Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-jbqgn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-29T19:46:10.753Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

2 - Ground-Based Gas Turbines

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 December 2022

By
Vince McDonell  and
Bobby Noble
Edited by
Jacqueline O'Connor ,
Bobby Noble  and
Tim Lieuwen
Jacqueline O'Connor
Affiliation:
Pennsylvania State University
Bobby Noble
Affiliation:
Electric Power Research Institute
Tim Lieuwen
Affiliation:
Georgia Institute of Technology
Get access

Summary

Gas turbines play a preeminent role in the stationary power generation marketplace and are expected to remain a critical part of the market mix for the foreseeable future. Alternative technologies compete with gas turbines in certain size classes, but at power generation levels above 5 MW, gas turbines offer the most attractive option due to their relatively low capital, operating, and maintenance costs. The configurations for these systems involve high efficiencies as well. These engines are being looked to by the US Department of Energy and the major OEMs for clean power production, especially considering the use of renewable fuels. As a result, the market will continue to demand gas turbines for the foreseeable future.

Keywords

instabilityhydrogenblowoffpower generationelectricityautoignitioncombined cyclecogensimple cycle
Type
Chapter
Information
Renewable Fuels
Sources, Conversion, and Utilization
 , pp. 35 - 74
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andreades, C., Scarlat, R. O., Dempsey, L., and Peterson, P. (2014). Reheat-air Brayton combined cycle power conversion design and performance under nominal ambient conditions. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, Vol 136(6), 062001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andrews, G. E. (2013). Modern Gas Turbine Systems, Woodhead Publishing, Sawston, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Araki, H., Koganezawa, T., Myouren, C. et al. (2012). Experimental and analytical study on the operation characteristics of the AHAT system. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, Vol 134(5), 051701.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ballal, D. R. and Lefebvre, A. H. (1979). Weak extinction limits of turbulent flowing mixtures. ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, Vol 101(3), 343.Google Scholar
Beerer, D. J. and McDonell, V. G. (2008). Autoignition of hydrogen and air inside a continuous flow reactor with applications to lean premixed combustion. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, Vol 130(5), 051507–1.Google Scholar
Brown, A. and Welch, M. (2020). Hydrogen as a Fuel for Gas Turbines, The Chemical Engineer, March 2020.Google Scholar
Chaudhuri, S., Kostka, S., Tuttle, S., Renfro, M. W., and Cetegen, B. M. (2011). Blowoff mechanisms of two dimensional bluff-body stabilized turbulent premixed flames in a prototypical combustor. Combust. Flame, Vol 158, 1358–1371.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheng, R. K. and Oppenheim, A. K. (1984). Autoignition in methane-hydrogen mixtures. Combust. Flame, Vol 58, 125–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheng, R. (2010). Turbulent combustion properties of premixed syngas chapter 5. In Synthesis Gas Combustion: Fundamentals and Applications, Lieuwen, T., Yang, V., and Yetter, R. eds., Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL.Google Scholar
DeZubay, E. A. (1950). Characteristics of disk-controlled flames. Aero Digest, Vol 54(6), 102–104.Google Scholar
Eichler, C., Baumgartner, G., and Sattelmayer, T. (2012). Experimental investigation of turbulent boundary layer flashback limits for premixed hydrogen-air confined in ducts. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, Vol 134(1), 011502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eichman, J. D., Mueller, F., Tarroja, B., Schell, L. S., and Samuelsen, S. (2013). Exploration of the integration of renewable resources into California’s electric system using the holistic grid resource integration and deployment (HiGRID) tool. Energy, Vol 50, 353–363.Google Scholar
