Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-qlrfm Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-11T18:23:21.226Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 6 - Good Clinical Practice in Psychopharmacology

from Part 1 - Basic Science and General Principles

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 May 2020

Peter M. Haddad
Affiliation:
Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar
David J. Nutt
Affiliation:
Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London
Get access

Summary

This chapter discusses a range of issues related to good clinical practice in psychopharmacology. It has been written to address the wide readership of care professionals who are involved in prescribing, monitoring and/or advising patients about psychiatric medication, which includes psychiatrists, pharmacists, psychiatric nurses, primary care physicians and hospital doctors.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alphs, L, Mao, L, Rodriguez, SC, Hulihan, J, Starr, HL (2014). Design and rationale of the Paliperidone Palmitate Research in Demonstrating Effectiveness (PRIDE) study: a novel comparative trial of once-monthly paliperidone palmitate versus daily oral antipsychotic treatment for delaying time to treatment failure in persons with schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry, 75(12), 13881393.Google Scholar
Au-Yeung, KY, Moon, GD, Robertson, TL, et al. (2011). Early clinical experience with networked system for promoting patient self-management. Am J Manag Care, 17, e277e287.Google ScholarPubMed
Baldwin, DS, Kosky, N (2007). Off-label prescribing in psychiatric practice. Adv Psychiatr Treat, 13, 414422.Google Scholar
Barkhof, E, Meijer, CJ, de Sonneville, LM, Linszen, DH, de Haan, L (2012). Interventions to improve adherence to antipsychotic medication in patients with schizophrenia – a review of the past decade. Eur Psychiatry, 27, 918.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barnes, TR, Paton, C (2012). Role of the Prescribing Observatory for Mental Health. Br J Psychiatry, 201, 428429.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barnes, TR; Schizophrenia Consensus Group of British Association for Psychopharmacology (2011). Evidence-based guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia: recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology. J Psychopharmacol, 25(5), 567620.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barnes, TRE, Dye, S, Ferrier, N, et al. (2014). Consensus Statement on High-Dose Antipsychotic medication. College Report CR190. London: Royal College of Psychiatrists.Google Scholar
Barnes, TRE, Bhatti, SF, Adroer, R, Paton, C (2015). Screening for the metabolic side effects of antipsychotic medication: findings of a 6-year quality improvement programme in the UK. BMJ Open, 5, e007633.Google Scholar
Belknap, R, Weis, S, Brookens, A, et al. (2013). Feasibility of an ingestible sensor-based system for monitoring adherence to tuberculosis therapy. PLoS One, 8(1), e53373.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bourgeois, FT, Shannon, MW, Valim, C, et al. (2010). Adverse drug events in the outpatient setting: an 11-year national analysis. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf, 19, 901910.Google Scholar
Bushe, CJ, Slooff, CJ, Haddad, PM, Karagianis, JL (2012). Weight change from 3-year observational data: findings from the worldwide schizophrenia outpatient health outcomes database. J Clin Psychiatry, 73(6), e749e755.Google Scholar
Chakos, MH, Glick, ID, Miller, AL, et al. (2006). Baseline use of concomitant psychotropic medications to treat schizophrenia in the CATIE trial. Psychiatr Serv, 57, 10941101.Google Scholar
Clark, SR, Wilton, L, Baune, BT, et al. (2014). A state-wide quality improvement system utilising nurse-led clinics for clozapine management. Australas Psychiatry, 22(3), 254259.Google Scholar
Cleare, A, Pariante, CM, Young, AH, et al.; Members of the Consensus Meeting (2015). Evidence-based guidelines for treating depressive disorders with antidepressants: a revision of the 2008 British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines. J Psychopharmacol, 29(5), 459525.Google Scholar
Committee on Safety of Medicines (1986). CSM Update: withdrawal of nomifensine. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed), 293(6538), 41.Google Scholar
Cope, LC, Abuzour, AS, Tully, MP (2016). Nonmedical prescribing: where are we now? Ther Adv Drug Saf, 7(4), 165172.Google Scholar
Cramer, JA, Rosenheck, R (1998). Compliance with medication regimens for mental and physical disorders. Psychiatr Serv, 49(2), 196201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cuijpers, P, Smit, F, van Straten, A (2007). Psychological treatments of subthreshold depression: a meta-analytic review. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115(6), 434441.Google Scholar
