Hostname: page-component-5c6d5d7d68-qks25 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-08-17T13:49:30.720Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Exotic Plant Species in Old-Growth Forest in Indiana

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

J. S. Weber  and
K. D. Gibson
J. S. Weber
Affiliation:
Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 1155 Lilly Hall, West Lafayette, IN 47906
K. D. Gibson*
Affiliation:
Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 1155 Lilly Hall, West Lafayette, IN 47906
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: Kgibson@purdue.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Old-growth forest in Indiana consists of a few remnant stands in a fragmented agricultural landscape. Old-growth stands can differ substantially from more recently disturbed stands in species composition and may be less susceptible to invasion by exotic plant species. Herbaceous species were sampled in quadrats placed in a repeating pattern along two perpendicular transects in six Old-growth stands in Indiana in spring and summer of 2005. Transects extended from forest edges to the center of each stand. Woody exotic species were sampled in 10-m-wide belts centered on each transect during the summer sampling run. Herbaceous exotic species were a minor component of the understory community in all stands and accounted for less than 1% of total herbaceous cover in all six stands. Exotic woody species generally followed a similar pattern. Four sites contained no more than two woody exotic species, and these were encountered at relatively low frequencies and densities. However, European privet and multiflora rose were present in 27 and 48% of quadrats in one stand, respectively. Thus, although both herbaceous and woody exotic species were relatively rare, heavy infestations of woody exotic species are possible. This suggests that, for some Old-growth sites, exotic species can overcome both local and landscape factors that limit their abundance.

