Book contents
- Half title page
- Title page
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Figures
- Tables
- Editors and contributors
- 1 Digging into dominance: A closer look at language dominance in bilinguals
- 2 Dominance and proficiency in early and late bilingualism
- 3 Related but different: The two concepts of language dominance and language proficiency
- 4 The Complementarity Principle and its impact on processing, acquisition, and dominance
- 5 Dominance in bilingualism: Foundations of measurement, with insights from the study of handedness
- 6 Using lexical diversity measures to operationalize language dominance in bilinguals
- 7 Balance patterns in early bilingual acquisition: A longitudinal study of word comprehension and production
- 8 Amount of exposure as a proxy for dominance in bilingual language acquisition
- 9 The role of the childhood environment for language dominance: A study of adult simultaneous bilingual speakers of German and French
- 10 Assessing the relationship between input and strength of language development: A study on Italian–English bilingual children
- 11 Measuring language dominance in bilingual children: Implications for crosslinguistic influence
- 12 Language dominance: The construct, its measurement, and operationalization
- 13 Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Index
- References
Bibliography
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 18 December 2015
Book contents
- Half title page
- Title page
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Figures
- Tables
- Editors and contributors
- 1 Digging into dominance: A closer look at language dominance in bilinguals
- 2 Dominance and proficiency in early and late bilingualism
- 3 Related but different: The two concepts of language dominance and language proficiency
- 4 The Complementarity Principle and its impact on processing, acquisition, and dominance
- 5 Dominance in bilingualism: Foundations of measurement, with insights from the study of handedness
- 6 Using lexical diversity measures to operationalize language dominance in bilinguals
- 7 Balance patterns in early bilingual acquisition: A longitudinal study of word comprehension and production
- 8 Amount of exposure as a proxy for dominance in bilingual language acquisition
- 9 The role of the childhood environment for language dominance: A study of adult simultaneous bilingual speakers of German and French
- 10 Assessing the relationship between input and strength of language development: A study on Italian–English bilingual children
- 11 Measuring language dominance in bilingual children: Implications for crosslinguistic influence
- 12 Language dominance: The construct, its measurement, and operationalization
- 13 Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Index
- References
Summary
A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Language Dominance in BilingualsIssues of Measurement and Operationalization, pp. 269 - 296Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2015
References
Abrahamsson, N., & Hyltenstam, K. (2009). Age of onset and nativelikeness in L2: Listener perception versus linguistic scrutiny. Language Learning, 59, 249–306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adragão, M., & Costa, J. (2003). On the status of preverbal subjects in null subject languages: evidence from acquisition. In van Kampen, J & Baauw, S. (Eds.), Proceedings of GALA 2003 (Vol. 1, pp. 69–80). Utrecht: LOT.Google Scholar
Ågren, M., Granfeldt, J., & Thomas, A. (2014). Combined effects of age of onset and input on the development of different grammatical structures: A study of simultaneous and successive bilingual acquisition of French. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 4, 461–492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park: Sage.Google Scholar
Alarcón, I. (2011). Spanish gender agreement under complete and incomplete acquisition: Early and late bilinguals’ linguistic behavior within the noun phrase. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 14, 332–350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Altman, D. G. (1998). Categorizing continuous variables. In Armitage, P. & Colton, T. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of biostatistics (pp. 563–567). New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Altman, D. G., & Royston, P. (2006). The cost of dichotomizing continuous variables. British Medical Journal, 332, 1080.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ameel, E., Malt, B., Storms, G., & Van Assche, F. (2009). Semantic convergence in the bilingual lexicon. Journal of Memory and Language, 60, 270–290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Annett, M. (1970). A classification of hand preference by association analysis. British Journal of Psychology, 61, 303–321.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Annett, M. (1976). A coordination of hand preference and skill replicated. British Journal of Psychology, 67, 587–592.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Annett, M. (1998a). The stability of handedness. In Connolly, K. J. (Ed.), Psychobiology of the hand (pp. 63–76). London: Mac Keith Press (Clinics in Developmental Medicine).Google Scholar
Annett, M. (1998b). Handedness and cerebral dominance: The right shift theory. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 10, 459–469.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Antelmi, D. (1997). La prima grammatical dell’italiano: Indagine longitudinale sull’acquisizione della morfosintassi italiana. Bologna: il Mulino.Google Scholar
Arencibia Guerra, L. (2008). Sprachdominanz bei bilingualen Kindern mit Deutsch und Französisch, Italienisch oder Spanisch als Erstsprachen. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Bergische Universität Wuppertal.Google Scholar
Argyri, E., & Sorace, A. (2007). Crosslinguistic influence and language dominance in older bilingual children. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 10, 79–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arias, J., Kintana, N., Rakow, M., & Rieckborn, S. (2005). Sprachdominanz: Konzepte und Kriterien. Working Papers on Multilingualism, 68. University of Hamburg.Google Scholar
Arnaus Gil, L. (2013). La selección copulativa y auxiliar: Las lenguas romances (español – italiano – catalán – francés) y el alemán en contacto – Su adquisición en niños bilingües y trilingües. Tübingen: Narr.Google Scholar
Au, T., Knightly, L, Jun, S., & Oh, J. (2002). Overhearing a language during childhood. Psychological Science, 13, 238–243.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Averintseva-Klisch, M. (2008). German right dislocation and afterthought in discourse. In Benz, A. & Kühnlein, P. (Eds.), Constraints in discourse (pp. 225–247). Amsterdam: Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bachman, L. F. (1985). Performance on cloze tests with fixed ratio and rational deletions. TESOL Quarterly, 16, 61–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bachman, L. F., & Palmer, A. (2010). Language assessment in practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bachman, L. F., & Savignon, S. J. (1990). Fundamental considerations in language testing. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Baetens Beardsmore, H. (1982). Bilingualism: Basic principles. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Bahrick, H. P., Hall, L. K., Goggin, J. P., Bahrick, L. E., & Berger, S. A. (1994). Fifty years of language maintenance and language dominance in bilingual Hispanic immigrants. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 123, 264–283.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baker, C. (2011). Foundations of bilingual education and bilingualism (5th ed.). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Baker, C., & Prys Jones, S. (1998). Encyclopedia of bilingualism and bilingual education. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Balukas, C., & Koops, C. (2014). Spanish–English bilingual VOT in spontaneous code-switching. International Journal of Bilingualism. Published online before print January 14, 2014, doi:10.1177/1367006913516035.Google Scholar
Barlow, J. A. (2002). Error patterns and transfer in Spanish–English bilingual phonological development. In Skarabela, B., Fish, S., & Do, A. H.-J. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Boston University Conference on Language Development, 26, 60–71.Google Scholar
Barnes, J., & García, I. (2013). Vocabulary growth and composition in monolingual and bilingual Basque infants and toddlers. International Journal of Bilingualism, 17, 357–374.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bates, E., & Goodman, J. (1997). On the inseparability of grammar and the lexicon: Evidence from acquisition, aphasia and real-time processing. In. Altmann, G. (Ed.), Special issue on the lexicon. Language and Cognitive Processes, 12, 507–586.Google Scholar
Bates, E., Dale, P. S., & Thal, D. (1995). Individual differences and their implications for theories of language development. In Fletcher, P. & MacWhinney, B. (Eds.), The handbook of child language (pp. 96–151). Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.Google Scholar
Bedore, L. M., Pena, E. D., Summers, C. L., Boerger, K. M., Resendiz, M. D., Greene, K., et al. (2012). The measure matters: Language dominance profiles across measures in Spanish–English bilingual children. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 15, 616–629.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Belletti, A., Bennati, E., & Sorace, A. (2007). Theoretical and developmental issues in the syntax of subjects: Evidence from near-native Italian. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 25, 657–689.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benmamoun, E., Montrul, S., & Polinsky, M. (2013). Heritage languages and their speakers: Opportunities and challenges for linguistics. Theoretical Linguistics, 39, 129–181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berman, R. (1979). The re-emergence of a bilingual: A case study of a Hebrew–English speaking child. Working Papers on Bilingualism, 19, 158–180.Google Scholar
Berman, R. A., & Slobin, D. I. (1994). Relating events in narrative: A crosslinguistic developmental study. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Bernardini, P. (2003). Child and adult acquisition of word order in the Italian DP. In Müller, N. (Ed.), (In)vulnerable domains in multilingualism (pp. 41–81). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernardini, P. (2004). L’Italiano come prima e seconda (madre)lingua. Indagine longitudinale sullo sviluppo del DP. In Études Romanes de Lund, 71. Doctoral dissertation, Lund University.Google Scholar
Bernardini, P., & Schlyter, S. (2004). Growing syntactic structure and code-mixing in the weaker language: The Ivy Hypothesis. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 7, 49–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bettoni, C., Di Biase, B., & Nuzzo, E. (2009). Postverbal subject in Italian L2: A Processability Theory approach. In Keßler, J.-U. & Keatinge, D. (Eds.), Research in second language acquisition: Empirical evidence across languages (pp. 153–174). Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.Google Scholar
Bialystok, E. (2009). Bilingualism: The good, the bad, and the indifferent. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 12, 3–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bialystok, E., Craik, F. I. M., & Luk, G. (2008). Lexical access in bilinguals: Effects of vocabulary size and executive control. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 21, 522–538.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bialystok, E., Luk, G., Peets, K. F., & Yang, S. (2010). Receptive vocabulary differences in monolingual and bilingual children. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 13, 525–531.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bianchi, G. (2013). Gender in Italian–German Bilinguals: A comparison with German L2 learners of Italian. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 16, 538–557.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birdsong, D. (2006). Dominance, proficiency, and second language grammatical processing. Applied Psycholinguistics, 27, 46–49.Google Scholar
Birdsong, D., & Gertken, L. M. (2013). In faint praise of folly: A critical review of native/non-native speaker comparisons, with examples from native and bilingual processing of French complex syntax. Language, Interaction and Acquisition, 4, 107–133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birdsong, D., Gertken, L. M., & Amengual, M. (2013). Bilingual language profile: An easy-to-use instrument to assess bilingualism. COERLL, University of Texas at Austin. Retrieved from https://sites.la.utexas.edu/bilingual.Google Scholar
