The introduction offers a brief overview of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) and its implications on different sectors. It then discusses the opportunities and risks of structural transformation that will be brought on by technological innovation. Following this, the 4IR is framed as an inevitable acceleration of digitalization, resulting in market disruptions that the African continent cannot escape. After this, questions about the implications, advantages, key players, and leaders of the 4IR are discussed. This concludes with the final question of Africa’s ability to grow and develop in the 4IR. The research questions are followed by an explanation of 4IR technologies and the methodology of the book, in addition to an overview of the remaining chapters.