Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-zzh7m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T18:35:18.604Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Response of three annual weeds to corn population density and nitrogen fertilization timing

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Matthew M. Harbur  and
Micheal D. K. Owen
Micheal D. K. Owen
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, 2104 Agronomy Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The limited understanding of soil nitrogen (N) effects on crop yield loss to weeds prevents the refinement of integrated weed management to consider soil fertility. A 3-yr field experiment compared ammonium nitrate applications before corn emergence (PRE N) or in late June (POST N) on the growth of giant foxtail, velvetleaf, common waterhemp, and grain corn. The N responses were studied in corn population densities of 5.4 and 7.9 plants m−2 to understand how crop density might influence N effects on yield loss. In late June of each year, leaf areas were 25% (corn), 64% (velvetleaf), and 41% (giant foxtail) lower with POST N than with PRE N. Common waterhemp leaf area in late June was unaffected by N timing. Corn population density did not affect weed shoot dry weights evaluated in late June. Corn and velvetleaf heights in late July were up to 19 and 48% lower, respectively, with POST N compared with PRE N. Common waterhemp and giant foxtail heights in late July were unaffected by N timing. Corn yield was decreased 13 to 18% by giant foxtail with POST N compared with PRE N. Velvetleaf seed yield was lower, but giant foxtail seed yield was higher, with POST N than with PRE N. Velvetleaf and giant foxtail seed yields were 23 to 56% and 30 to 62% lower, respectively, with the high corn population density compared with the low population density. In competition between corn and common waterhemp, neither N timing nor corn population affected corn yield loss or common waterhemp seed production. N management may alter weed competitiveness and weed seed production in corn, but fertilization recommendations may vary with the weed species that are present.