De las Cuevas, C, Sanz, EJ (2004). Polypharmacy in psychiatric practice in the Canary Islands. BMC Psychiatry, 4, 18.Google Scholar
Demyttenaere, K, Albert, A, Mesters, P, et al. (2005). What happens with adverse events during 6 months of treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors? J Clin Psychiatry, 66, 859863.Google Scholar
Dilla, T, Ciudad, A, Alvarez, M. (2013). Systematic review of the economic aspects of nonadherence to antipsychotic medication in patients with schizophrenia. Patient Prefer Adherence, 7, 275284.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Duerden, M, Avery, T, Payne, R (2013). Polypharmacy and medicines optimisation: Making it safe and sound. London: The King’s Fund. Available at: www.kingsfund.org.uk/publications/polypharmacy-and-medicines-optimisation (last accessed 1.10.14).Google Scholar
Duncan, E, Best, C, Hagen, S (2010). Shared decision making interventions for people with mental health conditions. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, (1), CD007297.Google Scholar
Elwyn, G, Coulter, A, Laitner, S, et al. ( 2010). Implementing shared decision making in the NHS. BMJ, 341, c5146.Google Scholar
Finley, PR (2016). Drug interactions with lithium: an update. Clin Pharmacokinet, 55(8), 925941.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gage, H, Family, H, Murphy, F, et al. (2015). Comparison of sole nurse and team-delivered community clozapine services for people with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. J Adv Nurs, 71(3), 547558.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Geddes, JR, Carney, SM, Davies, C, et al. (2003). Relapse prevention with antidepressant drug treatment in depressive disorders: a systematic review. Lancet, 361, 653661.Google Scholar
General Medical Council (2013). Good practice in prescribing and managing medicines and devices. Available at: www.gmc-uk.org/ethical-guidance/ethical-guidance-for-doctors/prescribing-and-managing-medicines-and-devices (last accessed 2.8.19).Google Scholar
Gray, R, Bressington, D, Ivanecka, A, et al. (2016). Is adherence therapy an effective adjunct treatment for patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders? A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry, 16, 90.Google Scholar
Greist, J, McNamara, RK, Mallinckrodt, CH, Rayamajhi, JN, Raskin, J (2004). Incidence and duration of antidepressant induced nausea: duloxetine compared with paroxetine and fluoxetine. Clin Ther, 26, 14461455.Google Scholar
Haddad, PM, Sharma, SG (2007). Adverse effects of atypical antipsychotics: differential risk and clinical implications. CNS Drugs, 21(11), 911936.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haddad, PM, Brain, C, Scott, J (2014). Nonadherence with antipsychotic medication in schizophrenia: challenges and management strategies. Patient Relat Outcome Meas, 5, 4362.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haddad, P, Lambert, T, Lauriello, J (2016). The role of antipsychotic long-acting injections in clinical practice. In Haddad, P, Lambert, T, Lauriell, J, eds., Antipsychotic Long-Acting Injections, 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 337360.Google Scholar
Hegedüs, A, Kozel, B (2014). Does adherence therapy improve medication adherence among patients with schizophrenia? A systematic review. Int J Ment Health Nurs, 23(6), 490497.Google Scholar
Hill, T, Coupland, C, Morriss, R, et al. (2015). Antidepressant use and risk of epilepsy and seizures in people aged 20 to 64 years: cohort study using a primary care database. BMC Psychiatry, 15, 315.Google Scholar
Hoang, U, Stewart, R, Goldacre, MJ (2011). Mortality after hospital discharge for people with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: retrospective study of linked English hospital episode statistics, 1999–2006. BMJ, 343 , d5652.Google Scholar
Hong, J, Reed, C, Novick, D, et al. (2011). Clinical and economic consequences of medication non-adherence in the treatment of patients with a manic/mixed episode of bipolar disorder: results from the European Mania in Bipolar Longitudinal Evaluation of Medication (EMBLEM) study. Psychiatry Res, 190(1), 110114.Google Scholar
Kishimoto, T, Nitta, M, Borenstein, M, Kane, JM, Correll, CU (2013). Long-acting injectable versus oral antipsychotics in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of mirror-image studies. J Clin Psychiatry, 74(10), 957965.Google Scholar
