Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-2xdlg Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-21T23:40:30.712Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Vernalization Requirements for Flowering of Jointed Goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

William W. Donald
William W. Donald*
Affiliation:
Agric. Res. Serv., U.S. Dep. Agric., Metabolism and Radiation Res. Lab., Fargo, ND 58105
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica Host. ♯3 AEGCY) has a quantitative requirement for vernalization in order to flower. In greenhouse and field studies, increasing periods of vernalization progressively reduced the number of days needed for plants to mature following transfer from the cold treatment to favorable growing conditions. Plants that had been vernalized at 3 ± 2 C for 8 weeks as imbibed seed took 120 days to flower following transfer to the greenhouse. Unvernalized controls flowered 197 to 222 days after planting in the greenhouse. Lengthening periods of vernalization from 2 to 8 weeks increased the number of seedheads per plant and dry weight per seedhead. Vernalized plants partitioned more dry matter into seedheads than unvernalized controls. The ratio of seedhead dry weight to vegetative shoot dry weight increased with duration of vernalization, even though vernalization did not alter total shoot dry-matter production. In field studies, plants that were established in the fall flowered sooner and more synchronously after resumption of growth in the spring than those that were planted in the spring and flowered in the summer. Plants seeded after May failed to flower in the same summer.

Keywords

Anthesisgrass weedtemperatureAEGCY
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 32 , Issue 5 , September 1984 , pp. 631 - 637
Copyright
Copyright © 1984 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Aitken, Y. 1975. Flowering Time, Climate, and Growth. Melbourne Univ. Press, Melbourne, Australia. 193 pp.Google Scholar
2. Baskin, J. M. and Baskin, C. C. 1974. Effect of vernalization on flowering of the winter annual Alyssum alyssoides . Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 101:210–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3. Bernier, G., Kinet, J. M., and Sachs, R. M. 1980. The Physiology of Flowering, Vol. 1. Initiation of Flowers. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 176 pp.Google Scholar
4. Caso, O. H. and Kefford, N. P. 1968. The bolting and flowering of Chondrilla juncea L. as influenced by temperature and photoperiod. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 21:883–894.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Chouard, P. 1960. Vernalization and its relations to dormancy. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 11:191–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6. Cuthbertson, E. G. 1965. Vernalization and flowering in skeleton weed (Chondrilla juncea). Aust. J. Exp. Agric. Anim. Husb. 5:329–332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7. Donald, W. W. 1979. Greenhouse screening trials of herbicide efficacy on jointed goatgrass and ‘Centurk’ winter wheat. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Res. Progr. Rep. Pages 312–317.Google Scholar
8. Donald, W. W. 1980. Jointed goatgrass – a new problem in Colorado wheat. Proc. West. Soc. Weed Sci. 33:77–83.Google Scholar
9. Donald, W. W. 1981. Experimental chemical fallow herbicides for jointed goatgrass control at Ovid, Colorado. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Res. Progr. Rep. Pages 266–267.Google Scholar
10. Donald, W. W. 1981. Experimental chemical fallow herbicides for jointed goatgrass control at Limon, Colorado. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Res. Progr. Rep. Pages 268–269.Google Scholar
11. Donald, W. W. 1981. Registered chemical fallow herbicides for jointed goatgrass control in Colorado. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Res. Progr. Rep. Page 270.Google Scholar
12. Evans, L. T., ed. 1969. The Induction of Flowering: Some Case Histories. Cornell Univ. Press, New York. 488 pp.Google Scholar
