Psychologists and psychiatrists may be called upon to assess the mental state of asylum seekers and refugees with a view to their report being submitted for evidentiary purposes to an asylum adjudicator or an immigration tribunal. Asylum seekers must demonstrate that they have a well-founded fear of persecution by reason of race, religion, nationality or membership of a particular social group or because of their political opinion. Lustig reviewed the literature on child and adolescent refugee mental health, and summarized the empirical findings about prevalence of psychopathology relating to different groups of refugees. The assessment of credibility in claims by asylum seekers and refugees is a key concern for statutory agencies and judicial bodies determining the immigration status of asylum seekers and refugees. Recommendations for treatment interventions for children and adolescents include cognitive-behavioural therapy, narrative or testimonial therapies, and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing.