Chapter 1 concerns the pattern of migration in the Pacific region and US survivors’ childhood memories, both of which connected Korea, Japan, and America between the turn-of-the-century and the war’s onset. Hiroshima and Nagasaki prefectures sent a large number of immigrants to America before the war, and, at the same time, absorbed many Koreans after Japan’s annexation of Korea in 1910. By exploring the wartime separation of families and the heightened scrutiny of people of Japanese or Korean heritage on both shores of the Pacific because of their assumed national disloyalty, the chapter also reveals US survivors’ continuing attachment to their country of origin even as their affinity to their country of residence grew. As they became accustomed to the food, language, and culture of Japan, their sense of belonging became more layered than a clear-cut identity based on the equation of race, nationality, and loyalty assumed by the nations at war. By showing how soon-to-be US survivors kept their layered identity by making it visilbe or invisible in the shifting wartime society, the chapter illuminates Hiroshima and Nagasaki distinctively as cities of immigrants.