Keywords

European privet, Ligustrum vulgare Lmultiflora rose, Rosa multiflorum Thunb. ex MurrBiotic resistanceinvasive speciesforest edgefragmentation
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 55 , Issue 4 , August 2007 , pp. 299 - 304
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Baars, R. and Kelly, D. 1996. Survival and growth responses of native and introduced vines in New Zealand to light availability. N. Z. J. Bot. 34:389–400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barrett, J. W. 1962. Regional Silviculture of the United States. New York Ronald.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brothers, T. S. 1993. Fragmentation and edge effects in central Indiana Old-growth forests. Nat. Areas J. 13:268–275.Google Scholar
Brothers, T. S. and Spingarn, A. 1992. Forest fragmentation and alien plant invasion of central Indiana Old-growth forests. Conserv. Biol. 6:91–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burgess, K. S. and Husband, B. C. 2006. Habitat differentiation and the ecological costs of hybridization: the effects of introduced mulberry (Morus alba) on a native congener (M. rubra). J. Ecol. 94:1061–1069.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cavers, P. B., Heagy, M. I., and Kokron, R. F. 1979. The biology of Canadian weeds. 5. Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara and Grande. Can. J. Plant Sci. 59:217–229.Google Scholar
D'Antonio, C. M., Levine, J. M., and Thompson, M. 2001. Ecosystem resistance to invasion and the role of propagule supply: a California perspective. J. Mediterr. Ecol. 27:233–245.Google Scholar
Davis, M. A., Grime, J. P., and Thompson, K. 2000. Fluctuating resources in plant communities: a general theory of invasibility. J. Ecol. 88:528–534.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frazer, G. W., Canham, C. D., and Lertzman, K. P. 1999. Gap Light Analyzer (GLA), Version 2.0: software to extract canopy structure and gap light transmission indices from true-color fisheye photographs. User's manual and program documentation. Simon Fraser University Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada Institute of Ecosystem Studies and Millbrook, New York.Google Scholar
Frelich, L. E., Cornett, M. W., and White, M. A. 2005. Controls and reference conditions in forestry: the role of Old-growth and retrospective studies. J. For. 103:339–344.Google Scholar
Goebel, P. C., Hix, D. M., and Olivero, A. M. 1999. Seasonal ground-flora patterns and site factor relationships of second-growth and Old-growth south-facing forest ecosystems, southeastern Ohio, USA. Nat. Areas J. 19:12–29.Google Scholar
Goff, F. G., Dawson, G. A., and Rochow, J. J. 1982. Site examination for threatened and endangered plant species. Environ. Manag. 6:307–316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hale, C. M., Pastor, J., and Rusterholz, K. A. 1999. Comparison of structural and compositional characteristics in Old-growth and mature, managed hardwood forests of Minnesota, USA. Can. J. For. Res. 29:1479–1489.Google Scholar
Halpern, C. B. and Spies, T. A. 1995. Plant species diversity in natural and managed forests of the Pacific Northwest. Ecol. Appl. 5:913–934.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hutchinson, T. F. and Vankat, J. L. 1997. Invasibility and effects of Amur honeysuckle in southwestern Ohio forests. Cons. Biol. 11:1117–1124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hutchinson, T. F. and Vankat, J. L. 1998. Landscape structure and spread of the exotic shrub Lonicera maackii (Amur honeysuckle) in southwestern Ohio forests. Am. Midl. Nat. 139:383–390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenkins, M. A. and Parker, G. R. 2001. Woody species composition of disturbed forests in intermittent stream bottomlands of southern Indiana. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 128:165–175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lertzman, K. P. and Krebs, C. J. 1991. Gap phase structure of a sub-Alpine Old-growth forest. Can. J. For. Res.–Rev. Can. Rech. For. 21:1730–1741.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lertzman, K. P., Sutherland, G. D., Inselberg, A., and Saunders, S. C. 1996. Canopy gaps and the landscape mosaic in a coastal temperate rain forest. Ecology. 77:1254–1270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levine, J. M., Adler, P. B., and Yelenik, S. G. 2004. A meta-analysis of biotic resistance to exotic plant invasions. Ecol. Lett. 7:975–989.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lundgren, M. R., Small, C. J., and Dreyer, G. D. 2004. Influence of land use and site characteristics on invasive plant abundance in the Quinebaug Highlands of southern New England. Northeast. Nat. 11:313–332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lunt, I. D. and Spooner, P. G. 2005. Using historical ecology to understand patterns of biodiversity in fragmented agricultural landscapes. J. Biogeogr. 32:1859–1873.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, P. H. 1999. Norway maple (Acer platanoides) invasion of a natural forest stand: understory consequences and regeneration pattern. Biol. Invasions. 1:215–222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masters, R. A. and Sheley, R. L. 2001. Principles and practices for managing rangeland invasive plants. J. Range Manag. 54:502–517.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, B. C. 1997. Response of a forest understory community to experimental removal of an invasive nonindigenous plant (Alliaria petiolata, Brassicaceae). Pages 117–132. in Luken, J.O., Thieret, J.W. eds. Assessment and Management of Plant Invasions. New York Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, B. C., Small, C. J., and Rubino, D. L. 2004. Composition, structure, and dynamics of Dysart Woods, an Old-growth mixed mesophytic forest of southeastern Ohio. For. Ecol. Manage. 140:193–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meekins, J. F. and McCarthy, B. C. 2001. Effect of environmental variation on the invasive success of a nonindigenous forest herb. Ecol. Appl. 11:1336–1348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nuzzo, V. 1999. Invasion pattern of the herb garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) in high quality forests. Biol. Invasions. 1:169–179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oliver, C. D. 1981. Forest development in North America following major disturbances. For. Ecol. Manag. 3:153–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parker, G. 1989. Old-growth forests of the central hardwood region. Nat. Areas J. 9:5–11.Google Scholar
Pelton, M. R. 1996. The importance of Old-growth to carnivores in eastern deciduous forests. in Davis, M.B., ed. Eastern Old-growth Forests. Washington, DC Island.Google Scholar
Peterken, G. F. and Game, M. 1984. Historical factors affecting the number and distribution of vascular plant species in the woodlands of central Lincolnshire. J. Ecol. 72:155–182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petty, R. O. and Jackson, M. T. 1966. Plant communities. Pages 264–296. in Lindsey, A.A. ed. Natural Features of Indiana. Indianapolis, IN Indiana Academy of Science.Google Scholar
Robison, S. A. and McCarthy, B. C. 1999. Potential factors affecting the estimation of light availability using hemispherical photography in oak forest understories. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 126:344–349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scheller, R. M. and Mladenoff, D. J. 2002. Understory species patterns and diversity in Old-growth and managed northern hardwood forests. Ecol. Appl. 12:1329–1343.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schierenbeck, K. A. 2004. Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) as an invasive species; history, ecology, and context. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 23:391–400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slezak, W. F. 1976. Lonicera japonica Thunb., an aggressive introduced species in a mature forest ecosystem. . New Brunswick, NJ Rutger's University.Google Scholar
Spetich, M. A. 1995. Characteristics and spatial pattern of Old-growth forests in the Midwest. . West Lafayette, IN Purdue University.Google Scholar
Spetich, M. A., Parker, G., and Gustafson, E. 1997. Spatial and temporal relationships of Old-growth and secondary forests in Indiana. Nat. Areas J. 17:118–130.Google Scholar
Spies, T. A., Franklin, J. F., and Thomas, T. B. 1988. Coarse woody debris in Douglas-fir forests of western Oregon and Washington. Ecology. 69:1689–1702.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spies, T. A., Franklin, J. F., and Klopsch, M. 1990. Canopy gaps in Douglas Fir forests of the Cascade Mountains. Can. J. For. Res.–Rev. Can. Rech. For. 20:649–658.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stinson, K. A., Campbell, S. A., Powell, J. R., Wolfe, B. E., Callaway, R. M., Thelen, G. C., Hallett, S. G., Prati, D., and Klironomos, J. N. 2006. Invasive plant suppresses the growth of native tree seedlings by disrupting belowground mutualisms. PLoS Biol. 4:727–731. DOI: .CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Uva, R. H., Neal, J. C., and DiTomaso, J. M. 1997. Weeds of the Northeast. Ithaca, NY Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Van Holle, B. and Simberloff, D. 2005. Ecological resistance to invasion overwhelmed by propagule pressure. Ecology. 86:3212–3218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vitousek, P. M., D'Antonio, C. M., Loope, L. L., and Westbrooks, R. G. 1997. Biological invasions as global environment change. Pages 218–228. in Kareiva, P.M. ed. Exploring Ecology and Its Applications. Sunderland, MA Sinauer Associates.Google Scholar
White, M. A. and Mladenoff, D. J. 1994. Old-growth forest landscape transitions from pre-European settlement to present. Landsc. Ecol. 9:191–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar