Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-dfsvx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T16:14:21.441Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Effects of Temperature and Rainfall on Emergence and Growth of Eight Weeds

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Emily S. Nussbaum ,
Allen F. Wiese ,
Donald E. Crutchfield ,
Ellis W. Chenault  and
Dwane Lavake
Emily S. Nussbaum
Affiliation:
Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., U.S. Dep. Agric. Conserv. and Prod. Res. Lab., Bushland, TX 79012
Allen F. Wiese
Affiliation:
Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., U.S. Dep. Agric. Conserv. and Prod. Res. Lab., Bushland, TX 79012
Donald E. Crutchfield
Affiliation:
Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., U.S. Dep. Agric. Conserv. and Prod. Res. Lab., Bushland, TX 79012
Ellis W. Chenault
Affiliation:
Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., U.S. Dep. Agric. Conserv. and Prod. Res. Lab., Bushland, TX 79012
Dwane Lavake
Affiliation:
Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., U.S. Dep. Agric. Conserv. and Prod. Res. Lab., Bushland, TX 79012
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

From 1976 to 1981, emergence date, height, and dry weight per plant were taken for eight weed species grown at Bushland, TX, at two stand densities. Height and dry weight per plant were related to precipitation and degree-days for air and soil temperatures using base temperatures of 10, 15.5, or 21 C. Kochia [Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. ♯ KCHSC] emerged early in March and was followed by poison suckleya [Suckleya suckleyana (Torr.) Rydb. ♯ SUKSU], sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. ♯ HELAN), and common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallr. ♯ XANPE) in early April. Buffalobu(Solanum rostratum Dunal. ♯ SOLCU), puncturevine (Tribulus terrestris L. ♯ TRBTE), lanceleaf sage (Salvia reflexa Hornem. ♯SALRE), and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli L. Beauv. ♯ECHCG) emerged in late April. The weeds began to increase in height during May but plants did not start increasing in weight until June. Kochia, common cocklebur, and sunflower grew tallest, produced most dry matter, made most efficient use of water, and weighed most per plant. Heat unit accumulations were strongly correlated with plant height.

Keywords

Growth analysisplant densitydegree daysEchinochloa crus-galliHelianthus annuusKochia scopariaSalvia reflexaSolanum rostratumSuckleya suckleyanaTribulus terrestrisXanthium pensylvanicumECHCGHELANKCHSCSALRESOLCUSURSUTRBTESUKSU
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 33 , Issue 2 , March 1985 , pp. 165 - 170
Copyright
Copyright © 1985 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Alessi, J., Power, J. F., and Zimmerman, D. C. 1981. Effects of seeding date and population on water use efficiency and safflower yield. Agron. J. 73:783–787.Google Scholar
2. Arnold, C. Y. 1959. The determination and significance of the base temperature in a linear heat unit system. Proc. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 74:430–445.Google Scholar
3. Arnold, C. Y. 1971. Heat units used in field corn production. Ill. Res. 13:6–7.Google Scholar
4. Arnold, C. Y. 1975. Heat unit system in corn production. Ill. Res. 17:10–11.Google Scholar
5. Davis, A. M. 1979. Forage quality of prostrate kochia compared with three browse species. Agron. J. 71:822–824.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6. Geddes, R. D., Scott, H. D., and Oliver, L. R. 1979. Growth and water use by common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum) and soybeans (Glycine max) under field conditions. Weed Sci. 27:206–212.Google Scholar
7. Gilmore, E. G. Jr. and Rogers, J. S. 1958. Heat units as a method of measuring maturity in corn. Agron. J. 50:611–615.Google Scholar
8. Hays, H. K. and Immer, F. R. 1942. Pages 325–338 in Methods of Plant Breeding. 1st. ed. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.Google Scholar
9. Jones, O. R. and Johnson, W. C. 1982. Dryland cropping practices in the Southern Great Plains. U.S. Dep. Agric., Agric. Res. Serv., Agric. Rev. Man. ARM-S-24.Google Scholar
10. Kish, A. J., Osle, W. L., and Loadholt, B. C. 1972. A prediction technique for snapbean maturity incorporating soil moisture with the heat unit system. Agric. Meteorol. 10:203–209.Google Scholar
11. Lana, E. P. and Haber, E. S. 1952. Seasonal variability as indicated by cumulative degree hours with sweet corn. Proc. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 59:389–392.Google Scholar
12. Musick, J. T. and Dusek, D. A. 1982. Skip-row planting and irrigation of graded furrows. Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. 25:82–87, 92.Google Scholar
13. Unger, P. W. 1977. Tillage effects on winter wheat production where the irrigated and dryland crops are alternated. Agron. J. 69:944–950.Google Scholar
14. Warnock, S. L. 1973. Tomato development in California in relation to heat unit accumulation. Hortic. Sci. 8:487–488.Google Scholar
15. Warnock, S. J. and Isaccs, R. L. 1969. A linear heat unit system for tomatoes in California. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 94:677–678.Google Scholar
16. Wiese, A. F. and Davis, R. G. 1967. Weed emergence from two soils at various moistures, temperatures, and depths. Weeds. 15:118–121.Google Scholar