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Inflammatory mediators in overweight adolescents: association with insulin sensitivity, body composition and metabolic syndrome

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2008

R. Burrows ,
L. Leiva ,
A. M. Tong ,
J. Aldunate  and
E. Díaz
R. Burrows
Affiliation:
Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Chile
L. Leiva
Affiliation:
Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Chile
A. M. Tong
Affiliation:
Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Chile
J. Aldunate
Affiliation:
Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Chile
E. Díaz
Affiliation:
Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Chile
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Abstract

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Type
1st International Immunonutrition Workshop, Valencia, 3–5 October 2007, Valencia, Spain
Information
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society , Volume 67 , Issue OCE1: 1st International Immunonutrition Workshop, Valencia, 3–5 October 2007, Valencia, Spain , May 2008 , E29
Copyright
Copyright © The Authors 2008

The insulin-resistance (IR) metabolic syndrome (MetS) leads to high CVD risk in adult life and has been associated with an early state of chronic low–grade inflammation (CLGI). The aim of the present study was to determine the association between a state of CLGI and insulin sensitivity, body composition and MetS prevalence in overweight adolescents. The study included 158 adolescents (BMI ≥85th percentile; eighty-six men) between 13 and 16 years of age, who were assessed for BMI, body composition (% body fat mass (BFM) and % free-fat mass (FFM) by pletysmography, prevalence of MetS for three or more variables (waist circumference (WC) ≥90th percentile; HDL-cholesterol ⩽400 mg/l; TAG≥1100 mg/l; blood arterial pressure ≥90th percentile; fasting glucose ≥100 mg/d), HOMA-IR (glucose×insulin/22.5) and the state of inflammation by C-reactive protein (CRP). Pearson correlation and ψ2 were used to study associations between variables, OR to calculate risk and ANOVA and Tukey test to compare averages between groups. The median and ranges of CRP levels (mg/l) were 0.7 (range 0.04–9.1) in males and 0.7 (range 0.04–6.2) in females. CRP showed a correlation with BMI (P<0.05), WC (P<0.02), % BFM (P<0.05), % FFM (P<0.05), fasting insulin (P<0.001) and HOMA (P<0.001).

Table 1. Pearson correlation for CRP with variables of metabolic and cardiovascular risk

CRP was significantly (P<0.01) associated with an anthropometric and metabolic cardiovascular risk profile. The prevalence and the risk of abdominal obesity (WC≥90th percentile), IR (HOMA≥3.3) and MetS were significantly higher (63%, OR 3.0; 43%, OR 4.1; 26%, OR 4.1 respectively) in adolescents with CRP levels ≥1.12 mg/l (≥tertile 2).

Table 2. Anthropometric, cardiovascular and metabolic profile across the CRP tertile distribution

Mean values were significantly different from those for tertile 1–2 and>tertile 2: **P<0.05. Mean values were significantly different from those for<tertile 1: †P<0.05, ††P<0.01. Mean values were significantly different from those for tertile 1–2: ‡P<0.05, ‡‡P<0.05.

These results confirm that (1) PCR levels in overweight adolescents are associated with a greater cardiovascular and metabolic risk and (2) IR involves inflammatory processes that may play an early role in the development of cardiovascular lesions.

Figure 0

Table 1. Pearson correlation for CRP with variables of metabolic and cardiovascular risk

Figure 1

Table 2. Anthropometric, cardiovascular and metabolic profile across the CRP tertile distribution