civil Rights Law.” American Journal of Sociology 97: 1531–76.Google Scholar
Edelman, Lauren B., Smyth, Aaron C., and Rahim, Asad. 2016. “Legal Discrimination: Empirical Sociolegal and Critical Race Perspectives on Antidiscrimination Law.” Annual Review of Law and Social Science 12: 395–15.Google Scholar
Epp, Charles R. 2009. Making Rights REAL: Activists, Bureaucrats, and the Creation of the Legalistic State. Chicago: University Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Farhang, Sean. 2012. “Legislative-Executive Conflict and Private Statutory Litigation in the United States: Evidence from Labor, Civil Rights, and Environmental Law.” Law & Social Inquiry 37: 657–85.Google Scholar
Farhang, Sean. 2010. The Litigation State: Public Regulation and Private Lawsuits in the U.S. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Feeley, Malcolm M. 1979. The Process is the Punishment: Handling Cases in a Lower Court. New York: Russell Sage.Google Scholar
Feeley, Malcolm M. and Rubin, Edward L.. 1998. Judicial Policy Making and the Modern State: How the Courts Reformed American’s Prisons. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Feeley, Malcolm M. and Rubin, Edward. 1992. “Prison Litigation and Bureaucratic Development.” Law & Social Inquiry 17: 125–45.Google Scholar
Feeley, Malcolm M. and Swearingen, Van. 2004. “The Prison Conditions Cases and the Bureaucratization of American Corrections: Influences, Impacts and Implications.” Pace Law Review 24: 433–75.Google Scholar
Federal Judicial Center. 1987. Education and Research Agency US Courts. Accessed January 16, 2018. www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/admin_01_01_02.htmlGoogle Scholar
Fine, David M. 1998. “The Note: Violence Against Women Act of 1994: The Proper Role in Policing Violence Against Women Act of 1994.” Cornell Law Review 84: 252–303.Google Scholar
Fish, Peter G. 1973. The Politics of Federal Judicial Administration. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Freedman, Estelle B. 2013. Redefining RAPE: Sexual Violence in the Era of Suffrage and Segregation. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Frymer, Paul. 2008. “Law and American Political Development.” Law & Social Inquiry 33: 779–803.Google Scholar
Gash, Alison L. 2015. Below the Radar: How Silence Can Save Civil Rights. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Gilbert, Jess. 2016. Planning Democracy: Agrarian Intellectuals and the Intended New Deal. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Goldfarb, Sally F. 2004. “Public Rights for ‘Private’ Wrongs: Sexual Harassment and the Violence Against Women Act.” In Directions in Sexual Harassment Law, edited by MacKinnon, Catherine A. and Siegel, Reva B., 516–34. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Goldfarb, Sally F 2002. “The Supreme Court, the Violence Against Women Act, and the Use and Abuse of Federalism.” Fordham Law Review 71: 57–146.Google Scholar
Goldfarb, Sally F 2010. “Viewing the Violence Against Women Act Through the Lenses of Feminist Legal Theory.” Women’s Rights Law Reporter 31: 198–205.Google Scholar
Goldfarb, Sally F 1996. “The Violence Against Women Act of 1994: A Promise Waiting to Be Fulfilled.” Journal of Law and Policy 4: 391–97.Google Scholar
Goldscheid, Julie. 2005. “Civil Rights Remedy of the 1994 Violence Against Women Act: Struck Down but Not Ruled Out, The.” Family Law Quarterly 39: 157–80.Google Scholar
Goldscheid, Julie 1999. “Gender-Motivated Violence: Developing a Meaningful Paradigm for Civil Rights Enforcement.” Harvard Women’s Law Journal 22: 123–58.Google Scholar
Goldscheid, Julie 2000. “The Second Circuit Addresses Gender-Based Violence: A Review of Violence Against Women Act Cases.” Brooklyn Law Review 66: 457–71.Google Scholar
Goldscheid, Julie 2000. “United States v. Morrison and the Civil Rights Remedy of the Violence Against Women Act: A Civil Rights Law Struck Down in the Name of Federalism.” Cornell Law Review 86: 109–39.Google Scholar
Linda, Greenhouse. 1992. “Ease Load on Courts, Rehnquist Urges.” New York Times, January 1, 1992. ProQuest doc. ID: 428369420.Google Scholar
Grisinger, Joanna L. 2012. The Unwieldy American State: Administrative Politics Since the New Deal. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Grossmann, Matt. 2014. Artists of the Possible: Governing Networks and American Policy Changes Since 1945. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hallock, W.H. 1993. “The Violence Against Women Act: Civil Rights for Sexual Assault Victims.” Indiana Law Journal 68: 577–617.Google Scholar
