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The Response of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Water Relations to Smooth Pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus) Competition

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Bryan L. Stuart ,
Steven K. Harrison ,
John R. Abernathy ,
Daniel R. Krieg  and
Charles W. Wendt
Bryan L. Stuart
Affiliation:
Texas Agric. Exp. Stn. and Texas Tech. Univ., Dep. Plant and Soil Sci.
Steven K. Harrison
Affiliation:
Texas Agric. Exp. Stn. and Texas Tech. Univ., Dep. Plant and Soil Sci.
John R. Abernathy
Affiliation:
Weed Sci., Texas Agric. Exp. Stn.
Daniel R. Krieg
Affiliation:
Crop Physiol., Dep. Plant and Soil Sci., Texas Tech. Univ. and Texas Agric. Exp. Stn.
Charles W. Wendt
Affiliation:
Soil Physics, Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Lubbock, TX 79401
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Abstract

Field tests in 1980 and 1981 indicated that smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus L.) competition affected cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. ‘GSA 71′) water relations by reducing plant water status early in the season and by shading late in the season. Early in the growing season, cotton leaf water potential and turgor pressure reductions as great as 0.53 and 0.21 MPa, respectively, were measured at a smooth pigweed density of 2.5 plants m-2. Late in the 1981 growing season, smooth pigweed reduced the photon flux density reaching the cotton canopy by 90% at midday. The shaded conditions resulted in increased cotton water potential under low soil water conditions, but the inability to reduce solute potential lowered the turgor pressure of cotton, irrespective of soil water level. Comparisons of smooth pigweed and cotton water relations indicated that smooth pigweed had the capacity to maintain higher water potential and turgor pressure than cotton. The more favorable water status of smooth pigweed resulted in part from increased water extraction at lower depths in the soil profile and higher diffusive resistance, thereby reducing transpirational water loss.

Keywords

Water potentialsolute potentialturgor pressuretranspirationdiffusive resistance
Type
Physiology, Chemistry, and Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 32 , Issue 1 , January 1984 , pp. 126 - 132
Copyright
Copyright © 1984 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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