Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-vpsfw Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-16T15:01:31.344Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Managing Musical Diversity Within Frameworks of Western Development AID: Views from Ukraine, Georgia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 March 2019

Extract

Researchers have increasingly begun to critically assess local engagements with globalizing notions of civil society that have been introduced via Western-based supranational political, economic, financial, and cultural programmes (Fischer 1997; Okongwu and Mencher 2000; Yúdice 2003). Following the notion of thinking globally and acting locally, such programmes are usually set up by transnational structures such as the World Bank, UNESCO, the European Union, or global foundations such as the Open Society Institute, and put into practice by local actors, among them non-governmental organizations. This article positions music within intra-national discourses that work hand-in-hand with the political and cultural economics of Western cultural initiatives and aim to promote an understanding of pluralism in countries throughout Eastern and South Eastern Europe. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted by Nino Tsitsishvili, Erica Haskell, and myself in Georgia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Ukraine, respectively, this study juxtaposes the perspectives of policy makers and grant givers in Western Europe and the United States with the views of people in post-socialist conflict zones for whom such initiatives are intended. It analyses the political and cultural implications of UNESCO's declaration of Georgian polyphony as a masterpiece of intangible cultural heritage of humanity, the local effects of internationally sponsored music projects in post-war Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the role of national minority music festivals sponsored by Western philanthropic organizations in nation-building processes in Ukraine.

Abstract in ukrainian (helbig)

Abstract in Ukrainian (Helbig)

Abstract in georgian (tsitsishvili)

Abstract in Georgian (Tsitsishvili)

Abstract in bosnian (haskell)

Abstract in Bosnian (Haskell)

Istraživači sve više počinju kritički posmatrati lokalno angažiranje u globalnom poimanju civilnog društva, koje je uvedeno preko nevladinih organizacija finansiranih od strane Zapada, UNESCO-a, Evropské unije i različitih međudržavnih programa. U ovom članku muzika je stavljena unutar transnacionalnih, nadnacionalnih i nacionalnih diskursa koji djeluju zajedno s političkom i kulturnom ekonomikom zapadnih inicijativa iz oblasti kulture, a cilj im je promocija razumijevanja i pluralizma u zemljama Istočne i Jugoistočne Evrope i bivšeg Sovjetskog Saveza. Koristeći se terenskim etnografskim istraživanjem Nino Tsitsishvili u Gruziji, Erice Haskell u Bosni i Hercegovini i Adriane Helbig u Ukrajini, ova studija suprostavlja percepcije kreatora politike i davalaca nepovratnih finansijskih sredstava iz Zapadne Evrope i Sjedinjenih Američkih Država s percepcijama stanovišta s područja postsocijalističkih etničkih sukoba, kojemu su pomenute inicijative namijenjene. Štaviše, ona s teoretskog stanovišta posmatra tenzije, jazove i zajednička djelovanja zapadnih i promjenjivih domačih paradigmi razvoja kulture.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © 2008 By The International Council for Traditional Music

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

1

Special thanks to Erica Haskell (PhD candidate in ethnomusicology, Department of Music, Brown University, USA) and Nino Tsitsishvili (honorary research fellow, School of Music Conservatorium, Faculty of Arts, Monash University, Australia) for allowing me to present the ideas put forth in our panel “In Culture's Name: Western Development Aid, Identity Politics, and Post-Socialist Ethnomusicologies” at the 39th World Conference of the International Council for Traditional Music in Vienna, 4-11 July 2007. I am grateful to them for our shared dialogue and for their insightful comments, suggestions, and bibliographic references, particularly as regards their research in Georgia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

References

References Cited

Ahmedaja, Ardian 2007Nation Versus Region: Albanians in Ethnomusicology, Ethnomusicologies in Albania.” Paper presented at the International Symposium “National Ethnomusicologies: European Perspective,” Cardiff University, UK, 27-29 April.Google Scholar
Anonymous 2007French Policemen Beat Members of Ukrainian Choir.” Unian News Agency (11 December). http://unian.net/eng/news/news-225953.html (accessed 26 December 2007). Bhabha, Homi 1990 “The Third Space: Interview with Homi K. Bhabha.” In Identity: Community, Culture, Difference, ed. Jonathan Rutherford, 207–21. London: Lawrence and Wishart.Google Scholar
Butler, Judith, and Spivak, Gayatri 2007 Who Sings the Nation-State? Language, Politics, Belonging. Calcutta: Seagull Books.Google Scholar
Carlton, David, Ingram, Paul, and Tenaglia, Giancarlo 1996 Rising Tension in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union. Aldershot: Dartmouth Publishing Company Limited.Google Scholar
Carothers, Thomas 2004 Critical Mission: Essays on Democracy Promotion. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Google Scholar
Ceribašić, Naila 2007Musical Faces of Croatian Multiculturality.” Yearbook for Traditional Music 39: 126.Google Scholar
Chandler, David 2000 Bosnia: Faking Democracy After Dayton. 2nd edition. London: Pluto Press.Google Scholar
Cole, Kimberly 2007Hyper-Bosnia: International Privilege, State-Building, and Differentiation.” In Democratic Designs: International Intervention and Electoral Practices in Postwar Bosnia-Herzegovina, ed. K. Cole, 6384. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cowan, Judith, Dembour, Marie-Bénédicte, and Wilson, Richard A. 2001Introduction.” In Culture and Rights: Anthropological Perspectives, ed. Judith Cowan, Marie-Bénédicte Dembour, and Richard A. Wilson, 126. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erlanger, Steven 2002 “The World; Europe's Identity Crisis.” The New York Times (5 May). http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D03E6D81E31F936A35756C0A9 649C8B63 (accessed 20 May 2008).Google Scholar
Fischer, William 1997Doing Good? The Politics and Anti-Politics of NGO Practices.” Annual Review of Anthropology 25: 439–64.Google Scholar
Habermas, Jürgen 1984 Theory of Communicative Action, Vol. 1: Reason and the Rationalization of Society. Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Haskell, Erica 2007International Cultural Diplomacy as Cultural Policy in Sarajevo.” Paper presented at the 39th World Conference of the International Council for Traditional Music, Vienna, 4-11 July.Google Scholar
Helbig, Adriana 2007Internationally-Sponsored National Minority Festivals: A Return to Soviet-Style Multiculturalism in Ukraine?” Paper presented at the 39th World Conference of the International Council for Traditional Music, Vienna, 4-11 July.Google Scholar
International Renaissance Foundation 2006Annual Report.” http://www.irf.kiev.ua/en/projects/re (accessed 20 December 2007).Google Scholar
Keitner, Chimène 2004 UNESCO and the Issue of Cultural Diversity: Review and Strategy, 1946-2004 (Revised Version). Paris: UNESCO, Division of Cultural Policies and Intercultural Dialogue.Google Scholar
Knaus, Gerald, and Martin, Felix 2003Lessons from Bosnia and Herzegovina: Travails of the European Raj.” Journal of Democracy 14/3 (July): 6074.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laušević, Mirjana 1996The Ilahiya as a Symbol of Bosnian Muslim National Identity.” In Retuning Culture: Musical Changes in Central and Eastern Europe, ed. Mark Slobin, 117–35. Durham: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Linklater, Andrew 1998 The Transformation of Political Community. Columbia: University of South Carolina.Google Scholar
Mijatović, Branislava 2004 Music and Politics in Serbia (1989-2000). PhD dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Nodia, Ghia 1997-98 “Causes and Visions of Conflict in Abkhazia.” In Berkeley Program in Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies: Working Paper Series. Berkeley: University of California. http://bps.berkeley.edu/publications/1997_02-nodi.pdf (accessed 20 May 2008).Google Scholar
2002 Ed. Ethnic-Confessional Groups and Problems of Civic Integration in Georgia: Azeri, Javakheti Armenian and Muslim Meskhetian Communities. Tbilisi: Caucasus Institute for Peace, Democracy and Development.Google Scholar
Okongwu, Anne Francis, and Mencher, Joan P. 2000The Anthropology of Public Policy: Shifting Terrains.” Annual Review of Anthropology 29: 107–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pettan, Svanibor 1996Making the Refugee Experience Different: ‘Azra’ and the Bosnians in Norway.” In War, Exile, Everyday Life: Cultural Perspectives, ed. Maja Povrzanović and Renata Jambrešić-Kirin, 245–55. Zagreb: Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Research.Google Scholar
1998 Ed. Music, Politics, and War: Views from Croatia. Zagreb: Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Research.Google Scholar
Stolcke, Verena 1995Talking Culture: New Boundaries, New Rhetorics of Exclusion in Europe.” Current Anthropology 36: 1 -24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sushko, Oleksandr, and Prystayko, Olena 2006Western Influence.” In Revolution in Orange: The Origins of Ukraine's Democratic Breakthrough, ed. Anders Åslund and Michael McFaul, 125–44. Washington DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Google Scholar
Tsitsishvili, Nino 2007aGeorgian Polyphony in the New Millennium: Preservation of Tradition and Directions in Ethnomusicology.” Paper presented at the 39th World Conference of the International Council for Traditional Music, Vienna, 4-11 July.Google Scholar
2007bSocial and Political Constructions of Nation-Making in Relation to the Musical Styles and Discourses of Georgian Duduki Ensembles.” Journal of Musicological Research 26/2-3: 140.Google Scholar
UNESCO 2001Proclamation of Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.” http://www.unesco.org/bpi/intangible_heritage/ (accessed 26 December 2007).Google Scholar
2005Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions.” http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=31038&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html (accessed 21 December 2007).Google Scholar
[2007] “Georgia—Information Related to Intangible Cultural Heritage.” http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?cp=GE (accessed 21 December 2007).Google Scholar
Vidić Rasmussen, Ljerka 1996Southern Wind of Change: Style and the Politics of Identity in Prewar Yugoslavia.” In Retuning Culture: Musical Changes in Central and Eastern Europe, ed. Mark Slobin, 99116. Durham: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Yúdice, George 2003 Expediency of Culture: Uses of Culture in the Global Era. Durham: Duke University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar