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Impacts of long-term composted manure and straw amendments on rice-associated weeds in a rice–wheat rotation system

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 November 2021

Pinglei Gao Open the ORCID record for Pinglei Gao [Opens in a new window] ,
Aimei Hong Open the ORCID record for Aimei Hong [Opens in a new window] ,
Min Han ,
Minghan Song Open the ORCID record for Minghan Song [Opens in a new window] ,
Yunhui Duan Open the ORCID record for Yunhui Duan [Opens in a new window] ,
Haiyan Zhang ,
Yong Li ,
Yicheng Sun Open the ORCID record for Yicheng Sun [Opens in a new window] ,
Guojun Sun Open the ORCID record for Guojun Sun [Opens in a new window]  and
Qigen Dai
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Pinglei Gao
Affiliation:
Postdoctoral Researcher, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
Aimei Hong
Affiliation:
Agronomist, Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Jintan District, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
Min Han
Affiliation:
Agronomist, Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Jintan District, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
Minghan Song
Affiliation:
PhD Student, College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
Yunhui Duan
Affiliation:
Senior Agronomist, Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Jintan District, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
Haiyan Zhang
Affiliation:
Senior Agronomist, Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Jintan District, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
Yong Li
Affiliation:
Senior Agronomist, Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Jintan District, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
Yicheng Sun
Affiliation:
Agronomist, Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Jintan District, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
Guojun Sun*
Affiliation:
Researcher, Bureau of Agriculture and Forestry of Jintan District, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China; Professor, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
Qigen Dai*
Affiliation:
Professor, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
Wei Ran
Affiliation:
Professor, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
*
Authors for correspondence: Guojun Sun, Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Jintan District, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213200, P. R. China; College of Horticulture and Plant Protection of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China (Email: jtszbz@163.com); and Qigen Dai, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China. (Email: qgdai@yzu.edu.cn)
Authors for correspondence: Guojun Sun, Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Jintan District, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213200, P. R. China; College of Horticulture and Plant Protection of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China (Email: jtszbz@163.com); and Qigen Dai, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China. (Email: qgdai@yzu.edu.cn)
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Abstract

As part of a long-term experiment to determine the impacts of composted manure and straw amendments (replacing 50% of chemical fertilizer with composted pig manure, wheat straw return combined with chemical fertilizer, and setting no fertilizer and chemical fertilizer-only as controls) on rice-associated weeds in a rice (Oryza sativa L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation system, species richness, abundance, density, and biomass of weeds were assessed during years 8 and 9. Fertilization decreased the species richness and total density of rice-associated weeds but increased their total biomass. The species richness and densities of broadleaf and sedge weeds decreased with fertilization, while species richness of grass weeds increased only with straw return and density was not significantly affected. The shoot biomass per square meter of grass and broadleaf weeds was significantly higher with fertilization treatments than with the no-fertilizer control, while that of sedge weeds declined with fertilizer application. With fertilization, the densities of monarch redstem (Ammannia baccifera L.) and smallflower umbrella sedge (Cyperus difformis L.) decreased, that of Chinese sprangletop [Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees] increased, and those of barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.] and monochoria [Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. f.) C. Presl ex Kunth] were not significantly affected. Ammannia baccifera was the most abundant weed species in all treatments. Whereas composted pig manure plus fertilizer resulted in higher density of A. baccifera and lower shoot biomass per plant than chemical fertilizer only, wheat straw return plus chemical fertilizer caused lower density and shoot biomass of A. baccifera. Therefore, it may be possible that fertilization strategies that suppress specific weeds could be used as improved weed management program components in rice production systems.

Keywords

Ammannia bacciferafertilizationintegrated weed managementshoot biomassweed density
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 70 , Issue 1 , January 2022 , pp. 120 - 133
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Weed Science Society of America

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Carlene Chase, University of Florida

*

These authors contributed equally to this work.

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