Exploring the identity theory within the framework of sciences that are relevant to the psychological and neural phenomena yields a sanguine view of its prospects. This chapter presents the naturalist's case for assessing the merits of any version of the identity theory primarily with respect to how well it harmonizes with the activities and findings of the relevant sciences. It outlines Heuristic Identity Theory (HIT), exhibits its implicit commitment to explanatory pluralism, and shows how HIT manages the two sorts of objections to the identity theory. The chapter sketches how a current program of scientific research illustrates HIT in action. It explores the interplay between hypothetical identities and empirical findings in recent psychological science and cognitive neuroscience concerning the neural realization of human beings abilities to identify human faces and also discusses the face processing in normal participants as well as in congenital and acquired prosopagnosics.