EPRI (2019). Hydrogen-Capable Gas Turbines for Deep Decarbonization, Report 3002017544.Google Scholar
EPRI (2019). Advanced H/J Class Heavy-Duty Gas Turbines: Design Features and Installations, Report 3002016254.Google Scholar
EPRI (1993). A Feasibility and Assessment Study for FT4000 Humid Air Turbine (HAT), Report TR-102156.Google Scholar
Fritz, J., Kröner, M., and Sattelmayer, T. (2004). Flashback in a swirl burner with cylindrical premixing zone. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, Vol 126(2), 267–283.Google Scholar
Guin, C. (1998). Characterization of Autoignition and Flashback in Premixed Injection Systems, AVT Symposium on Gas Turbine Engine Combustion, Emissions, and Alternative Fuels, Lisbon.Google Scholar
Gülen, S. (2019). Gas Turbines for Electric Power Generation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Higuchi, S., Koganezawa, T., Horiuchi, Y. et al. (2008). Test Results from the Advanced Humit Air Turbine System Pilot Plant: Part 1 – Overall Performance, TurboExpo 2008, Berlin, Germany.Google Scholar
Hollon, B., Steinthorsson, E., Mansour, A., McDonell, V., and Lee, H. (2011). Paper GT2011-45929, TurboExpo 2011, Vancouver, BC, June.Google Scholar
International Energy Agency (2019). The future of hydrogen – seizing today’s opportunities, Prepared for the G20 Osaka Summit, June 28–29.Google Scholar
Isles, J. and Jaegar, H. (2021). Decarbonizing Gas Turbines via Hydrogen Fuel, Gas Turbine World, Feb 2021.Google Scholar
Janus, B., Bigalk, J., Helmers, L, Witzel, B, Ghermay, Y, Huth, M, Johnson, C, Landry, K, & Sunshine, R. (2014) “Successfully Validated Combustion System Upgrade for the SGT5/6-8000H Gas Turbines: Technical Features and Test Results.” Turbo Expo 2014. Düsseldorf, Germany.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kalantari, A. and McDonell, V. G. (2017). Boundary layer flashback of non-swirling premixed flames: Mechanisms, fundamental research, and recent advances. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., Vol 61, 249–292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kalantari, A., Sullivan-Lewis, E., and McDonell, V. (2016). Development of Criteria for Flashback Propensity in Jet Flames for High Hydrogen Content and Natural Gas Type Fuels. United States. https://doi.org/10.2172/1357931.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kavanagh, R. M. and Parks, G. T. (2009a). A systematic comparison and multi-objective optimization of humid power cycles – part I: Thermodynamics. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, Vol 131(4), 041701.Google Scholar
Kavanagh, R. M. and Parks, G. T. (2009b). A systematic comparison and multi-objective optimization of humid power cycles – part II: Economics. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, Vol 131(4), 041702.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kharchenko, N. V. (1998). Advanced Energy Systems, Taylor & Francis, Washington DCGoogle Scholar
Kiesewetter, F., Konle, M., and Sattelmayer, T. (2007). “Analysis of Combustion Induced Vortex Breakdown Driven Flame Flashback in a Premix Burner With Cylindrical Mixing Zone.” J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. 129(4): 929–936.Google Scholar
Konle, M. and Sattelmayer, T. (2010). Time scale model for the prediction of the onset of flame flashback driven by combustion induced vortex breakdown. J. Eng Gas Turbines Power, Vol 132(4), 041503.Google Scholar
Kröner, K., Fritz, J., and Sattelmayer, T. (2003). Flashback limits for combustion induced vortex breakdown in a swirl burner. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, Vol 125(3), 693–700.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lefebvre, A. H., Freeman, W., and Cowell, L. (1986). Spontaneous Ignition Delay Characteristics of Hydrocarbon Fuel/Air Mixtures, NASA Contractor Report 175064.Google Scholar
Leonard, P. A. and Mellor, A. M. (1983). Correlation of lean blowoff of gas turbine combustors using alternative fuels. J. Energy, Vol 7(6), 729–732.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, B. and von Elbe, G. (1943). Stability and structure of burner flames. J. Chem Physics, Vol 11, 75–98.Google Scholar
