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Formulation effects on isoxaben and trifluralin in runoff water from container plant nurseries

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Jeanne A. Briggs ,
Ted Whitwell ,
R. Thomas Fernandez  and
Melissa B. Riley
Ted Whitwell
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
R. Thomas Fernandez
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48825
Melissa B. Riley
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Pathology and Physiology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
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Abstract

Sprayable and granular formulations of isoxaben and trifluralin were applied to container plant nursery beds to determine formulation effects on herbicide runoff and weed control. In 1998 herbicide application was followed by 0.8 cm of irrigation delivered in 60 min, and runoff water samples were collected on the day of application (DOA). The highest concentrations of isoxaben and trifluralin detected in runoff water were 0.50 and 0.15 μg ml−1, respectively. Total isoxaben in runoff water was greater from the granular than from the sprayable formulation, but no differences attributable to formulation were detected for trifluralin. In 1999 herbicide application was followed by irrigation applied in three pulse cycles of 30 min each (0.8 cm per cycle). Runoff water samples were collected daily through 2 d after herbicide application (DAA). The highest herbicide concentrations were found in the first runoff sample on the DOA. Isoxaben was detected at 1.6 μg ml−1 from both formulations, and trifluralin concentrations were 0.8 and 0.2 μg ml−1 from the sprayable and granular formulations, respectively. Isoxaben concentrations were similar between formulations on the DOA, higher from the granular formulation 1 DAA, and higher in five of the nine runoff samples 2 DAA. Trifluralin concentrations were higher from the sprayable formulation for the first pulse cycle on the DOA and higher from the granular formulation in three of the nine samples 1 DAA and in four samples 2 DAA. The total amount of isoxaben recovered was 9.1% of applied from the granular formulation and 7.3% of applied from the spray formulation. The total amounts of trifluralin found were similar among formulations (0.5% of applied). Weed control was effective for both formulations in both years.

Keywords

IsoxabentrifluralinContainer plant productioncyclic irrigationgranular herbicide formulationherbicide efficacyornamentalspreemergent herbicidesprayable herbicide formulationweed control
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 50 , Issue 4 , August 2002 , pp. 536 - 541
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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