Kishimoto, T, Robenzadeh, A, Leucht, C, et al. (2014). Long-acting injectable vs oral antipsychotics for relapse prevention in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Schizophr Bull, 40(1), 192213.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kishimoto, T, Hagi, K, Nitta, M, et al. (2018). Effectiveness of long-acting injectable vs oral antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of prospective and retrospective cohort studies. Schizophr Bull, 44(3), 603619.Google Scholar
Knapp, M, King, D, Pugner, K, Lapuerta, P (2004). Non-adherence to antipsychotic medication regimens: associations with resource use and costs. Br J Psychiatry, 184, 509516.Google Scholar
Leucht, S, Tardy, M, Komossa, K, et al. (2012). Antipsychotic drugs versus placebo for relapse prevention in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet, 379(9831), 20632071.Google Scholar
Leucht, S, Cipriani, A, Spineli, L, et al. (2013). Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 15 antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia: a multiple-treatments meta-analysis. Lancet, 382(9896), 951962.Google Scholar
Maguire, MJ, Weston, J, Singh, J, Marson, AG (2014). Antidepressants for people with epilepsy and depression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, (12), CD010682.Google Scholar
Maher, RL, Hanlon, J, Hajjar, ER (2014). Clinical consequences of polypharmacy in elderly. Expert Opin Drug Saf, 13(1), 5765.Google Scholar
Maxwell, S (2009). Rational prescribing: the principles of drug selection. Clin Med (Lond), 9, 481485.Google Scholar
Miura, T, Noma, H, Furukawa, TA, et al. (2014). Comparative efficacy and tolerability of pharmacological treatments in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry, 1(5), 351359.Google Scholar
Mojtabai, R, Olfson, M (2010). National trends in psychotropic medication polypharmacy in office-based psychiatry. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67, 2636.Google Scholar
Montes, JM, Medina, E, Gomez-Beneyto, M, Maurino, J (2012). A short message service (SMS)-based strategy for enhancing adherence to antipsychotic medication in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res, 200, 8995.Google Scholar
Morales, DR, Guthrie, B (2017). Off-label prescribing of antidepressants. BMJ, 356, j849.Google Scholar
National Association of State Mental Health Program Directors (NASMHPD) (2001). NASMHPD Medical Directors’ Technical Report on Psychiatric Polypharmacy. Available at: www.nasmhpd.org/sites/default/files/Polypharmacy.pdf (last accessed 2.8.19).Google Scholar
National Clinical Effectiveness Committee (2015). Standards for Clinical Practice Guidance. Department of Health, Ireland.Google Scholar
National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) (2002). Principles for Best Practice in Clinical Audit. Oxford: Radcliffe Medical Press.Google Scholar
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) (2009). Medicines adherence: involving patients in decisions about prescribed medicines and supporting adherence. Clinical guideline [CG76]. London: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence.Google Scholar
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) (2011). Service user experience in adult mental health: improving the experience of care for people using adult NHS mental health services. Clinical guideline [CG136]. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.Google Scholar
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) (2014). Psychosis and schizophrenia in adults: prevention and management. Clinical guideline [CG178]. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.Google Scholar
Novick, D, Haro, JM, Suarez, D, et al. (2010). Predictors and clinical consequences of non-adherence with antipsychotic medication in the outpatient treatment of schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res, 176, 109113.Google Scholar
Ohlsen, RI, Williamson, RJ, Yusufi, B, et al. (2008). Interrater reliability of the Antipsychotic Non-Neurological Side-Effects Rating Scale (ANNSERS). J Psychopharmacol, 22, 323329.Google Scholar
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical (2018). www.abilifymycite.com (last accessed 21.12.18).Google Scholar
Paton, C, Barnes, TRE (2014). Undertaking clinical audit, with reference to a Prescribing Observatory for Mental Health audit of lithium monitoring. Psychiatr Bull, 38, 128131.Google Scholar
Paton, C, Esop, R (2005). Patients’ perceptions of their involvement in decision making about antipsychotic drug choice as outlined in the NICE guidance on the use of atypical antipsychotics in schizophrenia. J Mental Health, 14, 305310.Google Scholar
Paton, C, Barnes, TRE, Cavanagh, M-R, Taylor, D; POMH-UK project team (2008). High-dose and combination antipsychotic prescribing in acute adult wards in the UK; the challenges posed by PRN. Br J Psychiatry, 192, 435439.Google Scholar
