Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-8kt4b Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-27T10:30:15.208Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Relative Importance of Shoot and Root Competition in Dry-Seeded Rice Growing with Junglerice (Echinochloa colona) and Ludwigia (Ludwigia hyssopifolia)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Bhagirath S. Chauhan  and
David E. Johnson
Bhagirath S. Chauhan*
Affiliation:
Crop and Environmental Sciences Division, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
David E. Johnson
Affiliation:
Crop and Environmental Sciences Division, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: b.chauhan@cgiar.org
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Two separate studies were conducted to determine the relative importance of root and shoot competition in dry direct-seeded rice growing with junglerice and ludwigia. By growing rice in pots placed within larger pots such that the roots of the plants were either separated from or free to mingle with those of neighboring weeds, or by growing rice in the same pots but in the absence of weeds, the relative importance of shoot and root competition can be described. When rice was grown together with either weed species, shoot competition reduced the growth and yield of rice more than root competition. Results suggest that shoot competition for light may be the primary mechanism determining competitive outcomes between dry direct-seeded rice and junglerice or ludwigia. Junglerice was more competitive than ludwigia, which may reflect the C4 metabolism efficiency of junglerice compared to the C3 metabolism of ludwigia. Rice grain yield was highly correlated with above- and belowground biomass. The results also suggest the importance of measuring the whole plant when seeking to understand differences in the competitive ability of dry direct-seeded rice.

Keywords

Junglerice, Echinochloa colona (L.) Linkludwigia, Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exellrice, Oryza sativa LDry direct-seeded riceroot competitionshoot competitiondry weightgrain yield
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 58 , Issue 3 , September 2010 , pp. 295 - 299
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Ampong-Nyarko, K. and De Datta, S. K. 1993. Effects of light and nitrogen and their interaction on the dynamics of rice:weed competition. Weed Res. 33:1–8.10.1111/j.1365-3180.1993.tb01911.xGoogle Scholar
Bandeen, J. D. and Buchholtz, K. P. 1967. Competitive effects of quackgrass upon corn as modified by fertilization. Weeds. 15:220–224.10.2307/4041208Google Scholar
Chauhan, B. S. and Johnson, D. E. 2009a. Seed germination ecology of junglerice (Echinochloa colona): a major weed of rice. Weed Sci. 57:235–240.10.1614/WS-08-141.1Google Scholar
Chauhan, B. S. and Johnson, D. E. 2009b. Ludwigia hyssopifolia emergence and growth as affected by light, burial depth and water management. Crop Prot. 28:887–890.10.1016/j.cropro.2009.05.005Google Scholar
Fenner, M. 1980. The inhibition of germination of Bidens pilosa seeds by leaf canopy shade in some natural vegetation types. New Phytol. 84:95–101.10.1111/j.1469-8137.1980.tb00751.xGoogle Scholar
Gibson, K. D., Fischer, A. J., and Foin, T. C. 2004. Compensatory responses of late watergrass (Echinochloa phyllopogon) and rice to resource limitations. Weed Sci. 52:271–280.10.1614/WS-03-103RGoogle Scholar
Gibson, K. D., Fischer, A. J., Foin, T. C., and Hill, J. E. 2002. Implications of delayed Echinochloa spp. germination and duration of competition for integrated weed management in water-seeded rice. Weed Res. 42:351–358.10.1046/j.1365-3180.2002.00295.xGoogle Scholar
Gibson, K. D., Foin, T. C., and Hill, J. E. 1999. The relative importance of root and shoot competition between water-seeded rice and Echinochloa phyllopogon . Weed Res. 39:181–190.10.1046/j.1365-3180.1999.00135.xGoogle Scholar
