Cultural erosion is one of the favorite topics of Ayatollah Khāmenei, and in order to protect Iran he endorsesd a prescriptive version of Islam over Iranian society, which Qābel characerized as a culture of sadness. He rejected both this and the mazhabi society and its rituals asociated with it. Moreover, he viewed the “Islamization” of the universities in Iran as nothing more than imposing gender segregation, which in reality did not achieve its goals. In explicitly articularting such criticisms, he crossed yet another redline in his advocacy of religious secularity. Indeed, his writings reveal that he considered the West more Islamic than Iran.