Bishop, D., & Adams, C. (1990). A prospective study of the relationship between specific language impairment, phonological disorders and reading retardation. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 31, 1027–1050.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bishop, D. V. M., Ross, V. A., Daniels, M. S., & Bright, P. (1996). The measurement of hand preference: A validation study comparing three groups of right-handers. British Journal of Psychology, 87, 269–285.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blom, E. (2010). Effects of input on the early grammatical development of bilingual children. International Journal of Bilingualism, 14, 422–446.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blommaert, J. (1992). Codeswitching and the exclusivity of social identities: Some data from Campus Kiswahili. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 13, 57–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bloomfield, L. (1927). Literate and illiterate speech. American Speech, 432–439.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bohman, T. M., Bedore, L. M., Peña, E. D., Méndez-Pérez, A., & Gillam, R. B. (2010). What you hear and what you say: Language performance in Spanish–English bilinguals. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 13, 325–344.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bonnesen, M. (2009). The status of the “weaker” language in unbalanced French/German bilingual language acquisition. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 12, 177–192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bornstein, M. H., De Houwer, A., & Putnick, D. L. (submitted). Relations between lexical comprehension and production: Longitudinal evidence from bilingual infants and toddlers and neurodevelopmental implications.Google Scholar
De Houwer, A., Bornstein, M. H., & Leach, D. B. (2005). Assessing early communicative ability: A cross-reporter cumulative score for the MacArthur CDI. Journal of Child Language, 32, 735–758.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Houwer, A., Bornstein, M. H., & Putnick, D. L. (2014). A bilingual–monolingual comparison of young children’s vocabulary size: Evidence from comprehension and production. Applied Psycholinguistics, 35, 1189–1211.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bornstein, M. H., Putnick, D. L., & De Houwer, A. (2006). Child vocabulary across the second year: Stability and continuity for reporter comparisons and a cumulative score. First Language, 26, 299–316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bosch, L., Costa, A., & Sebastián-Gallés, N. (2000). First and second language vowel perception in early bilinguals. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 12, 189–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bottari, P., Cipriani, P., Chilosi, A. M., & Pfanner, L. (2001). The Italian determiner system in normal acquisition, specific language impairment, and childhood aphasia. Brain and Language, 77, 283–293.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bowles, M. (2011). Measuring implicit and explicit knowledge: What can heritage language learners contribute? Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 33, 247–271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, J. D. (1983). A closer look at cloze: Validity and reliability. In Oller, J. W., Jr. (Ed.), Issues in language testing research (pp. 237–250). Rowley, MA: Newbury House.Google Scholar
Brown, R. (1973). A first language: The early stages. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bruhn de Garavito, J. (2002). Verb raising in Spanish: A comparison of early and late bilinguals. In Skarabela, B., Fish, S., & Do, A. H.-J. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 26th Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development (pp. 84–94). Sommerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.Google Scholar
Brulard, I., & Carr, P. (2003). French–English bilingual acquisition of phonology: One production system or two? International Journal of Bilingualism, 7, 177–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bryden, M. P., Bulman-Fleming, M. B., & MacDonald, V. (1996). The measurement of handedness and its relation to neuropsychological issues. In Elliott, D. & Roy, E. A. (Eds.), Manual asymmetries in motor performance (pp. 57–82). Boca Raton: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Bryden, M. P., Singh, M., Steenhuis, R. E., & Clarkson, K. L. (1994). A behavioral measure of hand preference as opposed to hand skill. Neuropsychologia, 32, 991–999.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bullock, B. E., Toribio, A. J., González, V., & Dalola, A. (2006). Language dominance and performance outcomes in bilingual pronunciation. In O’Brien, M. Grantham, Shea, M., & Archibald, J. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 8th Generative Approaches to Second Language Acquisition Conference (GASLA 2006) (pp. 6–16). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.Google Scholar
Burling, R. (1959). Language development of a Garo and English speaking child. Word, 15, 45–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caldas, S. J., & Caron-Caldas, S. (1997). Cultural influences on French/English language dominance of three Louisiana children. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 10, 139–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cantone, K. F. (2007). Code-switching in bilingual children. Dordrecht: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cantone, K. F., Müller, N., Schmitz, K., & Kupisch, T. (2008). Rethinking language dominance in bilingual children. Linguistische Berichte, 215, 307–343.Google Scholar
Cantone, K. F., & Müller, N. (2005). Codeswitching at the interface of language-specific lexicons and the computational system. International Journal of Bilingualism, 9, 205–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carreira, M., & Kagan, O. (2011). The results of the National Heritage Language Survey: Implications for teaching, curriculum design, and professional development. Foreign Language Annals, 44, 40–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carreira, M., & Potowski, K. (2011). Pedagogical implications of experimental SNS research. Heritage Language Journal, 8, 134–151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carroll, J. B. (1972). Fundamental considerations in testing for English language proficiency of foreign students. In Allen, H. B. & Campbell, R. N. (Eds.), Teaching English as a second language: A book of readings (pp. 364–372). New York: McGraw Hill. (Original work published 1961)Google Scholar
Carroll, R., & Luna, D. (2011). The other meaning of fluency: Content accessibility and language in advertising to bilinguals. Journal of Advertising, 40, 73–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, H., Cohen, P., & Chen, S. (2007). Biased odds ratios from dichotomization of age. Statistics in Medicine, 26, 3487–3497.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cherbuin, N., Perminder, S. S., & Anstey, K. J. (2011). Mixed handedness is associated with greater age-related decline in volumes of the hippocampus and amygdala: The PATH through life study. Brain and Behavior, 1, 125–134.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chiaro, D. (2009). Cultural divide or unifying factor? Humorous talk in the interaction of bilingual, cross-cultural couples. In Norrick, N. & Chiaro, D. (Eds.), Humor in interaction (pp. 211–231). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chincotta, D., & Underwood, G. (1999). Non-temporal determinants of bilingual memory capacity. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 1, 117–130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chondrogianni, V., & Marinis, T. (2011). Differential effects of internal and external factors on the development of vocabulary, tense morphology and morpho-syntax in successive bilingual children. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 1, 318–342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cipriani, P., Chilosi, P., Bottari, P., & Pfanner, L. (1993). L’acquisizione della morfosintassi in italiano: Fasi e processi. Padova: Unipress.Google Scholar
Clahsen, H., Eisenbeiss, S., & Penke, M. (1996). Lexical learning in early syntactic development. In Clahsen, H. & Rutherford, W. (Eds.), Generative perspectives on language acquisition (pp. 129–159). Amsterdam: Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conboy, B. T., & Mills, D. L. (2005). Two languages, one developing brain: Event-related potentials to words in bilingual toddlers. Developmental Science, 9, F1–F12.Google Scholar
Cook, V. (1994). Universal grammar and the learning and teaching of second languages. In Odlin, T. (Ed.), Perspectives on pedagogical grammar (pp. 25–48). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cook, V. (1995). Multi-competence and effects of age. In Singleton, D. & Lengyel, Z. (Eds.), The age factor in second language acquisition (pp. 51–66). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cook, V. (Ed.). (2003). Effects of the second language on the first. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooper, R. (1971). Degree of bilingualism. In Fishman, J., Cooper, R., & Ma, R. (Eds.), Bilingualism in the barrio (pp. 273–309). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Cornips, L. M. E. A., & Hulk, A. (2006). External and internal factors in bilingual and bidialectal language development: Grammatical gender of the Dutch definite determiner. L2 Acquisition and Creole Genesis: Dialogues (pp. 355–377). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costa, A., Hernández, M., Costa-Faidella, J., & Sebastián-Gallés, N. (2009). On the bilingual advantage in conflict processing: Now you see it, now you don’t. Cognition, 113, 135–149.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cromdal, J. (1999). Childhood bilingualism and metalinguistic skills: Analysis and control in young Swedish–English bilinguals. Applied Psycholinguistics, 20, 1–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crow, T. J., Crow, L. R., Done, D. J., & Leask, S. (1998). Relative hand skill predicts academic ability: Global deficits at the point of hemispheric indecision. Neuropsychologia, 36, 1275–1282.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cummins, J. (1976). The influence of bilingualism on cognitive growth: Synthesis of research findings and explanatory hypotheses. Working Papers on Bilingualism, 9, 1–44.Google Scholar
Cutler, A., Mehler, J., Norris, D., & Segui, J. (1989). Limits on bilingualism. Nature, 340, 229–230.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cutler, A., Mehler, J., Norris, D., (1992). The monolingual nature of speech segmentation by bilinguals. Cognitive Psychology, 24, 381–410.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cuza, A., & Frank, J. (2011). Transfer effects at the syntax–semantics interface: The case of double-que questions in heritage Spanish. The Heritage Language Journal, 8, 66–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dabrowska, E. (2012). Different speakers, different grammars: Individual differences in native language attainment. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 2, 219–253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daller, H. (1999). Migration und Mehrsprachigkeit: Der Sprachstand türkischer Rückkehrer aus Deutschland. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Daller, M. (2011). The measurement of bilingual proficiency: Introduction. International Journal of Bilingualism, 15, 123–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daller, M. H., Malvern, D. D., Meara, P., Milton, J., Richards, B. J., & Treffers-Daller, J. (Eds.). (2011). Measurement of bilingual proficiency. Special Issue of the International Journal of Bilingualism, 15, 123–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daller, H., Van Hout, R., & Treffers-Daller, J. (2003). Lexical richness in spontaneous speech of bilinguals. Applied Linguistics, 24, 197–222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daller, M. H., Yıldız, C., de Jong, N. H., Kan, S., & Başbağı, R. (2011). Language dominance in Turkish–German bilinguals: Methodological aspects of measurements in structurally different languages. International Journal of Bilingualism, 15, 215–236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
David, A., & Li, W. (2008). Individual differences in the lexical development of French–English bilingual children. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 11, 598–618.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Groot, A. M. (2011). Language and cognition in bilinguals and multilinguals: An introduction. New York: Psychology Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Houwer, A. (1990). The acquisition of two languages from birth: A case study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Houwer, A. (1998). By way of introduction: Methods in studies of bilingual first language acquisition. International Journal of Bilingualism, 2, 249–263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Houwer, A. (2006). Bilingual development in the early years. In Brown, K. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of language and linguistics (pp. 781–787). Oxford: Elsevier.Google Scholar
De Houwer, A. (2007). Parental language input patterns and children’s bilingual use. Applied Psycholinguistics, 28(3), 411–424.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Houwer, A. (2009). Bilingual first language acquisition. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Houwer, A. (2010). Assessing lexical development in bilingual first language acquisition: What can we learn from monolingual norms? In Cruz-Ferreira, M. (Ed.), Multilingual norms (pp. 279–322). Frankfurt, Germany: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
De Houwer, A. (2011). Language input environments and language development in bilingual acquisition. Applied Linguistics Review, 2, 221–240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Houwer, A. (2014). The absolute frequency of maternal input to bilingual and monolingual children: A first comparison. In Grüter, T. & Paradis, J. (Eds.), Input and experience in bilingual development (pp. 37–58). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
De Houwer, A. (2015). Harmonious bilingual development: Young families’ well-being in language contact situations. International Journal of Bilingualism, 19(2): 169–184 (first published online on June 11, 2013, doi:10.1177/1367006913489202).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Houwer, A. & Bornstein, M. H. (to appear). Bilingual mothers’ language choice in child-directed speech: continuity and change. Journal of Multicultural and Multilingual Development.Google Scholar
De Houwer, A., Bornstein, M. H., & De Coster, S. (2006). Early understanding of two words for the same thing: A CDI study of lexical comprehension in infant bilinguals. International Journal of Bilingualism, 10, 331–347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Houwer, A., Bornstein, M. H. & Leach, D. B. (2005). Assessing early communicative ability: A cross-reporter cumulative score for the MacArthur CDI. Journal of Child Language, 32, 735–758.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Houwer, A., Bornstein, M. H. & Putnick, D. L. (2014). A bilingual–monolingual comparison of young children’s vocabulary size: Evidence from comprehension and production. Applied Psycholinguistics, 35, 1189–1211.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Leeuw, E., Schmid, M., & Mennen, I. (2010). Perception of foreign accent in native speech. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 13, 33–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Prada Pérez, A., & Pascual y Cabo, D. (2011). Invariable gusta in the Spanish of heritage speakers in the US. In Hershenschon, J. & Tanner, D. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 11th Generative Approaches to Second Language Acquisition (GASLA). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.Google Scholar
Deuchar, M., & Muntz, R. (2003). Factors accounting for code-mixing in an early developing bilingual. In Müller, N. (Ed.), (In)vulnerable domains in multilingualism (pp. 161–190). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deuchar, M., & Quay, S. (1999). Language choice in the earliest utterances: A case study with methodological implications. Journal of Child Language, 26, 461–475.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Deuchar, M., & Quay, S. (2000). Bilingual acquisition: Theoretical implications of a case study. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dewaele, J.-M., & Pavlenko, A. (2003). Productivity and lexical diversity in native and non-native speech. A study of cross-cultural effects. In Cook, V. (Ed.), Effects of the second language on the first (pp. 120–141). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickinson, O. K., & Tabors, P. O. (Eds.). (2001). Beginning literacy with language: Young children learning at home and school. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.Google Scholar
Dirim, I., & Auer, P. (Eds.). (2004). Türkisch sprechen nicht nur die Türken: über die Unschärfebeziehung zwischen Sprache und Ethnie in Deutschland. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dodson, C. J. (1981). A reappraisal of bilingual development and education: Some theoretical and practical considerations. In Beardsmore, H. Baetens (Ed.), Elements of bilingual theory (pp. 14–27). Brussels: Vrije Universiteit Brussel.Google Scholar
Döpke, S. (1992). One parent one language: An interactional approach. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Döpke, S. (1996). The weaker language in simultaneous bilingualism: Why it is not like L2. Unpublished manuscript, Monash University.Google Scholar
Döpke, S. (1998). Competing language structures: The acquisition of verb placement by bilingual German–English children. Journal of Child Language, 25, 555–584.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Döpke, S. (2000a). One parent–one language: An interactional approach. Amsterdam: Benjamins.Google Scholar
Döpke, S. (2000b). Generation of and retraction from cross-linguistically motivated structures in bilingual first language acquisition. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 3, 209–226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Driessen, G., van der Slik, F., & De Bot, K. (2002). Home language and language proficiency: A large-scale longitudinal study in Dutch primary schools. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 3, 175–194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duffield, N., & White, L. (1999). Assessing L2 knowledge of Spanish clitic placement: Convergent methodologies. Second Language Research, 15, 133–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunn, A., & Fox Tree, J. (2009). A quick, gradient bilingual dominance scale. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 12, 273–289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunn, L. M., & Dunn, D. M. (2007). Peabody picture vocabulary test (PPVT-4) (4th ed.). Minneapolis: Pearson.Google Scholar
Dunn, L. M., Dunn, L. M., & Schlichting, L. (2005). Peabody picture vocabulary test-III-NL. Amsterdam: Pearson.Google Scholar
Dunn, L. M., Dunn, L., Whetton, C., & Burley, J. (1997). British picture vocabulary scale–II. Windsor: NFER-NELSON.Google Scholar
Dunn, L. M., Padilla, E. R., Lugo, D. E., & Dunn, L. M. (1986). Test de vocabulario en imágenes Peabody (TVIP) [Peabody picture vocabulary test]. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.Google Scholar
Eckes, T., & Grotjahn, R. (2006). A closer look at the construct validity of C-tests. Language Testing, 23, 290–325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edmondson, W., & House, J. (1991). Do learners talk too much? In Phillipson, R., Kellerman, E., Phillipson, R., Selinker, L., Smith, M. Sharwood, & Swain, M. (Eds.), Foreign/second language pedagogy research (pp. 273–286). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Eisenstein, M. (1982). A study of social variation in adult second language aquisition. Language Learning, 32(2), 367–391.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elder, N., & Nicoladis, E. (2012). “I have three years old”: Evidence for compositional representation of fixed expressions in a bilingual child. Unpublished paper. University of Alberta.Google Scholar
Fairclough, M. (2011). Testing the lexical recognition task with Spanish/English bilinguals in the United States. Language Testing, 28, 273–297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fantini, A. E. (1985). Language acquisition of a bilingual child: A sociolinguistic perspective. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Favreau, M., & Segalowitz, N. (1982). Second language reading in fluent bilinguals. Applied Psycholinguistics, 3, 329–341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Favreau, M., & Segalowitz, N. (1983). Automatic and controlled processes in the first – and second language reading of fluent bilinguals. Memory and Cognition, 11, 565–574.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fazio, R., Dunham, K. J., Griswold, S., & Denney, R. L. (2013). An improved measure of handedness: The Fazio Laterality Inventory. Applied Neuropsychology Adult, 20, 197–202.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fenson, L., Dale, P. S., Reznick, J. S., Thal, D., Bates, E., Hartung, J., Pethick, S., & Reilly, J. S. (1993). The Macarthur communicative development inventories: User’s guide and technical manual. San Diego, CA: Singular Publishing Group.Google Scholar
Fenson, L., Dale, P., Reznick, J. S., Bates, E., Thal, D., Pethick, S., Tomasello, M., Mervis, C. B., & Stiles, J. (1994). Variability in early communicative development. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59 (5, Serial No. 242).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferguson, C. A. (1993). The language factor in national development. Anthropological Linguistics, 35, 124–129.Google Scholar
Ferrari, I., & Matteini, S. (2008). On the residual omission of determiners in Italian L1: A case study (STiL – Studies in Linguistics Vol. 2 – CISCL Working Papers). University of Siena.Google Scholar
Finlayson, R., & Slabbert, S. (1997). I’ll meet you halfway with language: Code-switching within a South African urban context. In Pütz, M. (Ed.), Language choices: Conditions, constraints and consequences (pp. 381–421). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fishman, J. A. (2007). Who speaks what language to whom and when? In Li, W. (Ed.), The bilingualism reader (2nd ed., pp. 55–70). London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Fishman, J. A., & Cooper, R. L. (1969). Alternative measures of bilingualism. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 8, 276–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fishman, J. A., Cooper, R. L., & Ma, R. (1968). Alternative measures of bilingualism. In Fishman, J. A., Cooper, R. L., & Ma, R. (Eds.), Bilingualism in the barrio (pp. 483–512). New York: Yeshiva University.Google Scholar
Flege, J. E., Munro, M. J., & MacKay, I. R. A. (1995). Effects of age of second language learning on the production of English consonants. Speech Communication, 16, 1–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flege, J. E., MacKay, I. R., & Meador, D. (1999). Native Italian speakers’ perception and production of English vowels. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 106, 2973–2987.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Foroodi-Nejad, F., & Paradis, J. (2009). Crosslinguistic transfer in the acquisition of compound nouns in Persian–English bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 12, 411–427.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Francis, N. (2012). Bilingual competence and bilingual proficiency in child development. MIT: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Franks, S. (1995). Parameters of Slavic morphosyntax. Oxford: Oxford University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gasser, C. (2000). Exploring the Complementarity Principle: The case of first generation English–German bilinguals in the Basle area. Master’s thesis, English Linguistics, University of Basle, Switzerland.Google Scholar
Gathercole, V. C. M. (Ed.). (2013). Issues in the assessment of bilinguals. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gathercole, V. C. M., & Thomas, E. M. (2009). Bilingual first-language development: Dominant language takeover, threatened minority language take-up. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 12, 213–237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gavarró, A. (2003). Economy and word order patterns in English–Dutch acquisition. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 6(1), 69–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gawlitzek-Maiwald, I., & Tracy, R. (1996). Bilingual boot-strapping. Linguistics, 34, 901–926.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Genesee, F. (1989). Early bilingual development: One language or two? Journal of Child Language, 16, 161–179.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Genesee, F., & Nicoladis, E. (2007). Bilingual first language acquisition. In Hoff, E. & Shatz, M. (Eds.), Handbook on language acquisition (pp. 324–343). Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Genesee, F., Nicoladis, E., & Paradis, J. (1995). Language differentiation in early bilingual development. Journal of Child Language, 22, 611–631.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gerken, K. C. (1978). Language dominance: A comparison of measures. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 9, 187–196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gertken, L. M., Amengual, M., & Birdsong, D. (2014). Assessing language dominance with the bilingual language profile. In Leclercq, P., Edmonds, A., & Hilton, H. (Eds.), Measuring L2 proficiency: Perspectives from SLA (pp. 208–225). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goggin, J., Estrada, P., & Villarreal, R. (1994). Picture-naming agreement in monolinguals and bilinguals. Applied Psycholinguistics, 15, 177–194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldrick, M., Runnqvist, E., & Costa, A. (2014). Language switching makes pronunciation less nativelike. Psychological Science, 25, 1031–1036.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goldstein, B. (2006). Clinical implications of research on language development and disorders in bilingual children. Topics in Language Disorders, 26, 305–321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gollan, T. H., Fennema-Notestine, C., Montoya, R. I., & Jernigan, T. L. (2007). The bilingual effect on Boston Naming Test performance. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 13, 197–208.Google ScholarPubMed
Gollan, T. H., Forster, K. I., & Frost, R. (1997). Translation priming with different scripts: Masked priming with cognates and noncognates in Hebrew–English bilinguals. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 23, 1122–1139.Google ScholarPubMed
Gollan, T. H., Montoya, R. I., Cera, C., & Sandoval, T. C. (2008). More use almost always means a smaller frequency effect: Aging, bilingualism, and the weaker links hypothesis. Journal of Memory and Language, 58, 787–814.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gollan, T. H., Weissberger, G. H., Runnqvist, E., Montoya, R. I., & Cera, C. M. (2012). Self-ratings of spoken language dominance: A Multilingual Naming Test (MINT) and preliminary norms for young and aging Spanish–English bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 15, 594–615.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Groen, M. A., Whitehouse, A. J. O., Badcock, N. A., & Bishop, D. V. M. (2013). Associations between handedness and cerebral lateralization for language: A comparison of three measures in children. PLOS ONE, 8, 1–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Groenen, G. M. (2011). The effects of internal and external factors and cognates on the vocabulary scores of Dutch-English bilingual children. MPhil dissertation, Utrecht University.Google Scholar