Harrington, Christine B. 1994. “Outlining a Theory of Legal Practice.” In Lawyers in a Postmodern World: Translation and Transgression, edited by Cain, Maureen and Harrington, Christine B.: 49–69. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Harrington, Christine B. and Yngvesson, Barbara. 1990. “Interpretive Sociolegal Research.” Law & Social Inquiry 15: 135–48.Google Scholar
Hollis-Brusky, Amanda. 2014. Ideas with Consequences: The Federalist Society and the Conservative Counterrevolution. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hollis-Brusky, Amanda 2013. “It’s the Network: The Federalist Society as a Supplier of Intellectual Capital for the Supreme Court.” Studies in Law, Politics and Society 61: 137–78.Google Scholar
Hollis-Brusky, Amanda 2011. “Support Structures and Constitutional Change: Teles, Southworth, and the Conservative Legal Movement.” Law & Social Inquiry 36: 516–36.Google Scholar
Judicial Conference of the US Courts “Resolution on Violence Against Women” and Letter of Judge Stanley Marcus, Chairman, Ad-Hoc Committee on Gender-Based Violence. March 16, 1993. H.R. Hearing, reprinted in “Crimes of Violence Motivated by Gender: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Civil and Constitutional Rights of the Committee on the Judiciary.” Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, 103rd Cong., 1st Sess. 51, 70–73.Google Scholar
Judicial Conference of the US Courts. Report of the Proceedings of the Judicial Conference, September 21, 1987. Washington, DC: Administrative Office of the US Courts. www.uscourts.gov/about-federal-courts/reports-proceedings-1980sGoogle Scholar
Judicial Conference of the US Courts Report of the Proceedings of the Judicial Conference, September 12, 1990. Washington, DC: Administrative Office of the US Courts.Google Scholar
Judicial Conference of the US Courts Report of the Proceedings of the Judicial Conference, September 23–24, 1991. Washington, DC: Administrative Office of the US Courts.Google Scholar
Judicial Conference of the US Courts Report of the Proceedings of the Judicial Conference, March 16, 1992. Washington, DC: Administrative Office of the US Courts.Google Scholar
Judicial Conference of the US Courts Report of the Proceedings of the Judicial Conference, March 16, 1993. Washington, DC: Administrative Office of the US Courts.Google Scholar
Keck, Thomas. 2009. “Beyond Backlash: Assessing the Impact of Judicial Decisions on LGBT Rights.” Law & Society Review 43: 151–86.Google Scholar
Keck, Thomas 2004. The Most Activist Supreme Court in History: The Road to Modern Judicial Conservatism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Kolko, Gabriel. 1976. “The Foundations of the Political Economy 1875–1920.” In Main Currents in Modern American History. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Kotkin, Minna J. 1995–1996. “The Violence Against Women Act Project: Teaching a New Generation of Public Interest Lawyers.” Journal of Law and Policy 4: 435–61.Google Scholar
MacKinnon, Catharine A. 2000. “Disputing Male Sovereignty: On United States v. Morrison”. Harvard Law Review 114: 135–77.Google Scholar
MacKinnon, Catharine A 1979. Sexual Harassment of Working Women. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Maloney, Kerrie E. 1996. “Gender-Motivated Violence and the Commerce Clause: The Civil Rights Provision of the Violence Against Women Act After Lopez.” Columbia Law Review 96: 1876–939.Google Scholar
McTaggart, Kelli C. 1998. “The Violence Against Women Act: Recognizing a Federal Civil Right to Be Free from Violence.” Georgetown Law Journal 86: 1123–51.Google Scholar
Minow, Martha, Ryan, Michael, and Sarat, Austin, eds. 1995. Narrative, Violence and the Law: The Essays of Robert Cover. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Conference of Chief Justices. 2009. The History of the Conference of Chief Justices: 60th Anniversary. Williamsburg, VA: National Center for State Courts.Google Scholar
Nourse, Victoria F. 1996. “Where Violence, Relationship, and Equality Meet: The Violence Against Women Act’s Civil Rights Remedy.” Wisconsin Women’s Law Journal 11: 1–36.Google Scholar
Olsen, F. E. 1983. “The Family and the Market: A Study of Ideology and Legal Reform.” Harvard Law Review 96: 1497–578.Google Scholar
