Chapter 4 addresses the evolution of the Decalogue in light of the transposition of monumental texts onto small-scale artifacts like amulets and scrolls in the Levant, as well as the introduction of amulets and scrolls to depicted monumental assemblages in the books of Exodus and Deuteronomy. This transposition was particularly important to the Judean exiles, who had lost access to the monuments that inspired those small-scale productions.