Grosjean, F. (1982). Life with two languages: An introduction to bilingualism. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Grosjean, F. (1985). The bilingual as a competent but specific speaker-hearer. Journal of Multilingual & Multicultural Development, 6, 467–477.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grosjean, F. (1989). Neurolinguists, beware! The bilingual is not two monolinguals in one person. Brain and Language, 36, 3–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grosjean, F. (1998). Studying bilinguals: Methodological and conceptual issues. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 1, 131–149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grosjean, F. (2010). Bilingual: Life and reality. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grosjean, F., & Miller, J. L. (1994). Going in and out of languages: An example of bilingual flexibility. Psychological Science, 5, 201–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guasti, M. T., de Lange, J., Gavarró, A., & Caprin, C. (2008). Article omission across child languages. Language Acquisition, 15, 89–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guasti, M. T., Nespor, M., Christophe, A., & van Ooyen, B. (2001). Pre-lexical setting of the head-complement parameter through prosody. In Weissenborn, J. & Höhle, B. (Eds.), Approaches to bootstrapping: Phonological, lexical, syntactic and neurophysiological aspects of early language acquisition (Vol. 1, pp. 231–248). Amsterdam: Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guiraud, P. (1954). Les caractéristiques statistiques du vocabulaire. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.Google Scholar
Gutiérrez-Clellen, V. (1996). Language diversity: Implications for assessment. In Cole, K., Dale, P., & Thal, D. (Eds.), Assessment of communication and language (pp. 29–56). Baltimore: Brookes.Google Scholar
Gutiérrez-Clellen, V. F., & Kreiter, J. (2003). Understanding child bilingual acquisition using parent and teacher reports. Applied Psycholinguistics, 24, 267–288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hacohen, A., & Schaeffer, J. (2007). Subject realization in early Hebrew/English bilingual acquisition: The role of crosslinguistic influence. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 10, 333–344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hager, M. (2014). Genuserwerb bei mehrsprachig aufwachsenden Kindern. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Bergische Universität Wuppertal.Google Scholar
Hakuta, K., & D’Andrea, D. (1992). Some properties of bilingual maintenance and loss in Mexican background high-school students. Applied Linguistics, 13, 72–99.Google Scholar
Hakuta, K., Ferdman, B., & Diaz, R. (1987). Bilingualism and cognitive development: Three perspectives. In Rosenberg, S. E. (Ed.), Advances in applied psycholinguistics (pp. 284–319). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hamers, J. F., & Blanc, M. H. A. (2000). Bilinguality and bilingualism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hammer, C. S., Davison, M. D., Lawrence, F. R., & Miccio, A. W. (2009). The effect of maternal language on bilingual children’s vocabulary and emergent literacy development during Head Start and kindergarten. Scientific Studies of Reading, 13, 99–121.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hammer, C. S., Komaroff, E., Rodriguez, B. L., Lopez, L. M., Scarpino, S. E., & Goldstein, B. (2012). Predicting Spanish–English bilingual children’s abilities. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research, 55, 1251–1264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrell, F. E. (2010). Regression modeling strategies: With applications to linear models, logistic regression, and survival analysis. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Harris, A. J. (1958). Harris Tests of Lateral Dominance, manual of direction for administration and interpretation (3rd ed.). New York: The Psychological Corporation.Google Scholar
Harris, C. L., Gleason, J. B., & Ayçiçeği, A. (2006). When is a first language more emotional? Psychophysiological evidence from bilingual speakers. In Pavlenko, A. (Ed.), Bilingual minds: Emotional experience, expression, and representation (pp. 257–283). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haugen, E. (1953). The Norwegian language in America: A study in bilingual behavior. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Hauser-Grüdl, N., Arencibia Guerra, L., Witzmann, F., Leray, E., & Müller, N. (2010). Cross-linguistic influence in bilingual children: Can input frequency account for it? Lingua, 120, 2638–2650.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hazan, V., & Boulakia, G. (1993). Perception and production of a voicing contrast by French–English bilinguals. Language and Speech, 36, 17–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hempel, C. G., & Oppenheim, P. (1948). Studies in the logic of explanation. Philosophy of Science, 15(2), 135–175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heye, J. (1979). Bilingualism and language maintenance in two communities in Santa Caterina, Brazil. In McCormack, W. & Wurm, S. (Eds.), Language and society (pp. 401–422). The Hague: Mouton.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hinzelin, O. (2003). The acquisition of subjects in bilingual children: Pronoun use in Portuguese–German children. In Müller, N. (Ed.), (In)vulnerable domains in multilingualism (pp. 107–137). John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirsh-Pasek, K., & Golinkoff, R. M. (1996). The origins of grammar: Evidence from early language comprehension. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Hoff, E. (2006). How social contexts support and shape language development. Developmental Review, 26, 55–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoff, E., Core, C., Place, S., Rumiche, R., Señor, M., & Parra, M. (2012). Dual language exposure and early bilingual development. Journal of Child Language, 39, 1–27.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoffman, G. (1971). Puerto Ricans in New York: A language-related ethnographic summary. In Fishman, J., Cooper, R., & Ma, R. (Eds.), Bilingualism in the barrio (pp. 13–42). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Hohenstein, J., Eisenberg, A., & Naigles, L. (2006). Is he floating across or crossing afloat? Cross-influence of L1 and L2 in Spanish–English bilingual adults. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 9(3), 249–261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hollingshead, A. B. (1975). The four-factor index of social status. Unpublished manuscript, Yale University.Google Scholar
Hopp, H., & Schmid, M. (2013). Perceived foreign accent in first language attrition and second language acquisition: The impact of age of acquisition and bilingualism. Applied Psycholinguistics, 34, 361–394.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Housen, A., & Kuiken, F. (2009). Complexity, accuracy and fluency in second language acquisition. Applied Linguistics, 30, 461–473.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Housen, A., Kuiken, F., & Vedder, I. (2012). Dimensions of L2 performance and proficiency: Complexity, accuracy and fluency in SLA. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howard, M. (2013). La liaison en français langue seconde: Une étude longitudinale préliminaire. Language, Acquisition and Interaction, 4, 190–231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hulk, A. (1997). The acquisition of French object pronouns by a Dutch/French bilingual child. In Sorace, A., Heycock, C., & Shillcock, R. (Eds.), Language acquisition: Knowledge, representation and processing – Proceedings of the GALA 1997 Conference on Language Acquisition (pp. 521–526). Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Hulk, A., & Müller, N. (2000). Bilingual first language acquisition at the interface between syntax and pragmatics. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 3, 227–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hulk, A., & Zuckerman, S. (2000). The interaction between input and economy: Acquiring optionality in French wh-questions. BULCD Proceedings, 24, 438–449.Google Scholar
Hulk, A. C. J., & van der Linden, E. (1996). Language mixing in a French–Dutch bilingual child. In Kellerman, E., Weltens, B., & Borgaerts, T. (Eds.), Eurosla 6: A selection of papers (pp. 89–103). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Hulstijn, J. (2011). Language proficiency in native and nonnative speakers: An agenda for research and suggestions for second-language assessment. Language Assessment Quarterly, 8, 229–249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hulstijn, J. H. (2012). The construct of language proficiency in the study of bilingualism from a cognitive perspective. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 15, 422–433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hymes, D. (1972). On communicative competence. In Pride, J. B. & Holmes, J. (Eds.), Sociolinguistics (pp. 269–293). Harmondsworth: Penguin.Google Scholar
Ivanova, I., & Costa, A. (2008). Does bilingualism hamper lexical access in speech production? Acta Psychologica, 127, 277–288.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Iverson, M. (2011). Advanced language attrition of Spanish in contact with Brazilian Portuguese. Doctoral dissertation, University of Iowa.Google Scholar
Jaccard, R., & Cividin, V. (2001). Le principe de complémentarité chez la personne bilingue: Le cas du bilinguisme français-italien en Suisse Romande. Master’s thesis, Language Pathology Program, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland.Google Scholar
Jakobovits, L. A. (1969). Second language learning and transfer theory: A theoretical assessment. Language Learning, 19, 55–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jansen, V. (2013). Der Erwerb der Wortstellung im simultan-bilingualen Erstspracherwerb: Dislokationen bei deutsch-französisch aufwachsenden Kindern. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Bergische Universität Wuppertal.Google Scholar
Jarrett-Kerr, N. (n.d.). Valuing and judging partners: Beyond the elephant test. Edge International articles and knowledge base. Retrieved November 8, 2014, from www.edge.ai/2014/05/valuing-judging-partners-beyond-elephant-test.Google Scholar
Jarvis, S. (2002). Short texts, best fitting curves, and new measures of lexical diversity. Language Testing, 19, 57–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jarvis, S., & Pavlenko, A. (2008). Crosslinguistic influence in language and cognition. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jia, G., & Aaronson, D. (2003). A longitudinal study of Chinese children and adolescents learning English in the United States. Applied Psycholinguistics, 24, 131–161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jia, G., Aaronson, D., & Wu, Y. (2002). Long-term language attainment of bilingual immigrants: Predictive variables and language group differences. Applied Psycholinguistics, 23, 599–621.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jia, G., & Fuse, A. (2007). Acquisition of English grammatical morphology by native Mandarin speaking children and adolescents: Age-related differences. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research, 50, 1280–1299.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jia, G., Kohnert, K., Collado, J., & Aquino-Garcia, F. (2006). Action naming in Spanish and English by sequential bilingual children and adolescents. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research, 49, 588–602.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jisa, H. (2000). Language mixing in the weak language: Evidence from two children. Journal of Pragmatics, 32, 1363–1386.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, C. E., & Wilson, I. L. (2002). Phonetic evidence for early language differentiation: Research issues and some preliminary data. International Journal of Bilingualism, 6, 271–290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, M. A. (1996). Foundations of French syntax. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Juan-Garau, M., & Pérez-Vidal, C. (2001). Mixing and pragmatic parental strategies in early bilingual acquisition. Journal of Child Language, 28, 59–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keating, G. D., VanPatten, B., & Jegerski, J. (2011). Who was walking on the beach? Anaphora resolution in Spanish heritage speakers and adult second language learners. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 33, 193–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kehoe, M. M. (2002). Developing vowel systems as a window to bilingual phonology. International Journal of Bilingualism, 6, 315–334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kehoe, M. M., Lleó, C., & Rakow, M. (2004). Voice onset time in bilingual German–Spanish children. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 7, 71–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keith, M., & Nicoladis, E. (2013). The role of within-language vocabulary size in bilingual children’s semantic development. Journal of Child Language, 40, 873–884.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kern, S., & Gayraud, F. (2010). L’inventaire français du développement communicatif. Grenoble, France: La Cigale.Google Scholar