Orren, Karen and Skowronek, Stephen. 2004. The Search for American Political Development. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Paris, Michael. 2010. Framing Equal Opportunity: Law and the Politics of School Finance Reform. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Post, Robert C. 2003. “The Supreme Court 2002 Term Forward: Fashioning the Legal Constitution: Culture, Courts, and Law.” Harvard Law Review 117: 4–112.Google Scholar
Post, Robert C. 2006. “Federalism, Positive Law, and the Emergence of the American Administrative State: Prohibition in the Taft Court Era.” William and Mary Law Review 48: 1–183.Google Scholar
Provine, Doris Marie. 1988. “Judicial Government.” Law and Contemporary Problems 51: 83–109.Google Scholar
Rehnquist, William. 1992. “Chief Justice’s 1991 Year-End Report on the Federal Judiciary.” The Third Branch: Newsletter of the Federal Courts 24: 1–12.Google Scholar
Resnik, Judith. 2010. “Drafting, Lobbying, and Litigating VAWA: National, Local, and Transnational Interventions on Behalf of Women’s Equality.” Georgetown Journal of Gender and Law 11: 557–69.Google Scholar
Resnik, Judith 2000. “The Programmatic Judiciary: Lobby, Judging, and Invalidating the Violence Against Women Act.” Southern California Law Review 74: 269–93.Google Scholar
Rubin, Edward L. and Feeley, Malcolm M.. 1993. “Federalism: Some Notes on a National Neurosis.” UCLA Law Review 41: 903–52.Google Scholar
Scheingold, Stuart A. 2004. The Politics of Rights: Lawyers, Public Policy, and Political Change. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Schmidt, Caroline S. 2015. “What Killed the Violence Against Women Act’s Civil Rights Remedy Before the Supreme Court Did.” Virginia Law Review 101: 501–57.Google Scholar
Schneider, Elizabeth M. 2000. Battered Women & Feminist Lawmaking. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Schneider, Elizabeth M 1996. “Introduction: The Promise of the Violence Against Women Act of 1994.” Journal of Law and Policy 4: 371–76.Google Scholar
Schreiber, Ronnee. 2008. Righting Feminism: Conservative Women & American Politics. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Schumer, Representative Charles. “Opening Statement of U.S. House of Representatives, Subcommittee on Crime and Criminal Justice, Committee on the Judiciary.” 102nd Congress, Second Session, Serial No. 42, February 6, 1992: 1–6.Google Scholar
Scott, James C. 1998. Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Siegel, Reva B. 1996. “‘The Rule of Law’: Wife Beating as Prerogative and Privacy.” Yale Law Journal 105: 2117–208.Google Scholar
Staszak, Sarah. 2010. “Institutions, Rulemaking, and the Politics of Judicial Retrenchment.” Studies in American Political Development 24: 168–89.Google Scholar
Staszak, Sarah 2015. No Day in Court: Access to Justice and the Politics of Judicial Retrenchment. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Teles, Steven M. 2008. The Rise of the Conservative Legal Movement: The Battle for Control of the Law. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Thelen, Kathleen. 2000. “Timing and Temporality in the Analysis of Institutional Evolution and Change.” Studies in American Political Development 14: 101–08.Google Scholar
Tomlins, Christopher. 2012. “What is Left of the Law and Society Paradigm after Critique? Revisiting Gordon’s ‘Critical Legal Histories.’” Law & Social Inquiry 37: 155–66.Google Scholar
Tushnet, Mark. 2008. “The Rights Revolution in the Twentieth Century.” In The Cambridge History of Law in America, vol. 3, edited by Grossberg, Michael and Tomlins, Christopher: 377–402. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Twiss, Benjamin R. 1962. Lawyers and the Constitution: How Laissez Faire Came to the Supreme Court. New York: Russell & Russell Inc.Google Scholar
Washington Post. 1992. “Expanding Federal Court Role Opposed; Rehnquist Says Congress Is Endangering Quality and Credibility.” January 1, 1992. ProQuest doc. ID: 307488732.Google Scholar
Williams, Patricia. 1987. “Spirit-Murdering the Messenger: The Discourse of Finger Pointing as the Law’s Response to Racism.” University of Miami Law Review 42: 127–57.Google Scholar
Weiss, Carolyn Peri. 1997. “Title III of the Violence Against Women Act: Constitutionally Safe and Sound.” Washington University Law Quarterly 75: 723–49.Google Scholar
Cases
Brzonkala v. Virginia Polytechnic Inst. & State University (1997) 132 F.3d 949, USCA 4th Circuit, vote 2–1.
