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Emergence characteristics of four annual weed species

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Robert G. Hartzler ,
Douglas D. Buhler  and
David E. Stoltenberg
Douglas D. Buhler
Affiliation:
National Soil Tilth Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50011
David E. Stoltenberg
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706-1597
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Abstract

Emergence characteristics, including initial time of emergence, magnitude of emergence, and mean time of emergence, of Amaranthus rudis Sauer, Setaria faberi Herrm., Eriochloa villosa (Thunb.) Kunth, and Abutilon theophrasti Medik. were studied in central Iowa during the first 3 yr following burial of seed collected and buried in the fall of 1994 or 1995. Although the initial emergence date varied among years, the emergence sequence among species was consistent. Eriochloa villosa and A. theophrasti were the first species to emerge, with initial emergence occurring between April 28 and May 10. Initial emergence dates for these species were the same, except for 1995 when A. theophrasti emerged 4 d prior to E. villosa. Amaranthus rudis was the last species to emerge, with initial emergence ranging from 5 to 25 d after A. theophrasti. First-year emergence in 1995 was 8% for A. theophrasti, 7% for A. rudis, 41% for E. villosa, and 33% for S. faberi, based on the number of buried seed. Proportional emergence during the first year following burial in 1996 was similar to 1995 for A. theophrasti and S. faberi, but greater emergence was observed in 1996 for E. villosa and A. rudis. During the 3 yr of both studies, cumulative emergence of the two grass species (43 to 71%) was higher than for the broadleaf species (13 to 35%). A high percentage of the total annual emergence of E. villosa occurred within the first 2 wk of initial emergence, whereas a high percentage of A. rudis emergence occurred late in its emergence period. Emergence characteristics of the four species were consistent among years and seed sources.

Keywords

Amaranthus rudis Sauer AMATA, common waterhempSetaria faberi Herrm. SETFA, giant foxtailAbutilon theophrasti Medik. ABUTH, velvetleafEriochloa villosa (Thunb.) Kunth ERBVI, woolly cupgrassSeedbankseedling emergenceAMATASETFAABUTHERBVI
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 47 , Issue 5 , October 1999 , pp. 578 - 584
Copyright
Copyright © 1999 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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