Kilshaw, D., & Annett, M. (1983). Right- and left-hand skill I: Effects of age, sex and hand preference showing superior skill in left-handers. British Journal of Psychology, 74, 253–268.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kohnert, K., & Bates, E. (2002). Balancing bilinguals II: Lexical comprehension and cognitive processing in children learning Spanish and English. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 45, 347–359.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kohnert, K., Bates, E., & Hernández, A. (1999). Balancing bilinguals: Lexical–semantic production and cognitive processing in children learning Spanish and English. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research, 42, 1400–1413.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Köpcke, K. M., & Zubin, D. (1983). Die kognitive Organisation der Genuszuweisung zu den einsilbigen Nomen der deutschen Gegenwartsprache. Zeitschrift für germanistische Linguistik, 11, 166–182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Köppe, R. (1994). The DUFDE Project. In Meisel, J. (Ed.), Bilingual first language acquisition: French and German grammatical development (pp. 15–27). Amsterdam: Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Köppe, R. (1997). Sprachentrennung im frühen bilingualen Erstspracherwerb: Französisch, Deutsch. Tübingen: Narr.Google Scholar
Korybski, T. (2012). Polish–English code-switching and other language contact phenomena in the speech of Polish migrants in the United Kingdom. Doctoral dissertation, University of the West of England, Bristol.Google Scholar
Kraus, E. H. (2006). Handedness in children. In Henderson, A. & Pehoski, C. (Eds.), Hand functions in the child: Foundations for remediation (2nd ed., pp. 161–191). St. Louis: Mosby.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kroll, J. F., & Dussias, P. E. (2004). The comprehension of words and sentences in two languages. In Bhatia, T. K. & Ritchie, W. C. (Eds.), The handbook of bilingualism (pp. 169–200). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.Google Scholar
Kroll, J., Bobb, S., & Wodniecka, Z. (2006). Language selectivity is the exception, not the rule: Arguments against a fixed locus of language selection in bilingual speech. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 9, 119–135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kupisch, T. (2007). Determiners in bilingual German–Italian children: What they tell us about the relation between language influence and language dominance. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 10, 57–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kupisch, T. (2008). Dominance, mixing and cross-linguistic influence: On their relation in bilingual development. In Guijarro-Fuentes, P., Larrañaga, P., & Clibbens, J. (Eds.), First language acquisition of morphology and syntax: Perspectives across languages and learners (pp. 209–234). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kupisch, T. (2012). Generic subjects in the Italian of early German–Italian bilinguals and German learners of Italian as a second language. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 15, 736–756.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kupisch, T. (2013). A new term for a better distinction? A view from the higher end of the proficiency scale. Theoretical Linguistics, 39, 203–214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kupisch, T. (2014). Adjective placement in simultaneous bilinguals (German–Italian) and the concept of cross-linguistic overcorrection: A comparison of on-line and off-line data. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 17, 222–233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kupisch, T., Akpinar, D., & Stöhr, A. (2013). Gender assignment and gender agreement in adult bilingual and second language speakers of French. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 3, 150–179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kupisch, T., Barton, D., Bianchi, G., & Stangen, I. (2012). The HABLA-Corpus (German–French and German–Italian). In Schmidt, T. & Wörner, K. (Eds.), Multilingual corpora and multilingual corpus analysis (pp. 163–179). Amsterdam: Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kupisch, T., Belikova, A., Özçelik, Ö., Stangen, I., & White, L. (in prep.). On complete acquisition in heritage speakers: The definiteness effect in German–Turkish bilinguals. Manuscript, Lund/Indiana University Bloomington/McGill.Google Scholar
Kupisch, T., & Bernardini, P. (2007). Determiner use in Italian Swedish and Italian German children: Do Swedish and German represent the same parameter setting? In Anderssen, M. & Westergaard, M. (Eds.), NORDLYD: University of Tromsø working papers on language and linguistics, 34, University of Tromsø.Google Scholar
Lambert, W. (1955). Measurement of the linguistic dominance of bilinguals. Journals of Abnormal Social Psychology, 50, 197–200.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lambert, W. E. (1956). Developmental aspects of second-language acquisition, I: Associational fluency, stimulus provocativeness, and word-order influence. The Journal of Social Psychology, 43, 83–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lambert, W. E. (1990). Persistent issues in bilingualism. In Harley, B., Allen, P., Cummins, J., & Swain, M. (Eds.), The development of second language proficiency (pp. 201–218). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lambert, W. E., Havelka, J., & Gardner, R. C. (1959). Linguistic manifestations of bilingualism. The American Journal of Psychology, 72, 77–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
La Morgia, F. (2011). Bilingual first language acquisition: The nature of the weak language and the role of the input. Doctoral dissertation, Dublin City University.Google Scholar
Langdon, H. W., Wiig, E. H., & Nielsen, N. P. (2005). Dual-dimension naming speed and language-dominance ratings by bilingual Hispanic adults. Bilingual Research Journal, 29, 319–336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lanvers, U. (1999). Lexical growth patterns in a bilingual infant: The occurrence and significance of equivalents in the bilingual lexicon. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2, 30–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lanza, E. (2004). Language mixing in infant bilingualism: A sociolinguistic perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Larrañaga, P., & Guijarro-Fuentes, P. (2012). Collecting data and measuring competence. In Larrañaga, P. & Guijarro-Fuentes, P. (Eds.), Pronouns and clitics in early acquisition (pp. 11–43). Berlin: Mouton DeGruyter.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lemmon, C. R., & Goggin, J. P. (1989). The measurement of bilingualism and its relationship to cognitive ability. Applied Psycholinguistics, 10, 133–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leopold, W. F. (1939–1949). Speech development of a bilingual child: A linguist’s record. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 4 Volumes.Google Scholar
Leopold, W. (1978). A child’s learning of two languages. In Hatch, E. (Ed.), Second language acquisition (pp. 23–32). Rowley, MA: Newbury House.Google Scholar
Levelt, W. J. (1993). Speaking: From intention to articulation. Cambridge, MA: MIT press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, P., Zhang, F., Tsai, E., & Puls, B. (2014). Language history questionnaire (LHQ 2.0): A new dynamic web-based research tool. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 17, 673–680.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, W. (2007). Dimensions of bilingualism. In Li, W. (Ed.), The bilingualism reader (pp. 3–25). London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Liceras, J. M., Fernández Fuertes, R., & Pérez-Tattam, R. (2008). Null and overt subjects in the developing grammars (L1 English/L1 Spanish) of two bilingual twins. In Pérez-Vidal, C., Juan Garau, M., & Bel, A. (Eds.), A portrait of the young in the new multilingual Spain (pp. 111–134). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Liceras, J. M., Fuertes, R. F., & de la Fuente, A. A. (2012). Overt subjects and copula omission in the Spanish and the English grammar of English–Spanish bilinguals: On the locus and directionality of interlinguistic influence. First Language, 32, 88–115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lim, V. P., Lincoln, M., Chan, Y. H., & Onslow, M. (2008). Stuttering in English–Mandarin bilingual speakers: The influence of language dominance on stuttering severity. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research, 51, 1522.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lim, V. P. C., Rickard Liow, S. J., Lincoln, M., Chan, Y.H., & Onslow, M. (2008). Determining language dominance in English–Mandarin bilinguals: Development of a self-report classification tool for clinical use. Applied Psycholinguistics, 29, 389–412.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lorusso, P., Caprin, C., & Guasti, M. T. (2004). Overt subject distribution in early Italian children. In Brugos, A., Micciulla, L., & Smith, C. E. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 28th Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development. Boston: Cascadilla Press.Google Scholar
Luk, G., & Bialystok, E. (2013). Bilingualism is not a categorical variable: Interaction between proficiency and usage. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 25, 605–621.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacIntyre, P. D., & Charos, C. (1996). Personality, attitudes, and affect as predictors of second language communication. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 15, 3–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mack, M. (1989). Consonant and vowel perception and production: Early English–French bilinguals and English monolinguals. Perception & Psychophysics, 46, 187–200.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mackey, W. (1962). The description of bilingualism. Canadian Journal of Linguistics, 7, 51–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flege, J. E., MacKay, I. R., & Piske, T. (2002). Assessing bilingual dominance. Applied Psycholinguistics, 23, 567–598.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Macnamara, J. (1967). The bilingual’s linguistic performance: A psychological overview. Journal of Social Issues, 23, 58–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Macnamara, J. (1969). How can one measure the extent of a person’s bilingual proficiency? In Kelly, L. G. (Ed.), Description and measurement of bilingualism (pp. 80–97). Toronto: University of Toronto.Google Scholar
MacSwan, J. (2000). The threshold hypothesis, semilingualism, and other contributions to a deficit view of linguistic minorities. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 22, 3–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacWhinney, B. (2000). The CHILDES Project: Tools for analyzing talk. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Retrieved from http://childes.psy.cmu.edu.Google Scholar
Mägiste, E. (1992). Second language learning in elementary and high school students. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 4, 355–365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahon, M., & Crutchley, A. (2006). Performance of typically-developing school-age children with English as an additional language on the British Picture Vocabulary Scales II. Child Language Teaching and Therapy, 22, 333–351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malvern, D. D., Richards, B. J., Chipere, N., & Durán, P. (2004). Lexical diversity and language development: Quantification and assessment. Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mancilla-Martinez, J., & Vagh, S. B. (2013). Growth in toddlers’ Spanish, English, and conceptual vocabulary knowledge. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 28, 555–567.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marchman, V. A., Fernald, A., & Hurtado, N. (2010). How vocabulary size in two languages relates to efficiency in spoken word recognition by young Spanish–English bilinguals. Journal of Child Language, 37, 817–840.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marchman, V. A., Martínez-Sussmann, C., & Dale, P. S. (2004). The language-specific nature of grammatical development: Evidence from bilingual language learners. Developmental Science, 7, 212–224.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marian, V., Blumenfeld, H. K., & Kaushanskaya, M. (2007). The Language Experience and Proficiency Questionnaire (LEAP-Q): Assessing language profiles in bilinguals and multilinguals. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 50, 940–967.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marian, V., & Neisser, U. (2000). Language-dependent recall of autobiographical memories. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 129, 361–368.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Matthews, S., & Yip, V. (2011). Unbalanced bilingual acquisition as a mechanism of grammatical change. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 14, 159–161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, P. H. M., & Jarvis, S. (2007). Vocd: A theoretical and empirical evaluation. Language Testing, 24, 459–488.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, P. M., & Jarvis, S. (2010). MTLD, vocd-D, and HD-D: A validation study of sophisticated approaches to lexical diversity assessment. Behavior Research Methods, 42, 381–392.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCarthy, P. M., Watanabe, S., & Lamkin, T. A. (2012). The Gramulator: A tool to identify differential linguistic features of correlative text types. In McCarthy, P. M. & Boonthum-Denecke, C. (Eds.), Applied natural language processing: Identification, investigation, and resolution (pp. 312–333). Hershey, PA: IGI Global.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meara, P., & Buxton, B. (1987). An alternative to multiple choice vocabulary tests. Language Testing, 4, 142–154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meara, P., & Jones, G. (1988). Vocabulary size as placement indicator. In Grunwell, P. (Ed.), Applied linguistics in society (pp. 80–87). London: CILT.Google Scholar
