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Glyphosate-resistant spring wheat production system effects on weed communities

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

K. Neil Harker ,
George W. Clayton ,
Robert E. Blackshaw ,
John T. O'Donovan ,
Newton Z. Lupwayi ,
Eric N. Johnson ,
Yantai Gan ,
Robert P. Zentner ,
Guy P. Lafond  and
R. Byron Irvine
George W. Clayton
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
Robert E. Blackshaw
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, Box 3000, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
John T. O'Donovan
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Beaverlodge Experimental Farm, Box 26, Beaverlodge, AB T0H 0C0, Canada
Newton Z. Lupwayi
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Beaverlodge Experimental Farm, Box 26, Beaverlodge, AB T0H 0C0, Canada
Eric N. Johnson
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Scott Research Farm, Box 10, Scott, SK S0K 4A0, Canada
Yantai Gan
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre, Box 1030, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada
Robert P. Zentner
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre, Box 1030, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada
Guy P. Lafond
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Indian Head Research Farm, Box 760, Indian Head, SK S0G 2K0, Canada
R. Byron Irvine
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon Research Centre, Box 1000A, R.R. #3, Brandon, MB R7A 5Y3, Canada
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Abstract

Glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops are produced over large areas in North America. A study was conducted at six western Canada research sites to determine seed date and tillage system effects on weed populations in GR spring wheat and canola cropping systems from 2000 to 2003. Four-year wheat–canola–wheat–pea rotations were devised with varying levels of GR crops in the rotation. Weed populations were determined at pre– and post–in-crop herbicide application intervals in 2000 and 2003. Early seeding led to higher and more variable in-crop wild oat and wild buckwheat populations. High frequencies of in-crop glyphosate wheat in the rotation usually improved weed management and reduced weed density and variability. Canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) across all locations revealed that by 2003, green foxtail, redroot pigweed, sowthistle spp., wild buckwheat, and wild oat, all associated with the rotation lacking in-crop glyphosate. Similar CDA analyses for individual locations indicated specific weeds were associated with 3 yr of in-crop glyphosate (Canada thistle at Brandon, henbit at Lacombe, and volunteer wheat, volunteer canola, and round-leaved mallow at Lethbridge). However, only henbit at Lacombe and volunteer wheat at Lethbridge occurred at significant densities. Although excellent weed control was attained in rotations containing a high frequency of GR crops, the merits of more integrated approaches to weed management and crop production should also be considered. Overall, rotations including GR spring wheat did not significantly increase short-term weed management risks in conventional tillage or low soil-disturbance direct-seeding systems.

Keywords

Glyphosateannual sowthistle, Sonchus oleraceus L. SONOLCanada thistle, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. CIRARgreen foxtail, Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. SETVIhenbit, Lamium amplexicaule L. LAMAMperennial sowthistle, Sonchus arvensis L. SONARredroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L. AMAREround-leaved mallow, Malva pusilla Sm.spiny sowthistle, Sonchus asper (L.) Hill SONASwild buckwheat, Polygonum convolvulous L. POLCOwild oat, Avena fatua L. AVEFAcanola, Brassica napus L.pea, Pisum sativum L.wheat, Triticum aestivum L.Crop rotationgenetically modified cropsherbicide-resistant cropsspecies shiftweed associations
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 53 , Issue 4 , August 2005 , pp. 451 - 464
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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