Keywords

Common waterhemp, Amaranthus rudis L. Sauer AMATAgiant foxtail, Setaria faberi L. Herrm. SETFAvelvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti L. Medicus ABUTHcorn, Zea mays L. ‘Pioneer 33V08’ ZEAMDNitrogenfertilization timingcornpopulation densityleaf areacompetitionweed seed production
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 52 , Issue 5 , October 2004 , pp. 845 - 853
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Aldrich, R. J. and Kremer, R. J. 1997. Principles in Weed Management. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press. Pp. 331–359.Google Scholar
Alkamper, J. 1976. Influence of weed infestation on effect of fertilizer dressings. Pflanzenschutz-Nach 29:191–235.Google Scholar
Anderson, R. L., Tanaka, D. L., Black, A. L., and Schweizer, E. E. 1998. Weed community and species response to crop rotation, tillage, and nitrogen fertility. Weed Technol 12:531–536.Google Scholar
Barber, S. A. 1995. Soil Nutrient Bioavailability: A Mechanistic Approach. New York: J Wiley. Pp. 170–201.Google Scholar
Bello, I. A., Owen, M. D. K., and Hatterman-Valenti, H. M. 1995. Effect of shade on velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) growth, seed production, and dormancy. Weed Technol 9:452–455.Google Scholar
Berkowitz, A. R. 1988. Competition for resources in weed-crop mixtures. Pages 89–119 in Altieri, M. A. and Liebman, M. eds. Weed Management in Agroecosystems: Ecological Approaches. Boca Raton, FL: CRC.Google Scholar
Blackmer, A. M., Morris, T. F., Meese, B. G., and Mallarino, A. P. 1995. Soil Testing to Optimize Nitrogen Management in Corn Pm-1521. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Extension. 4 p.Google Scholar
Blackshaw, R. E. 1993. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) density and row spacing effects on competition with green foxtail (Setaria viridis). Weed Sci 41:403–408.Google Scholar
Buhler, D. D. 1999. Expanding the context of weed management. J. Crop Prod 2:1–7.Google Scholar
Carlson, H. L. and Hill, J. E. 1986. Wild oat (Avena fatua) competition with spring wheat: effects of nitrogen fertilization. Weed Sci 34:29–33.Google Scholar
Challaiah, O. C Burnside, Wicks, G. A., and Johnson, V. A. 1986. Competition between winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and downy brome (Bromus tectorum). Weed Sci 34:689–693.Google Scholar
DiTomaso, J. M. 1995. Approaches for improving crop competitiveness through the manipulation of fertilization strategies. Weed Sci 43:491–497.Google Scholar
Evans, S. P., Knezevic, S. Z., Lindquist, J. L., Shapiro, C. A., and Blankenship, E. E. 2003. Nitrogen application influences the critical period for weed control in corn. Weed Sci 51:408–417.Google Scholar
Fenner, M. 1983. Relationships between seed weight, ash content and seedling growth in twenty-four species of compositae. New Phytol 95:697–706.Google Scholar
Forcella, F. 1987. Tolerance of weed competition associated with high leaf area expansion rate in tall fescue. Crop Sci 27:146–147.Google Scholar
Forcella, F., Westgate, M. E., and Warnes, D. D. 1992. Effect of row width on herbicide and cultivation requirements in row crops. Am. J. Altern. Agric 7:161–167.Google Scholar
Garrity, D. P., Movillon, M., and Moody, K. 1992. Differential weed suppression ability in upland rice cultivars. Agron. J 84:586–591.Google Scholar
Hartzler, R. G., Buhler, D. D., and Stoltenberg, D. E. 1999. Emergence characteristics of four annual weed species. Weed Sci 47:578–584.Google Scholar
Keller, G. D. and Mengel, D. B. 1986. Ammonia volatilization from nitrogen fertilizers surface applied to no-till corn. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J 50:1060–1063.Google Scholar
Kirkland, K. J. and Beckie, H. J. 1998. Contribution of nitrogen fertilizer placement to weed management in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum). Weed Technol 12:507–514.Google Scholar
Knake, E. L. and Slife, F. W. 1962. Competition of Setaria faberii with corn and soybeans. Weed Sci 10:26–29.Google Scholar
Knezevic, S. Z., Weise, S. F., and Swanton, C. J. 1994. Interference of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retrofluxus) in corn (Zea mays). Weed Sci 42:568–573.Google Scholar
Lanning, S. P., Talbert, L. E., Martin, J. M., Blake, T. K., and Bruckner, P. L. 1997. Genotype of wheat and barley affects light penetration and wild oat growth. Agron. J 89:100–103.Google Scholar
Liebman, M. and Davis, A. S. 2000. Integration of soil, crop and weed management in low-external-input farming systems. Weed Res 40:27–47.Google Scholar
Lindquist, J. 2001. Light-saturated CO2 assimilation rates of corn and velvetleaf in response to leaf nitrogen and development stage. Weed Sci 49:706–710.Google Scholar
Lindquist, J. L., Mortensen, D. A., Clay, S. S., Schmenk, R., Kells, J. J., Howatt, K., and Westra, P. 1996. Stability of corn (Zea mays)-velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) interference relationships. Weed Sci 44:309–313.Google Scholar
Magdoff, F. 1991. Understanding the Magdoff pre-sidedress nitrate test for corn. J. Prod. Agric 4:297–305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchell, R. J. 1993. Path analysis: pollination. Pages 217–234 in Scheiner, S. M. and Gurevitch, J. eds. Design and Analysis of Ecological Experiments. New York: Chapman and Hall.Google Scholar
Mohler, C. L. 1996. Ecological bases for the cultural control of annual weeds. J. Prod. Agric 9:468–474.Google Scholar
Mulvaney, R. L. 1996. Nitrogen—inorganic forms. Pages 1123–1184 in Sparks, D. L. ed. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3, Chemical Methods. Madison, WI: Soil Science Society of America.Google Scholar
O'Donovan, J. T., McAndrew, D. W., and Thomas, A. G. 1997. Tillage and nitrogen influence weed population dynamics in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Weed Technol 11:502–509.Google Scholar
Peterson, D. E. and Nalewaja, J. D. 1992. Environment influences green foxtail (Setaria viridis) competition with wheat (Triticum aestivum). Weed Technol 6:607–610.Google Scholar
Ritchie, S. W., Hanway, J. J., and Benson, G. O. 1997. How a Corn Plant Develops SR-48. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Cooperative Extension Service. 21 p.Google Scholar
Salas, M. L., Hickman, M. V., Huber, D. M., and Schreiber, M. M. 1997. Influence of nitrate and ammonium nutrition on the growth of giant foxtail (Setaria faberi). Weed Sci 45:664–669.Google Scholar
[SAS] Statistical Analysis Systems. 2001. The SAS System for Windows. Version 8.02. Cary, NC: Statistical Analysis Systems Institute.Google Scholar
Scharf, P. C., Wiebold, W. J., and Lory, J. A. 2002. Corn yield response to nitrogen fertilizer timing and deficiency level. Agron. J 94:435–441.Google Scholar
Shipley, B. and Keddy, P. A. 1988. The relationship between relative growth rate and sensitivity to nutrient stress in twenty-eight species of emergent macrophytes. J. Ecol 76:1101–1110.Google Scholar
Shrefler, J. W., Dusky, J. A., Shilling, D. G., Brecke, B. J., and Sanchez, C. A. 1994. Effects of phosphorus fertility on competition between lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and spiny amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus). Weed Sci 42:556–560.Google Scholar
Sparks, D. L. 1996. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3, Chemical Methods. Madison, WI: Soil Science Society of America. Pp. 1087–1089.Google Scholar
Swanton, C. J., Shrestha, A., Roy, R. C., Ball-Coelho, B. R., and Knezevic, S. Z. 1999. Effect of tillage systems, N, and cover crop on the composition of weed flora. Weed Sci 47:454–461.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teyker, R. H., Hoelzer, H. D., and Liebl, R. A. 1991. Maize and pigweed response to nitrogen supply and form. Plant Soil 135:287–292.Google Scholar
Thornley, J. H. M. 1972. A balanced quantitative model for root:shoot ratios in vegetative plants. Ann. Bot 36:431–441.Google Scholar
Troeh, F. R. and Thompson, L. M. 1993. Soils and Soil Fertility. New York: Oxford University Press. Pp. 193–213.Google Scholar
Vengris, J., Colby, W. G., and Drake, M. 1955. Plant nutrient competition between weeds and corn. Agron. J 47:213–216.Google Scholar
Walker, G. K., Blackshaw, R. E., and Dekker, J. 1988. Leaf area and competition for light between plant species using direct sunlight transmission. Weed Technol 2:159–165.Google Scholar
Westoby, M., Leishman, M., and Lord, J. 1996. Comparative ecology of seed size and dispersal. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 351:1309–1318.Google Scholar
Wyse, D. L. 1992. Future of weed science research. Weed Technol 6:162–165.Google Scholar