In an effort to understand complex scattering phenomena, characteristics of optical waves such as polarization, angular spectrum, and temporal coherence have been extensively studied. In this article we will review several applications where the coherence properties of broad-band radiation offer unique sensing and diagnostic capabilities.

In this paper we develop arguments about the part of traps involved in the electronic conductivity of the 8-tris-hydroxyquinoline aluminium (Alq3) studied in the conventional electronic structure ITO/Alq3/Al. After the presentation of general models and some topical discussions about the expression of the mobility in organic materials, we present results obtained by photodipolar absorption, which is a thermo-photo-dielectric effect, and by impedance spectroscopy measurements. This last method permits to define the equivalent circuit that can be designed as a single capacitor Cp and parallel resistor Rp network with a series resistance $R_{s} \approx $ 50 $\rm \Omega $ located on the anode side; the log – log plot Rp as a function of the dc bias voltage gives a linear law that can be seen in a first time as a consequence of a Trapped Charge Limited current (TCL); this TCL law could be improved with the introduction of a field dependent mobility. Indeed, the photodipolar absorption leads to more convincing arguments because this method acts as a probe to highlight the traps: in particular, we show that the optical pumping of electrons on trap levels gives a clear increase in the dielectric absorption generated by the reorientation of dipoles associated with trapped charges; the trap depth is located around Et = 0.19 eV, which is a value in good agreement with theoretical calculations or thermoluminescence measurements.

xGeO2-(1-x)SiO2 films ($0.1\le x\le 0.4$) were deposited by flame hydrolysis deposition (FHD) on Si substrates and annealed to 1150 °C for 2 h for consolidation in air. Then the films were irradiated perpendicularly to KrF excimer laser after being hydrogen loaded to enhance the photosensitivity to UV light. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used in order to characterize the purity of the films. The film was also studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to determine the analytical details of the microstructure. Film thickness and refractive index were measured by variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE). The maximum positive 0.339% and negative 0.235% refractive index changes at 1550 nm were obtained after irradiation.

This paper examines the role of interfaces in the polymeric insulating films under the scope of their dielectric strength. PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) films of different thickness are put together forming a planar sample of a typical thickness of $200~\mu$m and subjected to AC ramp voltage, until the dielectric breakdown. The role of interface as a potential barrier for electrons was examined as well as the influence of interface number for a standard thickness. Experiments were also executed for investigating the role of the position of the first, the second and the last interface in the sample. All the experiments were executed with the same voltage rising rate, the breakdown AC voltage Vb was measured and the dielectric strength Fb was calculated. It was shown that interfaces act as deep trapping centers for electrons giving rise to the sample dielectric strength for sort time experiments. Moreover the thinner the first film, the higher the dielectric strength for the sample. It was also found that the position of the second interface does not play an important role in the process.

The effect of disorder caused by MeV heavy ion irradiation on the tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) of magnetic tunnel junctions is investigated. Two types of tunnel junctions, viz. Co/Al2O3/Ni80Fe20 and Co/Gd-doped Al2O3/Ni80Fe20 are studied. Upon 70 MeV Si ion irradiation at a fluence of $5\times10^{11}$ ions/cm2, the undoped junctions show relatively small but irreversible change, while the Gd-doped junctions show a huge reduction, in TMR. In both cases junctions were completely destroyed by 200 MeV Ag ion irradiation at a fluence of $1 \times 10^{11}$ ions/cm2. The results are attributed to the modification of the barrier and the neighboring interfaces caused by the high energy density deposited by incident ions.

Fresnel lens has a long history in optics. This concept at non-optical wavelengths is also applicable. In this paper we report design and fabrication of a half and quarter wave dielectric Fresnel lens made of Plexiglas, and a Fresnel reflector at 11.1 GHz frequency. We made two lenses and one reflector at same frequency and compare their gain and radiation pattern to simulated results. Some methods for better focusing action will be introduced.

This paper presents a method for detecting faults in the induction machine using a flux sensor which measures the external radial leakage magnetic field of the machine. The procedure uses the spectral lines that correspond to the slotting effect which causes harmonics in the machine air gap. These harmonic frequencies, which are about a few kHz occur in a part of the spectra which is not very dense compared to the one that corresponds to the low frequencies due to the supply or the rotor revolution speed. The considered components can also be detected in the radial magnetic field flowing out of the machine. It can be shown that specific faults lead to additional spectral lines which appear clearly near the original ones due to the slotting effect. Two faults, which can be detected with the same magnetic flux sensor, are presented in this paper: the first one corresponds to a broken rotor bar, the second one is a stator inter turn short circuit.

We present the new advances in ultra-stable microwave oscillators recently obtained at the department LPMO of the Institut FEMTO-ST Besançon. These microwave references are based on Sapphire Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators presenting high-Q factor. Different technologies have been developed with these resonators to fulfill the new requirements in term of phase noise or frequency stability for diverse scientific and technical applications.

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the major articular ligamentous structure of the knee, it functions as a joint stabilizer. When ruptured, the natural ACL ligament can be replaced by a textile synthetic ligament such as a braid, knitted cord, or woven cord. Theses structures are composed of biocompatible materials such as polyester or Gore-Tex filaments. The success of an ACL replacement is widely linked to its mechanical and dimensional properties such as tensile strength, dimensional stability and resistance to abrasion. We introduced an additional treatment in the manufacturing of textile ACL ligaments based on the thermofixation of the textile structure by using textile industry stabilization techniques. Boiling water, saturated vapor and dry heat have been tested to stabilize a braided ligament made of Dacron polyester. The application of these three techniques led to shrinkage and an increase of breaking strength of the textile structure.