Meeuwis, M., & Blommaert, J. (1998). A monolectal view of code-switching: Layered code-switching among Zairians in Belgium. In Auer, P. (Ed.), Code-switching in conversation: Language, interaction and identity (pp. 76–98). London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Meisel, J. (1989). Early differentiation of languages in bilingual children. In Hyltenstam, K. & Obler, L. (Eds.), Bilingualism across the lifespan: Aspects of acquisition, maturity and loss (pp. 13–40). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meisel, J. (2007). The weaker language in early child bilingualism: Acquiring a first language as a second language? Applied Pycholinguistics, 28, 495–514.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meisel, J. M. (2011). First and second language acquisition: Parallels and differences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milton, J. (2009). Measuring second language vocabulary acquisition. Bristol: Multilingual.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mohanty, A. K. (1994). Bilingualism in a multilingual society: Psycho-social and pedagogical implications. Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages.Google Scholar
Möhring, A. (2005). Erst- und Zweitspracherwerb im Vergleich (Französisch/Deutsch): Der Erwerb der Wortstellung bei bilingualen Kindern und erwachsenen Lernern. E-Dissertation Universität Hamburg. Retrieved from http://ediss.sub.uni-hamburg.de/volltexte/2005/2459.Google Scholar
Montanari, S. (2005). “I want to tell you the story but I don’t know what that’s called”: The narrative competence of Spanish–English bilingual children across their dominant and weaker language. In Cohen, J., McAlister, K., Rolstad, K., & MacSwan, J. (Eds.), ISB4: Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Bilingualism (pp. 1662–1678). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.Google Scholar
Montrul, S. (2002). Incomplete acquisition and attrition of Spanish tense/aspect distinctions in adult bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 5, 39–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montrul, S. (2005). Second language acquisition and first language loss in adult early bilinguals: Exploring some differences and similarities. Second Language Research, 21, 199–249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montrul, S. (2006). On the bilingual competence of Spanish heritage speakers: Syntax, lexical-semantics and processing. International Journal of Bilingualism, 10, 37–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montrul, S. (2008). Incomplete acquisition in bilingualism: Re-examining the age factor. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montrul, S. (2010). Dominant language transfer in Spanish L2 learners and heritage speakers. Special issue of Second Language Research, 26, 293–327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montrul, S. (2011). Multiple interfaces and incomplete acquisition. Lingua, 121, 591–604.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montrul, S. (2013). El bilingüismo en el mundo hispanohablante. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Montrul, S., Davidson, J., de la Fuente, I., & Foote, R. (2013). The role of experience in the acquisition and production of diminutives and gender in Spanish: Evidence from L2 learners and heritage speakers. Second Language Research, 29, 1, 87–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montrul, S., Davidson, J., de la Fuente, I., & Foote, R. (2014). Early language experience facilitates gender agreement processing in Spanish heritage speakers. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 17, 1, 118–138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montrul, S., & Foote, R. (2014). Age of acquisition interactions in bilingual lexical access: A study of the weaker language in L2 learners and heritage speakers. The International Journal of Bilingualism, 18, 274–303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montrul, S., Foote, R., & Perpiñán, S. (2008). Gender agreement in adult second language learners and Spanish heritage speakers: The effects of age and context of acquisition. Language Learning, 58, 503–553.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montrul, S., & Ionin, T. (2010). Transfer effects in the interpretation of definite articles by Spanish heritage speakers. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 13, 449–473.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montrul, S., & Ionin, T. (2012). Dominant language transfer in Spanish heritage speakers and L2 learners in the interpretation of definite articles. The Modern Language Journal, 96, 70–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montrul, S., & Perpiñán, S. (2011). Assessing differences and similarities between instructed heritage language learners and L2 learners in their knowledge of Spanish Tense-Aspect and Mood (TAM) morphology. Heritage Language Journal, 8, 90–133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morrett, L. M., & MacWhinney, B. (2013). Syntactic transfer in English-speaking Spanish learners. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 16, 132–151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Müller, J. (2009). Spracheneinfluss im Bereich der OV/VO- Stellung: Ein Vergleich von Deutsch mit Französisch. Unpublished Master’s thesis, Bergische Universität Wuppertal.Google Scholar
Müller, N. (1998). Transfer in bilingual first language acquisition. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 1, 151–171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Müller, N. (2008). Bilingual first language acquisition at the interface between syntax and pragmatics. EuroSLA Yearbook, 8 (pp. 52–78). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Müller, N., Arnaus Gil, L., Eichler, N., Hager, M., Jansen, V., Patuto, M., Repetto, V., & Schmeißer, A. (in prep.). Code-switching: Spanisch, Französisch, Italienisch – Eine Einführung. Tübingen: Narr.Google Scholar
Müller, N., & Hulk, A. (2001). Crosslinguistic influence in bilingual language acquisition: Italian and French as recipient languages. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 4, 1–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Müller, N., Kupisch, T., Schmitz, K., & Cantone, K. F. (2011). Einführung in die Mehrsprachigkeitsforschung. Tübingen: Narr.Google Scholar
Müller, N., & Patuto, M. (2009). Really competence-driven cross-linguistic influence in bilingual first language acquisition? The role of the language combination. In Bernardini, P., Egerland, V., & Granfeld, J. (Eds.), Mélanges plurilingues offerts à Suzanne Schlyter à l’occasion de son 65ème anniversaire (pp. 299–319). Études Romanes de Lund 85. Språk- och litteraturcentrum Romanska, Lunds Universitet.Google Scholar
Müller, N., & Pillunat, A. (2008). Balanced bilingual children with two weak languages: A French/German case study. In Guijarro-Fuentes, P., Larrañaga, M., & Clibbens, J. (Eds.), First language acquisition of morphology and syntax: Perspectives across languages and learners (pp. 269–294). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muysken, P. (2000). Bilingual speech: A typology of code-mixing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Myers Scotton, C. (1983). The negotiation of identities in conversation: A theory of markedness and code choice. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 1983(44), 115–136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Myers-Scotton, C. (2006). Multiple voices: An introduction to bilingualism. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Naggara, O., Raymond, J., Guilbert, F., Roy, D., Weill, A., & Altman, D. G. (2011). Analysis by categorizing or dichotomizing continuous variables is inadvisable: An example from the natural history of unruptured aneurysms. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 32, 437–440.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nartey, J. N. (1982). Code-switching, interference or faddism? Language use among educated Ghanians. Anthropological linguistics, 24, 183–192.Google Scholar
Nation, I. S. P. (2001). Learning vocabulary in another language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nation, I. S. P. (2012). The vocabulary size test. Wellington, New Zealand: University of Wellington.Google Scholar
Nation, I. S. P., & Beglar, D. (2007). A vocabulary size test. The Language Teacher, 31(7), 9–12.Google Scholar
Nation, I. S. P., & Waring, R. (1997). Vocabulary size, text coverage and word lists. In Schmitt, N. & McCarthy, M. (Eds.), Vocabulary: Description, Acquisition and Pedagogy (pp. 6–19).Google Scholar
Nelson, L. R., & Zaichkowsky, L. D. (1979). A case for using multiple regression instead of ANOVA in educational research. Journal of Experimental Education, 47, 324–330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicoladis, E. (1999). “Where is my brush-teeth?” Acquisition of compound nouns in a French–English bilingual child. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 2, 245–256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicoladis, E. (2002). What’s the difference between “toilet paper” and “paper toilet”? French–English bilingual children’s crosslinguistic transfer in compound nouns. Journal of Child Language, 29, 843–863.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nicoladis, E. (2003). Cross-linguistic transfer in deverbal compounds of preschool bilingual children. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 6, 17–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicoladis, E. (2006). Cross-linguistic transfer in adjective-noun strings by preschool bilingual children. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 9, 15–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicoladis, E. (2012). Cross-linguistic influence in French–English bilingual children’s possessive constructions. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 15, 320–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicoladis, E., & Genesee, F. (1996a). Bilingual communication strategies and language dominance. In Stringfellow, A., Cahana-Amitay, D., Hughes, E., & Zukowski, A.(Eds.), Proceedings of the 20th annual Boston university conference on language development (pp. 518–527). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.Google Scholar
Paradis, J. (1996b). A longitudinal study of pragmatic differentiation in young bilingual children. Language Learning, 46, 439–464.Google Scholar
Nicoladis, E., Palmer, A., & Marentette, P. (2007). The role of type and token frequency in using past tense morphemes correctly. Developmental Science, 10, 237–254.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nicoladis, E., & Paradis, J. (2011). Learning to liaise and elide comme il faut: Evidence from bilingual children. Journal of Child Language, 38, 701–730.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nicoladis, E., Rose, A., & Foursha-Stevenson, C. (2009). Talking for speaking and cross-linguistic transfer in preschool bilingual children. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 13, 345–370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicoladis, E., & Secco, G. (2000). The role of a child’s productive vocabulary in the language choice of a bilingual family. First Language, 58, 3–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Grady, W., Schafer, A., Perla, J., Lee, O.-S., & Wieting, J. (2009). A psycholinguistic tool for the assessment of language loss: The HALA Project. Language Documentation and Conservation, 3, 100–112.Google Scholar
Oldfield, R. C. (1971). The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh Inventory. Neuropsychologia, 9, 97–113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olsson, Å., & Sullivan, K. (2005). ISB4: Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Bilingualism (pp. 1750–1764). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.Google Scholar
Ortega, L. (2014). Understanding second language acquisition. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Otheguy, R., García, O., & Fernández, M. (1989). Transferring, switching, and modeling in West New York Spanish: An intergenerational study. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 1989 (79), 41–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pancsofar, N., & Vernon-Feagans, L. (2006). Mother and father language input to young children: Contributions to later language development. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 27, 571–587.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paradis, J. (2001). Do bilingual two-year olds have separate phonological systems? International Journal of Bilingualism, 5, 19–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paradis, J. (2007). Early bilingual and multilingual acquisition. In Auer, P. & Wei, L. (Eds.), Multilingualism and multilingual communication: Handbook of Applied Linguistics (Vol. 5, pp. 15–44). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paradis, J. (2010a). The interface between bilingual development and specific language impairment. Applied Psycholinguistics, 31, 3–28.Google Scholar
Paradis, J. (2010b). Bilingual children’s acquisition of English verb morphology: Effects of language exposure, structure complexity, and task type. Language Learning, 60, 651–680.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paradis, J. (2011). Individual differences in child English second language acquisition: Comparing child-internal and child-external factors. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 1, 213–237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paradis, J., Crago, M., Genesee, F., & Rice, M. (2003). Bilingual children with specific language impairment: How do they compare with their monolingual peers? Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research, 46, 1–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paradis, J., Genesee, F., & Crago, M. B. (2011). Dual language development and disorders: A handbook on bilingualism and second language learning. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.Google Scholar
Paradis, J., & Navarro, S. (2003). Subject realization and crosslinguistic interference in the bilingual acquisition of Spanish and English: What is the role of the input? Journal of Child Language, 30, 371–393.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paradis, J., & Nicoladis, E. (2007). The influence of dominance and sociolinguistic context in bilingual preschoolers’ language choice. The International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 10, 277–297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paradis, J., Nicoladis, E., Crago, M., & Genesee, F. (2011). Bilingual children’s acquisition of the past tense: A usage-based approach. Journal of Child Language, 38, 544–578.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pardo, J. S. (2013). Measuring phonetic convergence in speech production. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 1–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pascual y Cabo, D., & Rothman, J. (2012). The (Il)logical problem of heritage speaker bilingualism and incomplete acquisition. Applied Linguistics, 33, 1–7.Google Scholar
Patuto, M., Hager, M., Arnaus Gil, L., Eichler, N., Jansen, V. Schmeißer, A., & Müller, N. (2014). Child-external and -internal factors in bilingual code-switching: Spanish, Italian, French and German. In Koll-Stobbe, A. & Knospe, S. (Eds.), Langugage contact around the globe: Proceedings of Language Contact in Times of Globalization (LCTG 3) (pp. 191–209). Frankfurt am Main: Lang.Google Scholar
Patuto, M., Repetto, V., & Müller, N. (2011). Delay and acceleration in bilingual first language acquisition: the same or different? In Rinke, E. & Kupisch, T. (Eds.), The development of grammar: Language acquisition and diachronic change – Volume in honor of Jürgen M. Meisel (pp. 231–261). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paugh, A. L. (2005). Multilingual play: Children’s code-switching, role play, and agency in Dominica, West Indies. Language in Society, 34, 63–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paulston, C. B. (1983). Swedish research and debate about bilingualism. Stockholm: National Swedish Board of Education.Google Scholar
Pavlenko, A. (2014). The bilingual mind: And what it tells us about language and thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peal, E., & Lambert, W. E. (1962). The relation of bilingualism to intelligence. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 76, 1–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearson, B. Z. (2009). Children with two languages. In Bavin, E. (Ed.), Handbook of child language (pp. 379–398). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearson, B. Z., & Fernández, S. (1994). Patterns of interaction in the lexical growth in two languages of bilingual infants and toddlers. Language Learning, 44, 617–653.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearson, B. Z., Fernández, S. C., Lewedeg, V., & Oller, D. K. (1997). The relation of input factors to lexical learning by bilingual infants. Applied Psycholinguistics, 18, 41–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearson, B. Z., Fernández, S., & Oller, D. K. (1995). Cross-language synonyms in the lexicons of bilingual infants: One language or two? Journal of Child Language, 22, 345–368.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Penton-Voak, I., Jones, B., Little, A., Baker, S., Tiddeman, B., Burt, D., & Perrett, D. (2001). Symmetry, sexual dimorphism in facial proportions and male facial attractiveness. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 268(1476), 1617–1623.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pérez, A. M., Peña, E. D., & Bedore, L. M. (2010). Cognates facilitate word recognition in young Spanish–English bilinguals’ test performance. Early Childhood Services, 4, 55–67.Google ScholarPubMed
Perrett, D. I., Burt, D. M., Penton-Voak, I. S., Lee, K. J., Rowland, D. A., & Edwards, R. (1999). Symmetry and human facial attractiveness. Evolution and Human Behavior, 20, 295–307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petersen, J. (1988). Word-internal code-switching constraints in a bilingual child’s grammar. Linguistics, 26, 479–493.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pires, A., & Rothman, J. (2009). Disentangling sources of incomplete acquisition: An explanation for competence divergence across heritage grammars. International Journal of Bilingualism, 3, 1–28.Google Scholar
Pirvulescu, M., Pérez-Leroux, A. T., Roberge, Y., Strik, N., & Thomas, D. (2014). Bilingual effects: Exploring object omission in pronominal languages. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 17, 495–510.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Place, S., & Hoff, E. (2011). Properties of dual language exposure that influence two-year-olds’ bilingual proficiency. Child Development, 82, 1834–1849.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polinsky, M. (1997). American Russian: Language loss meets language acquisition. In Wayles, E., Browne, N., Dornisch, N., Kondrashowva, N., & Ze, D. (Eds.), Annual workshop on formal approaches to Slavic linguistics: The Cornell meeting (1995) (pp. 370–406). Ann Arbor, MI: Michigan Slavic Publishers.Google Scholar
Polinsky, M. (2006). Incomplete acquisition: American Russian. Journal of Slavic Linguistics, 14, 191–262.Google Scholar
Polinsky, M. (2008a). Heritage language narratives. In Brinton, D., Kagan, O., & Bauckus, S. (Eds.), Heritage language education: A new field emerging (pp. 149–164). New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Polinsky, M. (2008b). Russian gender under incomplete acquisition. The Heritage Language Journal, 6, 1–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polio, C. (2001). Research methodology in second language writing research: The case of text based studies. In Silva, T. & Matsuda, P. K. (Eds.), On second language writing (pp. 91–116). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Poulin-Dubois, D., Bialystok, E., Blaye, A., Polonia, A., & Yott, J. (2013). Lexical access and vocabulary development in very young bilinguals. International Journal of Bilingualism, 17, 57–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prewitt Díaz, J. O. (1988). Assessment of Puerto Rican children in bilingual education programs in the United States: A critique of Lloyd M. Dunn’s monograph. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 10, 237–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pupier, P. (1982). L’acquisition des déterminants français chez les petits enfants bilingues français-anglais. In Pupier, P. (Ed.), L’acquisition Simultanée du Français et de l’Anglais chez des Petits Enfants de Montréal (pp. 173–214). Québec: Ed. Officiel du Québec.Google Scholar
Ramos, F. (2007). What do parents think of two-way bilingual education? An analysis of responses. Journal of Latinos and Education, 6, 139–150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Read, J. (2007). Second language vocabulary assessment: Current practices and new directions. IJES, International Journal of English Studies, 7, 105–126.Google Scholar
Repetto, V. (2010). L’acquisizione bilingue: l’ordine dei costituenti della frase e loro realizzazione morfologica in italiano e in tedesco. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Bergische Universität Wuppertal/Università di Napoli.Google Scholar
Repetto, V., & Müller, N. (2010). The acquisition of German V2 in bilingual Italian–German children residing in Germany and Italy: A case of acceleration? In Torrens, V., Escobar, L., Gavarrό, A., & Gutiérrez, J. (Eds.), Movement and clitics: Adult and child grammar (pp. 155–184). Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.Google Scholar
Reyes, I., & Azuara, P. (2008). Emergent biliteracy in young Mexican immigrant children. Reading Research Quarterly, 43, 374–398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rice, M. (2010). Mean length of utterance levels in 6-month intervals for children 3 to 9 years with and without language impairment. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research, 53, 333–349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rigal, R. A. (1992). Which handedness: Preference or performance? Perceptual and Motor Skills, 75, 851–866.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Romaine, S. (2010). Language contact in the USA. In Potowski, K. (Ed.), Language diversity in the USA (pp. 25–46). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ronjat, J. (1913). Le développement du langage observé chez un enfant bilingue. Paris: Champion.Google Scholar
Ross, J. A. (2006). The reliability, validity, and utility of self-assessment. Practical Assessment, 11(10). Retrieved from http://pareonline.net/getvn.asp?v=11&n=10.Google Scholar
Rothman, J. (2009). Understanding the nature of early bilingualism: Romance languages as heritage languages. International Journal of Bilingualism, 13, 155–163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rothweiler, M. (2006). The acquisition of V2 and subordinate clause structure in early successive acquisition of German. In Lleó, C. (Ed.), Interfaces in multilingualism (pp. 91–113). Amsterdam: Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rothweiler, M. (2007). Bilingualer Spracherwerb und Zweitspracherwerb. In Steinbach, M. et al. (Eds.), Schnittstellen der germanistischen Linguistik (pp. 103–135). Stuttgart/Weimar: Metzler.Google Scholar
Scheele, A. F., Leseman, P. P. M., & Mayo, A. Y. (2010). The home language environment of monolingual and bilingual children and their language proficiency. Applied Psycholinguistics, 31, 117–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scheutz, H. (1997). Satzinitiale Voranstellungen im gesprochenen Deutsch als Mittel der Themensteuerung und Referenzkonstitution. In Schlobinski, P. (Ed.), Syntax des gesprochenen Deutsch (pp. 27–54). Westdeutscher Verlag: Opladen.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schlyter, S. (1990). The DUFDE project. In Meisel, J. (Ed.), Two first languages: Early grammatical development in bilingual children (pp. 73–84). Foris: Dordrecht.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schlyter, S. (1993). The weaker language in bilingual Swedish–French children. In Hyltenstam, K. & Viberg, A. (Eds.), Progression and regression in language: Sociocultural, neuropsychological and linguistic perspectives (pp. 289–308). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Schlyter, S. (1994). Early morphology in French as the weaker language in French–Swedish bilingual children. Scandinavian Working Papers in Bilingualism, 9, 67–87.Google Scholar
Schlyter, S. (1995). Formes verbales du passé dans des interactions en langue forte et en langue faible. Acquisition et interaction en langue étrangère, 6, 129–152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schlyter, S. (2001). Pragmatic rules, C-domain, and language dominance. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 4, 40–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schlyter, S., & Håkansson, G. (1994). Word order in Swedish as the first language, second language and weaker language. Scandinavian Working Papers on Bilingualism, 9, 49–67.Google Scholar