13. Fenster, C. R. and Wicks, G. A. 1976. Jointed goatgrass. Nebraska Coop. Ext. Serv. Bull. G – 75–210. 2 pp.Google Scholar
14. Finnerty, D. W. and Klingman, D. L. 1962. Life cycles and control studies of some weed bromegrasses. Weeds 10:40–47.Google Scholar
15. Grant, M. N. 1964. Vernalization and days to anthesis of winter wheat under controlled temperature and light. Can. J. Plant Sci. 44:446–450.Google Scholar
16. Heichel, G. H., Hovin, A. W., and Henjum, K. I. 1980. Seedling age and cold treatment effects on induction of panicle production in reed canarygrass. Crop Sci. 20:683–687.Google Scholar
17. Kleinbaum, D. G. and Kupper, L. L. 1978. Applied Regression Analysis and Other Multivariate Methods. Duxbury Press, North Scituate, MA. 556 pp.Google Scholar
18. Kushnir, U. and Halloran, G. M. 1982. Variation in vernalization and photoperiod response in tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum dicoccoides) ecotypes. J. Appl. Ecol. 19:545–554.Google Scholar
19. Landsberg, J. J. 1974. Apple fruit bud development and growth: analysis and empirical model. Ann. Bot. 38:1013–1023.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20. Landsberg, J. J. 1977. Effects of weather on plant development. Pages 289–307 in Landsberg, J. J. and Cutting, C. V., eds. Environmental Effects on Crop Physiology. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
21. Lieth, H. and Radford, J. S. 1971. Phenology, resource management, and synagraphic computer mapping. Bioscience 21:62–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22. Lyndon, R. F. 1977. Interacting processes in vegetative development and in the transition to flowering at the shoot apex. Pages 221–250 in Jennings, D. H., ed. Integration of Activity in the Higher Plant. Soc. Exp. Biol. Symp. 31. Cambridge Univ. Press, New York.Google Scholar
23. Maan, S. S. 1976. Cytoplasmic homology between Aegilops squarrosa L. and A. cylindrica Host. Crop Sci. 16:757–761.Google Scholar
24. McIntrye, G. I. and Best, K. F. 1975. Studies on the flowering of Thlaspi arvense L. II. A comparative study of early- and late-flowering strains. Bot. Gaz. 136:151–158.Google Scholar
25. Medd, R. W. and Lovett, J. V. 1978. Biological studies of Carduus nutans (L.) ssp. nutans. II. Vernalization and phenological development. Weed Res. 18:369–372.Google Scholar
26. Nuttonson, M. Y. 1955. Wheat-climate Relationships and the Use of Phenology in Ascertaining the Thermal and Photo-thermal Requirements of Wheat. Amer. Inst. Crop Ecol., Washington, DC. 388 pp.Google Scholar
27. Paterson, J. G., Boyd, W. J. R., and Goodchild, N. A. 1976. Vernalization and photoperiod requirement of naturalized Avena fatua and Avena barbata Pott. ex Link. in western Australia. J. Appl. Ecol. 13:265–272.Google Scholar
28. Peterson, M. L., Cooper, J. P., and Bendixen, L. E. 1961. Thermal and photoperiodic induction of flowering in darnel (Lolium temulentum). Crop. Sci. 1:17–20.Google Scholar
29. Pirasteh, B. and Welsh, J. R. 1980. Effect of temperature on the heading date of wheat cultivars under a lengthening photoperiod. Crop Sci. 20:453–455.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30. Prince, S. D., Marks, M. K., and Carter, R. N. 1978. Induction of flowering in wild lettuce (Lactuca serriola L.). New Phytol. 81:265–277.Google Scholar
31. Purvis, O. N. and Gregory, F. G. 1937. Studies in vernalization of cereals. 1. A comparative study of vernalization of winter rye by low temperature and by short days. Ann. Bot. 1:569–591.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32. Silsbury, J. H. 1964. The effect of vernalization on the heading of Wimmera ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) and on five cultivars of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Aust. J. Exp. Agric. Anim. Husb. 4:352–356.Google Scholar
33. Simmonds, N. W., ed. 1974. Pages 120–128 in Evolution of Crop Plants. Longman, New York.Google Scholar
34. Sokal, R. R. and Rohlf, F. J. 1969. Biometry, The Principles and Practice of Statistics in Biological Research. W. H. Freeman, San Francisco, CA. 859 pp.Google Scholar
35. Vince Prue, D. 1975. Pages 262–291 in Photoperiodism in Plants. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York.Google Scholar