Paton, C, Adroer, R, Barnes, TR (2013). Monitoring lithium therapy: the impact of a quality improvement programme in the UK. Bipolar Disord, 15, 865875.Google Scholar
Paton, C, Cookson, J, Ferrier, IN, et al. (2018). UK clinical audit addressing the quality of prescribing of sodium valproate for bipolar disorder in women of childbearing age. BMJ Open, 8, e020450.Google Scholar
Paton, C, Adams, CE, Dye, S, et al. (2019). The pharmacological management of acute behavioural disturbance: data from a clinical audit conducted in UK mental health services. J Psychopharmacol, 33, 472481.Google Scholar
Peters-Strickland, T, Hatch, A, Adenwala, A, Atkinson, K, Bartfeld, B (2018). Human factors evaluation of a novel digital medicine system in psychiatry. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat, 14, 553565.Google Scholar
Petry, NM, Rash, CJ, Byrne, S, Ashraf, S, White, WB (2012). Financial reinforcers for improving medication adherence: findings from a meta-analysis. Am J Med, 125(9), 888896.Google Scholar
Pope, A, Adams, C, Paton, C, Weaver, T, Barnes, TRE (2010). Assessment of adverse effects in clinical studies of antipsychotic medication: survey of methods used. Br J Psychiatry, 197, 6772.Google Scholar
Priebe, S, Yeeles, K, Bremner, S, et al. (2013). Effectiveness of financial incentives to improve adherence to maintenance treatment with antipsychotics: cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ, 347, f5847.Google Scholar
Priebe, S, Bremner, SA, Pavlickova, H, (2016). Discontinuing financial incentives for adherence to antipsychotic depot medication: Long-term outcomes of a cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open, 6(9), e011673.Google Scholar
Royal College of Psychiatrists (2017). Use of Licensed Medicines for Unlicensed Applications in Psychiatric Practice, 2nd ed. College Report CR210. London: Royal College of Psychiatrists.Google Scholar
Samalin, L, Genty, JB, Boyer, L, et al. (2018). Shared decision-making: a systematic review focusing on mood disorders. Curr Psychiatry Rep, 20, 23.Google Scholar
Shaw, M (2004). The role of lithium clinics in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Nurs Times, 100(27), 4246.Google Scholar
Siskind, D, McCartney, L, Goldschlager, R, Kisely, S (2016). Clozapine v. first- and second-generation antipsychotics in treatment-refractory schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry, 209(5), 385392.Google Scholar
Subotnik, KL, Casaus, LR, Ventura, J, et al. (2015). Long-acting injectable risperidone for relapse prevention and control of breakthrough symptoms after a recent first episode of schizophrenia. A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 72(8), 822829.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tiihonen, J, Mittendorfer-Rutz, E, Majak, M, et al. (2017). Real-world effectiveness of antipsychotic treatments in a nationwide cohort of 29823 patients with schizophrenia. JAMA Psychiatry, 74(7), 686693.Google Scholar
Velligan, D, Mintz, J, Maples, N, et al. (2013). A randomized trial comparing in person and electronic interventions for improving adherence to oral medications in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull, 39, 9991007.Google Scholar
Vervloet, M, Linn, AJ, van Weert, JC, et al. (2012). The effectiveness of interventions using electronic reminders to improve adherence to chronic medication: a systematic review of the literature. J Am Med Inform Assoc, 19, 696704.Google Scholar
Waddell, L, Taylor, M (2008). A new self-rating scale for detecting atypical or second-generation antipsychotic adverse effects. J Psychopharmacol, 22, 238243.Google Scholar
Wells, KB, Golding, JM, Burnam, MA (1988). Psychiatric disorder in a sample of the general population with and without chronic medical conditions. Am J Psychiatry, 145(8), 976981.Google Scholar
Woltmann, EM, Wilkniss, SM, Teachout, A, McHugo, GJ, Drake, RE (2011). Trial of an electronic decision support system to facilitate shared decision making in community mental health. Psychiatr Serv, 62(1), 5460.Google Scholar
Wong, J, Motulsky, A, Abrahamowicz, M, et al. (2017). Off-label indications for antidepressants in primary care: descriptive study of prescriptions from an indication based electronic prescribing system. BMJ, 356, j603.Google Scholar
Yusufi, BZ, Mukherjee, S, Flanagan, RJ, et al. (2007). Prevalence and nature of side effects during clozapine maintenance treatment and the relationship with clozapine dose and plasma concentration. Int Clin Psychopharmacol, 22(4), 238243.Google Scholar
Zimmerman, M, Posternak, M, Friedman, M, et al. (2004). Which factors influence psychiatrists’ selection of antidepressants? Am J Psychiatry, 161(7), 12851289.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×