Brzonkala v. Virginia Polytechnic Inst. & State University (1999) 169 F.3d 820, USCA 4th Circuit, en banc vote 7–4.
Civil Rights Cases (1883) 109 US 3; vote 8–1.
Griffin v. Breckenridge (1971) 403 US 88; vote 9–0.
U.S. v. Lopez (1995) 514 US 549; vote 5–4.
U.S. v. Morrison (2000) 529 US 598; vote 5–4.
Amici Curiae Brief of Law Professors in Support of Petitioners, U.S. v. Morrison, 120 S. Ct. 1740 (2000) (Nos. 99–5, 99–29).
U.S. Reply Brief, U.S. v. Morrison (1999).
Legislation
Violence Against Women Act (VAWA), 135 42 U.S.C. § 13981 (1994); (P.L. 103–322)
Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, PuB. L. No. 103–322, 108 Stat. 1796. 42 U.S.C.A. § 13981(b)-(c) (1995).
References
Alexander, Michelle. 2010. The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. New York: New Press.Google Scholar
Feeley, Malcolm M. and Rubin, Edward L.. 1998. Judicial Policy Making and the Modern State: How the Courts Reformed America’s Prisons. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Feeley, Malcolm M. and Simon, Jonathan. 1992. “The New Penology: Notes on the Emerging Strategy of Corrections and Its Implications.” Criminology 30 (4): 449–74.Google Scholar
Fleury-Steiner, Benjamin and Longazel, Jamie G.. 2013. The Pains of Mass Imprisonment. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Gottschalk, Marie. 2015. Caught: The Prison State and the Lockdown of American Politics. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Guetzkow, Joshua and Schoon, Eric. 2015. “If You Build It, They Will Fill It: The Consequences of Prison Overcrowding Litigation.” Law & Society Review 49 (2): 401–32.Google Scholar
Haney, Craig. 2006. Reforming Punishment: Psychological Limits to the Pains of Imprisonment. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Johal, Kiira J. 2014. “Note: Judges Behind Bars, the Intrusiveness Requirement’s Restrictions on the Implementation of Relief under the Prison Litigation Reform Act.” Columbia Law Review 114: 715–44.Google Scholar
Lynch, Mona. 2009. Sunbelt Justice: Arizona and the Transformation of American Punishment. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Reiter, Keramet. 2016. 23/7: Pelican Bay and the Rise of Longterm Solitary Confinement. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Rubin, Edward L. 2001. “The Inevitability of Rehabilitation.” Law & Inequality 19: 343–77.Google Scholar
Schlanger, Margo. 2006. “Civil Rights Injunctions over Time: A Case Study of Jail and Prison Court Orders.” New York University Law Review 81: 550–630.Google Scholar
Schlanger, Margo. 2015. “Trends in Prisoner Litigation as the PLRA Enters Adulthood.” University of California Irvine Law Review 5: 154–78.Google Scholar
Schoenfeld, Heather. 2010. “Mass Incarceration and the Paradox of Prison Conditions Litigation.” Law & Society Review 44 (3–4): 731–68.Google Scholar
Simon, Jonathan. 2014. Mass Incarceration on Trial: A Remarkable Court Decision and the Future of American Prisons. New York: New Press.Google Scholar
Simon, Jonathan. 2014b. “An Unenviable Task: How Federal Courts Legitimized Mass Incarceration,” in Legitimacy and Criminal Justice: An International Exploration, edited by Tankebe, Justice and Liebling, Alison. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 227–46.Google Scholar
Sullivan, Kyle T. 2013. “To Free or Not to Free: Rethinking Release Orders under the Prison Litigation Reform Act after Brown v. Plata.” Boston College Journal of Law & Social Justice 33 (2): 419–51.Google Scholar
van Zyl Smit, Dirk and Snacken, Sonja. 2009. Principles of European Prison Law and Policy: Penology and Human Rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Western, Bruce. 2006. Punishment and Inequality in America. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Zimring, Franklin E. and Hawkins, Gordon J.. 1993. The Scale of Imprisonment. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Zimring, Franklin and Hawkins, Gordon. 1995. Incapacitation: Penal Confinement and the Restraint of Crime. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Cases
Braggs v. Dunn, United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama, Civil Action No. 2:14cv601-MHT (WO), June 17, 2017
Brown v. Plata (2011) 563 U.S. 493, 131 S.Ct. 1910
Holt v. Sarver (1969) 300 F.Supp. 825 District Court for the District of Arkansas
Trop v. Dulles (1958) 356 U.S. 86
References
Cichowski, Rachel. 2007. The European Court and Civil Society, Litigation, Mobilization and Governance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cohen, Hillel. 2009. An Army of Shadows: Palestinian Collaborators in the Service of Zionism. Oakland: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Cohen, Hillel and Dudai, Ron. 2005. “Human Rights Dilemmas in Using Informers to Combat Terrorism: The Israeli-Palestinian Case.” Terrorism and Political Violence 17 (1–2): 229–43.Google Scholar
Cohen, Hillel and Dudai, Ron. 2007. “Triangle of Betrayal: Collaborators and Transitional Justice in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict. ” Journal of Human Rights 6: 37–58.Google Scholar
Davidov, Guy and Reichman, Amnon. 2010. “Prolonged Armed Conflict and Diminished Deference to the Military: Lessons from Israel.” Law & Social Inquiry 35: 919–56.Google Scholar
Dotan, Yoav. 2014. Lawyering for the Rule of Law: Government Lawyers and the Rise of Judicial Power in Israel. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Feeley, Malcolm and Rubin, Edward. 1998. Judicial Policy-making and the Modern State. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gelber, Yoav. 1992. Growing a Felur-de-Lis: The Intelligence Services of the Jewish Yishuv in Palestine 1918–1947. Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defense.Google Scholar
Gillon, Cami. 2000. Shin-Bet between the Schisms. Tel Aviv: Yedioth Ahronoth Books and Chemed Books.Google Scholar
Hofnung, Menachem 2017. “The Price of Intelligence Collection: Relocation of Palestinian Informers in Israeli Towns.” Misphat Umimshal (Haifa Law Review, in Hebrew) 18: 55–97.Google Scholar
Hofnung, Menachem and Weinshall-Margel, Keren. 2010. “Judicial Setbacks, Material Gains: Terror Litigation at the Israeli High Court of Justice.” Journal of Legal Empirical Studies 7: 664–92.Google Scholar
Lefen, Asa. 1997. HaShai: The Roots of the Israeli Intelligence Community. Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defense.Google Scholar
Martinsen, Dorte Sindbjerg. 2015. “Judicial Influence on Policy Outputs? The Political Constraints of Legal Integration in the European Union.” Comparative Political Studies 48: 1622–60.Google Scholar
Rosenberg, Gerald. 2008. The Hollow Hope: Can Courts Bring About Social Change? Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Silverstein, Gordon. 2009. Laws Allure: How Law Shapes, Saves, and Kills American Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Sweet, Alex Stone. 2000. Governing with Judges: Constitutional Politics in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar