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Target-Site Resistance to Nicosulfuron in Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) from Chilean Corn Fields

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

María J. Hernández ,
Rocío León ,
Albert J. Fischer ,
Marlene Gebauer ,
Rafael Galdames  and
Rodrigo Figueroa
María J. Hernández*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Ciencias Vegetales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile
Rocío León
Affiliation:
Departamento de Ciencias Vegetales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile
Albert J. Fischer
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616
Marlene Gebauer
Affiliation:
Departamento de Ciencias Vegetales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile
Rafael Galdames
Affiliation:
INIA Carillanca, Km 10 Camino Cajón, Vilcún, Temuco, Chile
Rodrigo Figueroa
Affiliation:
Departamento de Ciencias Vegetales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: mjhernan@uc.cl
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Abstract

Johnsongrass is a common weed of corn in Chile, which is most often controlled by nicosulfuron, an acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS)-inhibiting herbicide. Recurrent nicosulfuron use has resulted in selection for resistant johnsongrass biotypes. We conducted studies to determine nicosulfuron resistance levels in two johnsongrass biotypes from Chile and to investigate if this resistance was target-site mediated. Whole-plant resistance to nicosulfuron was 33 and 46 times higher in resistant (R) than in susceptible (S) plants grown from seed and rhizomes, respectively. The nicosulfuron concentrations for 50% inhibition of AHAS enzyme activity in vitro were more than 11 times higher in R than in S plants. Sequencing analysis of the AHAS coding sequence revealed a Trp-574-Leu substitution in both R biotypes. This study shows that resistance to nicosulfuron in the two R biotypes is conferred by an altered target site. We also report the first consensus sequence of the johnsongrass AHAS gene corresponding to the known mutation sites conferring resistance to AHAS-inhibiting herbicides.

Keywords

Nicosulfuronjohnsongrass, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.corn, Zea mays L.Acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS)acetolactate synthase (ALS)AHAS-inhibiting herbicidespolyploidy
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 63 , Issue 3 , September 2015 , pp. 631 - 640
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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