Schmeißer, A., & Jansen, V. (to appear). Finite verb placement in French language change and in bilingual German–French language acquisition. In Schmitz, K., Guijarro-Fuentes, P., & Müller, N. (Eds.), The acquisition of French in multilingual contexts. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Schmitz, K., Patuto, M., & Müller, N. (2012). The null-subject parameter at the interface between syntax and pragmatics: Evidence from bilingual German–Italian, German–French and Italian–French children. First Language, 32, 205–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Segalowitz, N. (2010). Cognitive bases of second language fluency. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Segalowitz, N., & Lambert, W. E. (1969). Semantic generalization in bilinguals. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 8, 559–566.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Serratrice, L. (1999). The Emergence of Functional Categories in Bilingual First Language Acquisition. Doctoral dissertation, University of Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Serratrice, L. (2005). The role of discourse pragmatics in the acquisition of subjects in Italian. Applied Psycholinguistics, 26, 437–462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Serratrice, L. (2007). Cross-linguistic influence in the interpretation of anaphoric and cataphoric pronouns in English–Italian bilingual children. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 10, 225–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Serratrice, L. (2013). Cross-linguistic influence in bilingual development. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 3, 3–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Serratrice, L., Sorace, A., & Paoli, S. (2004). Crosslinguistic influence at the syntax–pragmatics interface: Subjects and objects in English–Italian bilingual and monolingual acquisition. Bilingualism Language and Cognition, 7, 183–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shapiro, M. O., O’Malley, M. P., & Litten, L. H. (1991). Progression to graduate school from the “elite” colleges and universities. Economics of Education Review, 10, 227–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheng, L., Lu, Y., & Gollan, T. H. (2014). Assessing language dominance in Mandarin–English bilinguals: Convergence and divergence between subjective and objective measures. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 17, 364–383.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sherkina-Lieber, M., Pérez-Leroux, A. T., & Johns, A. (2011). Grammar without speech production: The case of Labrador Inuttitut heritage receptive bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 14, 301–317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silva-Corvalán, C. (1994). Language contact and change: Spanish in Los Angeles. Oxford: Clarendon.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silva-Corvalán, C. (2014). Bilingual language acquisition: Spanish and English in the first six years. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silva-Corvalán, C., & Montanari, S. (2008). The acquisition of ser, estar (and be) by a Spanish–English bilingual child: The early stages. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 11, 341–360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simon-Cereijido, G., & Gutierrez-Clellen, V. F. (2009). A cross-linguistic and bilingual evaluation of the interdependence between lexical and grammatical domains. Applied Psycholinguistics, 30, 315–338.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Skutnabb-Kangas, T. (1978). Semilingualism and the education of migrant children as a means of reproducing the caste of assembly line workers. In Dittmar, N., Haberland, H., Skutnabb-Kangas, T., & Teleman, V. (Eds.), Papers from the First Scandinavian–German Symposium on the Language of Immigrant Workers and Their Children (pp. 221–252). Roshilde: Universitetscenter.Google Scholar
Skutnabb-Kangas, T. (1981). Bilingualism or not: The education of minorities. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Sorace, A. (2004). Native language attrition and developmental instability at the syntax-discourse interface: Data, interpretation and methods. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 7, 143–145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sorace, A. (2005). Selective optionality in language development. In Cornips, L. & Corrigan, K. (Eds.), Syntax and variation: Reconciling the biological and the social (pp. 55–80). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sorace, A. (2011). Pinning down the concept of “interface” in bilingualism. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 1, 1–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sorace, A., & Filiaci, F. (2006). Anaphora resolution in near-native speakers of Italian. Second Language Research, 22, 339–368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sorace, A., & Serratrice, L. (2009). Internal and external interfaces in bilingual language development: Beyond structural overlap. International Journal of Bilingualism, 13, 195–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sorace, A., Serratrice, L., Filiaci, F., & Baldo, M. (2009). Discourse conditions on subject pronoun realization: Testing the linguistic intuitions of older bilingual children. Lingua, 119, 460–477.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Springer, J. A., Binder, J. R., Hammeke, T. A., Swanson, S. J., Frost, J. A., Bellgowan, P. S., et al. (1999). Language dominance in neurologically normal and epilepsy subjects: A functional MRI study. Brain, 122(11), 2033–2046.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stöhr, A., Akpinar, D., Bianchi, G., & Kupisch, T. (2012). Gender marking in Italian–German heritage speakers and L2-learners of German. In Braunmüller, K. & Gabriel, C. (Eds.), Multilingual Individuals Multilingual Societies (MIMS) (pp. 153–169). Amsterdam: Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Streiner, D. L. (2002). Breaking up is hard to do: The heartbreak of dichotomizing continuous data. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 47, 262–266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sundara, M., Polka, L., & Genesee, F. (2006). Language-experience facilitates discrimination of /d-d/ in monolingual and bilingual acquisition of English. Cognition, 100, 369–388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swigart, L. (1992). Two codes or one? The insiders’ view and the description of codeswitching in Dakar. Journal of Multilingual & Multicultural Development, 13, 83–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Talamas, A., Kroll, J., & Dufour, R. (1999). From form to meaning: Stages in the acquisition of second language vocabulary. Bilingualism, Language and Cognition, 2, 45–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Templin, M. ( 1957). Certain language skills in children: Their development and interrelationships. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thoma, D., & Tracy, R. (2006). Deutsch als frühe Zweitsprache: zweite Erstsprache? In Ahrenholz, B. (Ed.), Kinder mit Migrationshintergrund: Spracherwerb und Fördermöglichkeiten (pp. 58–79). Freiburg: Fillibach.Google Scholar
Thomas, E. M., & Gathercole, V. C. M. (2007). Children’s productive command of grammatical gender and mutation in Welsh: An alternative to rule-based learning. First Language, 27, 251–278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thordardottir, E. (2011). The relationship between bilingual exposure and vocabulary development. International Journal of Bilingualism, 15, 426–445.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thordardottir, E., Rothenberg, A., Rivard, M. E., & Naves, R. (2006). Bilingual assessment: Can overall proficiency be estimated from separate measurement of two languages? Journal of Multilingual Communication Disorders, 4, 1–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Todor, J. I., & Doane, T. (1977). Handedness classification: Preference versus proficiency. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 45, 1041–1042.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Townsend, P., Phillimore, P., & Beattie, A. (1988). Health and deprivation: Inequality and the north. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Tracy, R., & Thoma, D. (2009). Convergence on finite clauses in L1, bilingual L1 and early L2 acquisition. In Jordens, P. & Dimroth, Ch. (Eds.), Functional elements: Variation in learner systems (pp. 1–43). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Treffers-Daller, J. (1992). French–Dutch codeswitching in Brussels: Social factors explaining its disappearance. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 13(1&2), 143–156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Treffers-Daller, J. (2011). Operationalizing and measuring language dominance. International Journal of Bilingualism, 15, 147–163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Treffers-Daller, J. (2013). Measuring lexical diversity among L2 learners of French: An exploration of the validity of D, MTLD and HD-D as measures of language ability. In Jarvis, S. & Daller, M. (Eds), Vocabulary knowledge: Human ratings and automated measures (pp. 79–103). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Treffers-Daller, J., & Sakel, J. (2012). Why transfer is a key aspect of language use and processing in bilinguals and L2-users. International Journal of Bilingualism, 16(1), 3–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tremblay, A. (2011). Proficiency assessment standards in second language acquisition research. Closing the “gap.” Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 33, 339–372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tucker, G. R., Lambert, W. E., & Rigault, A. A. (1977). The French speaker’s skill with grammatical gender: An example of rule-governed behavior. The Hague: Mouton.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tweedie, F. J., & Baayen, R. H. (1998). How variable may a constant be? Measures in lexical richness in perspective. Computers and the Humanities, 32, 323–352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uccelli, P., & Páez, M. M. (2007). Narrative and vocabulary development of bilingual children from Kindergarten to first grade: Developmental changes and associations among English and Spanish skills. Language, Speech and Hearing Services in Schools, 38, 225–236.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Unsworth, S. (2003). Testing Hulk & Müller (2000) on crosslinguistic influence: Root infinitives in a bilingual German/English child. Bilingualism Language and Cognition, 6, 143–158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Unsworth, S. (2005). Child L2, adult L2, child L1: Differences and similarities – A study on the acquisition of direct object scrambling in Dutch. Doctoral dissertation, Utrecht University.Google Scholar
Unsworth, S. (2013a). Current issues in multilingual first language acquisition. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 33, 21–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Unsworth, S. (2013b). Assessing the role of current and cumulative exposure in simultaneous bilingual acquisition: The case of Dutch gender. Bilingualism Language and Cognition, 16, 86–110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Unsworth, S. (2014). Comparing the role of input in bilingual acquisition across domains. In Grüter, T. & Paradis, J. (Eds.), Input and experience in bilingual development (pp. 181–202). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Unsworth, S., Argyri, F., Cornips, L., Hulk, A., Sorace, A., & Tsimpli, I. (2014). On the role of age of onset and input in early child bilingualism in Greek and Dutch. Applied Psycholinguistics, 35, 765–805.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uriagereka, J. (2007). Clarifying the notion “parameter.” Biolinguistics, 1, 99–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van der Linden, E., & Blok-Boas, A. (2005). Exploring possession in simultaneous bilingualism: Dutch/French and Dutch/Italian. Eurosla Yearbook, 5, 103–135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Walraven, C., & Hart, R. G. (2008). Leave ’em alone: Why continuous variables should be analyzed as such. Neuroepidemiology, 30, 138–139.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Volterra, V., & Taeschner, T. (1978). The acquisition and development of language by bilingual children. Journal of Child Language, 5, 311–326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, X. (2013). Language dominance in translation priming: Evidence from balanced and unbalanced Chinese–English bilinguals. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 66, 727–743CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weinreich, U. (1953). Languages in contact: Findings and problems. New York: Linguistic Circle of New York.Google Scholar
White, L., Valenzuela, E., Kozlowska-Macgregor, M., & Leung, Y.-K. I. (2004). Gender agreement in nonnative Spanish: Evidence against failed features. Applied Psycholinguistics, 25, 105–133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wölck, W. (1987/1988). Types of natural bilingual behavior: A review and revision. The Bilingual Review/La Revista Bilingüe, 14, 3–16.Google Scholar
Wolfe-Quintero, K., Inagaki, S., & Kim, H.-Y. (1998). Second language development in writing: Measures of fluency, accuracy, and complexity. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai’i, Second Language Teaching and Curriculum Center.Google Scholar
Yan, S., & Nicoladis, E. (2009). Finding le mot juste: Differences between bilingual and monolingual children’s lexical access in comprehension and production. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 12, 323–335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yip, V., & Matthews, S. (2000). Syntactic transfer in a Cantonese–English bilingual child. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 3, 193–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paradis, J. (2006). Assessing language dominance in bilingual acquisition: A case for mean length utterance differentials. Language Assessment Quarterly, 3, 97–116.Google Scholar
Paradis, J. (2007). The bilingual child: Early development and language contact. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Zell, E., & Krizan, Z. (2014). Do people have insight into their abilities? A metasynthesis. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 9, 111–125.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zink, I., & Lejaegere, M. (2002). N-CDIs: Lijsten voor communicatieve ontwikkeling – Aanpassing en hernormering van de MacArthur CDIs van Fenson et al. Leuven, Belgium: Acco.Google Scholar
Zirkel, P. A. (1974). A method for determining and depicting language dominance. TESOL Quarterly, 8, 7–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zuckerman, S. (2001). The acquisition of optional movement. Doctoral dissertation, University of Groningen.Google Scholar
Zwanziger, E. E., Allen, S. A., & Genesee, F. (2005). Crosslinguistic influence in bilingual acquisition: Subject omission in learners of Inuktitut and English. Journal of Child Language, 32, 893–909.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed