Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-ttngx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-01T19:05:39.949Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 21 - The End of the Story

Grammar, Gender, and Time in the Contemporary Short Story

from Part IV - Theories

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2023

Michael J. Collins
Affiliation:
King's College London
Gavin Jones
Affiliation:
Stanford University
Get access

Summary

Since Edgar Allan Poe’s assertion that the short story must be read in a “single sitting,” short story theory has focused on the importance of endings as a hallmark of the form. This crystallized, in the 1980s and 1990s, in the rise of closure studies, a critical field that sought to taxonomize the ways stories end and its effects on the reader. This essay examines a feminist countertradition of short story writing that uses grammar as a tool to disrupt the form’s inbuilt narrative teleology. By interrogating the short story’s narrative temporality, writers such as Gertrude Stein, Lydia Davis, and Lorrie Moore use grammar to situate themselves, in distinctly gendered ways, in and against broader systems of time. Through a close examination of these writers, the essay explores how grammar offers a way of assessing not only the short story’s closures but also its various expansions and radical possibilities.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Works Cited

Barth, John. 1986. “A Few Words about Minimalism,” New York Times, December 28. https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/98/06/21/specials/barth-minimalism.html.Google Scholar
Barthelme, Donald. 2005. Forty Stories. London: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Barthes, Roland. 1975. “An Introduction to the Structural Analysis of Narrative.” Trans. Duisit, Lionel. New Literary History 6.2: 237272.Google Scholar
Boddy, Kasia. 2010. The American Short Story After 1950. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boddy, Kasia. 2019. “Making It Long: Men, Women, and the Great American Novel Now,” Textual Practice 33.2: 318337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burgan, Mary. 1993. “The ‘Feminine’ Short Story: Recuperating the Moment,” Style 27.3: 380386.Google Scholar
Burgan, Mary. 2000. “The ‘Feminine’ Short Story in America: Historicizing Epiphanies,” in American Women Short Story Writers: A Collection of Critical Essays. Ed. Brown, Julie, 267280. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Cohen, Milton. 1984. “Black Brutes and Mulatto Saints: The Racial Hierarchy of Stein’s ‘Melanctha’,” Black American Literature Forum 18.3: 119121.Google Scholar
Davis, Lydia. 2009. Collected Stories of Lydia Davis. London: Penguin.Google Scholar
Gerlach, John. 1985. Toward the End: Closure and Structure in the American Short Story. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.Google Scholar
Hemingway, Ernest. 2021. In Our Time. London: Vintage Books.Google Scholar
Hemmings, Clare. 2011. Why Stories Matter: The Political Grammar of Feminist Theory. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Kristeva, Julia. 1981. “Women’s Time.” Trans. Jardine, Alice and Blake, Harry. Signs 7.1: 1335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leitch, Thomas. 1989. “The Debunking Rhythm of the American Short Story,” in Short Story Theory at a Crossroads. Ed. Lohafer, Susan and Clarey, Jo Ellyn. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.Google Scholar
Lohafer, Susan. 1983. Coming to Terms with the Short Story. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.Google Scholar
Lohafer, Susan. 1994. “A Cognitive Approach to Storyness,” in The New Short Story Theories. Ed. May, Charles E., 301311. Athens: Ohio University Press.Google Scholar
Lohafer, Susan. 2003. Reading for Storyness: Preclosure Theory, Empirical Poetics, and Culture in the Short Story. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
MacPherson, Heidi Slettedahl. 2012. “‘Escape from the Invasion of the Love-Killers’: Lorrie Moore’s Metafictional Feminism,” Journal of American Studies 46.3: 565580.Google Scholar
Poe, Edgar Allan. 1994. “Poe on Short Fiction,” in The New Short Story Theories. Ed. May, Charles E., 5972. Athens: Ohio University Press.Google Scholar
Scholes, Robert. 1990. “Decoding Papa: ‘A Very Short Story’ As Work and Text,” in New Critical Approaches to the Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, Jennifer. 2018. The American Short Story Cycle. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stein, Gertrude. 1993. “Composition as Explanation,” in A Stein Reader. Ed. Dydo, Ulla, 493503. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.Google Scholar
Stein, Gertrude. 2001. The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas. London: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Stein, Gertrude. 2003. Three Lives & Tender Buttons. New York: Signet Classics.Google Scholar
Trussler, Michael. 1996. “Suspended Narratives: The Short Story and Temporality,” Studies in Short Fiction 33.4: 557577.Google Scholar
Pratt, Mary Louise. 1981. “The Short Story: The Long and the Short of It,” Poetics 10.2–3: 175194.Google Scholar
Wald, Priscilla. 1995. Constituting Americans. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Winther, Per. 2004. “Closure and Preclosure as Narrative Grid in Short Story Analysis,” in The Art of Brevity: Excursions in Short Fiction Theory and Analysis. Ed. Winther, Per, Lothe, Jakob, and Skei, Hans H., 5769. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Winther, Per, Trussler, Michael, Toolan, Michael, May, Charles E., and Lohafer, Susan. 2012. “Introduction,” Narrative 20.2: 135170.Google Scholar
Young, Emma. 2018. Contemporary Feminism and Women’s Short Stories. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×