Li, S. C. and Williams, F. A. (2002). Reaction mechanism for methane ignition. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, Vol 124(3), 471–480.Google Scholar
Lieuwen, T. and Yang, V., eds. (2005). Combustion instabilities in gas turbine engines: Operational experience, fundamental mechanisms, and modeling. In Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, Vol 210, AIAA.Google Scholar
Lieuwen, T., McDonell, V., Petersen, E., and Santavicca, D. (2008). Fuel flexibility influences on premixed combustor blowout, flashback, autoignition, and stability J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, Vol 130(1), 011506.Google Scholar
Lieuwen, T.C., Yang, V., and Yetter, R., eds. (2010). Synthesis Gas Combustion: Fundamentals and Applications, CRC Press.Google Scholar
Lieuwen, T. C. and Yang, V., eds. (2013). Gas Turbine Emissions, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Liu, K., Hubbard, P., Sadasivuni, S., and Bulat, G. (2019). Extension of fuel flexibility by combining intelligent control methods for Siemens SGT-400 dry low emission combustion system. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, Vol 141(1), 011003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDonell, V. (2016). Lean combustion in gas turbines (2016). In Chapter 5 in Lean Combustion – Technology and Control, D. Dunn-Rankin ed., Academic Press.Google Scholar
Moore, J.J., Kurz, R., Garcia-Hernandez, A., Brun, K. (2009). Experimental Evaluation of the Transient Behavior of a Compressor Station during Emergency Shutdowns, Paper GT2009-59064, TurboEXPO 2009, Orlando, FL, June.Google Scholar
Noble, D., Wu, D., Emerson, B., Sheppard, S., Lieuwen, T., and Angello, L. (2021). Assessment of current capabilities and near-term availability of hydrogen-fired gas turbines considering a low-carbon future. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, Vol 143(4), 041002.Google Scholar
Peschke, W. T., and Spadaccini, L. J. (1985). Determination of Autoignition and Flame Speed Characteristics of Coal Gases Having Medium Heating Values, Final Report for AP-4291 Research Project 2357-1, November 1985.Google Scholar
Petersen, E. L., Kalitan, D. M., Barrett, A. B. et al. (2007). New syngas/air ignition data at lower temperature and elevated pressure and comparison to current kinetics models. Combust. Flame, Vol 149(1–2), 244–247.Google Scholar
Rayleigh, J. S. W. (1878). The explanation of certain acoustical phenomena. J. Nature, Vol 18(455), 319–321.Google Scholar
Richards, G.A., McMillian, M.M., Gemmen, R.S., Rogers, W. A., and Cully, S. R. (2001). Issues for low-emission, fuel-flexible power system. Prog. Energy Comb. Sci., Vol 27, 141–169.Google Scholar
Rizk, N. K., and Lefebvre, A. H. (1986). Relationship between flame stability and drag of bluff-body flameholders. J. Propulsion Power, Vol 2(4), 361.Google Scholar
Shanbhogue, S.J., Husain, S., and Lieuwen, T. (2010). Lean blowoff of bluff body stabilized flames: Scaling and dynamics. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., Vol 35, 98–120.Google Scholar
Soares, C. (2008). Gas Turbines, A Handbook of Air, Land, and Sea Applications, Elsevier, London.Google Scholar
Thomas, L.L., Simons, D.W., Popovic, P., Romoser, C.E., Vandale, D. D., and Citeno, J. V. (2011). E-Class DLN Technology Advancements, DLN1+, Turbo Expo 2011, Vancouver, BC.Google Scholar
Walsh, P. P. and Fletcher, P. (2004). Gas Turbine Performance, 2nd ed., Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.Google Scholar
Wright, F. H. (1959). Bluff-body stabilization: Blockage effects. Combust. Flame, Vol 3, 319–337.Google Scholar
Wulf, C., Zapp, P., and Schreiber, A. (2020). Review of power-to-X demonstration projects in Europe. Front. Energy Res., Vol 25, 1–12.Google Scholar
York, W.D., Simons, D. W., and Fu, Y. (2018). Operational Flexibility of GE’s F-Class Gas Turbines with the DLN 2.6+ Combustion System, GT2018–77248, Turbo Expo 2018, Oslo, Norway.Google Scholar
Zukoski, E. E. and Marble, F. E. (1955). The role of wake transition in the process of flame stabilization on bluff bodies. AGARD Combust. Res. Rev., 167.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×