Hill, J. E., Smith, R. J. Jr., and Bayer, D. E. 1994. Rice weed control: current technology and emerging issues in the United States. Pages 377–391. in. Proceedings of the Temperate Rice Conference. New South Wales, Australia: NSW Agriculture.10.1071/EA9941021Google Scholar
Johnson, D. E. and Mortimer, A. M. 2008. Issues for weed management in direct-seeded rice and the development of decision-support frameworks. Pages 223–228. in Singh, Y., Singh, V. P., Chauhan, B., Orr, A., Mortimer, A. M., Johnson, D. E., and Hardy, B. eds. Direct Seeding of Rice and Weed Management in the Irrigated Rice–Wheat Cropping System of the Indo-Gangetic Plains. Los Baños, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute and Pantnagar, India: Directorate of Experiment Station, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology.Google Scholar
Klepper, B., Belford, R. K., and Rickman, R. W. 1984. Root and shoot development in winter wheat. Agron. J. 76:117–122.10.2134/agronj1984.00021962007600010029xGoogle Scholar
Namuco, O. S., Cairns, J. E., and Johnson, D. E. 2009. Investigating early vigor in upland rice (Oryza sativa L.). Part I. Seedling growth and grain yield in competition with weeds. Field Crops Res. 113:197–206.10.1016/j.fcr.2009.05.008Google Scholar
Pandey, S. and Velasco, L. 2005. Trends in crop establishment methods in Asia and research issues. Pages 178–181. in. Rice is Life: Scientific Perspectives for the 21st Century. Los Baños, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute and Tsukuba, Japan: Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences.Google Scholar
Peng, S. and Yang, J. 2003. Current status of the research on high-yielding and high efficiency in resource use and improving grain quality in rice. Chin. J. Rice Sci. 17:275–280.Google Scholar
Perera, K. K., Ayres, P. G., and Gunasena, H. P. M. 1992. Root growth and the relative importance of root and shoot competition in interactions between rice (Oryza sativa) and Echinochloa crus-galli . Weed Res. 32:67–76.10.1111/j.1365-3180.1992.tb01863.xGoogle Scholar
Praba, M. L., Vanangamudi, M., and Thandapani, V. 2004. Effect of low light on yield and physiological attributes of rice. Int. Rice Res. Notes. 29:71–73.Google Scholar
Rao, A. N., Johnson, D. E., Sivaprasad, B., Ladha, J. K., and Mortimer, A. M. 2007. Weed management in direct-seeded rice. Adv. Agron. 93:153–255.10.1016/S0065-2113(06)93004-1Google Scholar
Sage, R. F. 2000. C3 versus C4 photosynthesis in rice: ecophysiological perspective. Pages 13–35. in Sheehy, J. E., Mitchell, P. L., and Hardy, B. eds. Redesigning Rice Photosynthesis to Increase Yield. Los Baños, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute.10.1016/S0928-3420(00)80004-XGoogle Scholar
Smith, M. C., Massey, J. H., Branson, J., Epting, J. W., Pennington, D., Tacker, P. L., Thomas, J., Vories, E. D., and Wilson, C. 2007. Water use estimates for various rice production systems in Mississippi and Arkansas. Irrigation Sci. 25:141–147.10.1007/s00271-006-0041-0Google Scholar
Walker, T. W., Bond, J. A., Ottis, B. V., Gerard, P. D., and Harrell, D. L. 2008. Hybrid rice response to nitrogen fertilization for midsouthern United States rice production. Agron. J. 100:381–386.10.2134/agronj2007.0047Google Scholar
Weiner, J. and Fishman, L. 1994. Competition and allometry in Kochia scoparia . Ann. Bot. 73:263–271.10.1006/anbo.1994.1031Google Scholar
Welbank, P. J. 1961. A study of the nitrogen and water factors in competition with Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. Ann. Bot. 25:116–137.10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a083737Google Scholar
Wilson, J. B. 1988. Shoot competition and root competition. J. Appl. Ecol. 25:279–296.10.2307/2403626Google Scholar
Zhao, D. L., Atlin, G. N., Bastiaans, L., and Spiertz, J. H. J. 2006. Developing selection protocols for weed competitiveness in aerobic rice. Field Crops Res. 97:272–285.10.1016/j.fcr.2005.10.008Google Scholar