Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-c4f8m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T04:45:56.295Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of Temperature and CO2 Concentration on the Growth of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Spurred Anoda (Anoda cristata), and Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

David T. Patterson ,
Maxine T. Highsmith  and
Elizabeth P. Flint
David T. Patterson
Affiliation:
Duke Univ., Durham, NC 27006
Maxine T. Highsmith
Affiliation:
Duke Univ., Durham, NC 27006
Elizabeth P. Flint
Affiliation:
Duke Univ., Durham, NC 27006
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf were grown in controlled-environment chambers at day/night temperatures of 32/23 or 26/17 C and CO2 concentrations of 350 or 700 ppm. After 5 weeks, CO2 enrichment to 700 ppm increased dry matter accumulation by 38, 26, and 29% in cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf, respectively, at 26/17 C and by 61, 41, and 29% at 32/23 C. Increases in leaf weight accounted for over 80% of the increase in total plant weight in cotton and spurred anoda in both temperature regimes. Leaf area was not increased by CO2 enrichment. The observed increases in dry matter production with CO2 enrichment were caused by increased net assimilation rate. In a second experiment, plants were grown at 350 ppm CO2 and 29/23 C day/night for 17 days before exposure to 700 ppm CO2 at 26/17 C for 1 week. Short-term exposure to high CO2 significantly increased net assimilation rate, dry matter production, total dry weight, leaf dry weight, and specific leaf weight in comparison with plants maintained at 350 ppm CO2 at 26/17 C. Increases in leaf weight in response to short-term CO2 enrichment accounted for 100, 87, and 68% of the observed increase in total plant dry weight of cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf, respectively. Comparisons among the species showed that CO2 enrichment decreased the weed/crop ratio for total dry weight, possibly indicating a potential competitive advantage for cotton under elevated CO2, even at suboptimum temperatures.

Keywords

Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. ‘Coker 315’spurred anoda, Anoda cristata (L.) Schlecht # ANVCRvelvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medic. # ABUTHCO2 enrichmentgrowth analysisABUTHANVCR
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 36 , Issue 6 , November 1988 , pp. 751 - 757
Copyright
Copyright © 1988 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Carlson, R. W. and Bazzaz, F. A. 1980. The effects of elevated CO2 concentrations on growth, photosynthesis, transpiration, and water use efficiency of plants. Pages 609–622 in Singh, J. J. and Deepak, A., eds. Environmental and Climatic Impact of Coal Utilization. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
2. Chandler, J. M. 1977. Competition of spurred anoda, velvetleaf, prickly sida, and Venice mallow in cotton. Weed Sci. 25:151–158.Google Scholar
3. Cole, D. F. and Christiansen, M. N. 1975. Effect of chilling duration on germination of cottonseed. Crop Sci. 15:410–412.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4. Constable, G. A. 1975. Temperature effects on the early field development of cotton. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. Anim. Husb. 16:905–910.Google Scholar
5. Cure, J. D. and Acock, B. 1986. Crop responses to carbon dioxide doubling: A literature survey. Agric. For. Meteorol. 38:127–145.Google Scholar
6. DeLucia, E. H., Sasek, T. W., and Strain, B. R. 1985. Photosynthetic inhibition after long-term exposure to elevated levels of carbon dioxide. Photosyn. Res. 7:175–184.Google Scholar
7. Downs, R. J. and Hellmers, H. 1975. Page 112 in Environment and the Experimental Control of Plant Growth. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
8. Ehret, D. L. and Jolliffe, P. A. 1985. Leaf injury to bean plants grown in carbon dioxide enriched atmospheres. Can. J. Bot. 63:2015–2020.Google Scholar
9. Flint, E. P., Patterson, D. T., and Beyers, J. L. 1983. Interference and temperature effects on growth of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), spurred anoda (Anoda cristata), and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti). Weed Sci. 31:892–898.Google Scholar
10. Hofstra, G. and Hesketh, J. D. 1975. The effects of temperature and CO2 enrichment on photosynthesis in soybean. Pages 71–80 in Marcelle, R., ed. Environmental and Biological Control of Photosynthesis. Dr. W. Junk Publ., The Hague.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11. Jolliffe, P. A. and Ehret, D. L. 1985. Growth of bean plants at elevated carbon dioxide concentrations. Can. J. Bot. 63:2021–2025.Google Scholar
12. Kimball, B. A. 1983. Carbon dioxide and agricultural yield: An assemblage and analysis of 430 prior observations. Agron. J. 75:779–788.Google Scholar
13. Kramer, P. J. 1981. Carbon dioxide concentration, photosynthesis, and dry matter production. Bioscience 31:29–33.Google Scholar
14. Kvet, J., Ondok, J. P., Necas, J., and Jarvis, P. G. 1971. Methods of growth analysis. Pages 343–391 in Sestak, Z., Catsky, J., and Jarvis, P. G., eds. Plant Photosynthetic Production: Manual of Methods. Dr. W. Junk Publ., The Hague.Google Scholar
15. Lemon, E. R., ed. 1983. CO2 and Plants. Westview Press, Boulder, CO. 280 pp.Google Scholar
16. Mauney, J. R., Fry, K. E., and Guinn, G. 1978. Relationship of photosynthetic rate to growth and fruiting of cotton, soybean, sorghum, and sunflower. Crop Sci. 18:259–263.Google Scholar
17. McQuigg, J. D. and Calvert, D. H. 1966. Influence of soil temperatures on the emergence and initial growth of upland cotton. Agric. Meteorol. 3:179–185.Google Scholar
18. Morison, J.I.L. and Gifford, R. M. 1984. Plant growth and water use with limited water supply in high CO2 concentrations. I. Leaf area, water use and transpiration. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 11:361–374.Google Scholar
19. Morison, J.I.L. and Gifford, R. M. 1984. Plant growth and water use with limited water supply in high CO2 concentrations. II. Plant dry weight, partitioning and water use efficiency. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 11:375–384.Google Scholar
20. Patterson, D. T. and Flint, E. P. 1979. Effects of chilling on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), and spurred anoda (Anoda cristata). Weed Sci. 27:473–479.Google Scholar
21. Patterson, D. T. and Flint, E. P. 1980. Potential effects of global atmospheric CO2 enrichment on the growth and competitiveness of C3 and C4 weed and crop plants. Weed Sci. 28:71–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22. Patterson, D. T. and Flint, E. P. 1982. Interacting effects of CO2 and nutrient concentration. Weed Sci. 30:389–394.Google Scholar
23. Patterson, D. T. and Flint, E. P. 1983. Comparative water relations, photosynthesis, and growth of soybean (Glycine max) and seven associated weeds. Weed Sci. 31:318–323.Google Scholar
24. Patterson, D. T., Flint, E. P., and Beyers, J. L. 1984. Effects of CO2 enrichment on competition between a C4 weed and a C3 crop. Weed Sci. 32:101–105.Google Scholar
25. Powell, R. D. and Amin, J. V. 1969. Effect of chilling temperature on the growth and development of cotton. Cotton Grow. Rev. 46:21–28.Google Scholar
26. Sage, R. F. and Sharkey, T. D. 1987. The effect of temperature on the occurrence of O2 and CO2 insensitive photosynthesis in field grown plants. Plant Physiol. 84:658–664.Google Scholar
27. Sasek, T. W., DeLucia, E. H., and Strain, B. R. 1985. Reversibility of photosynthetic inhibition in cotton after long-term exposure to elevated CO2 concentrations. Plant Physiol. 78:619–622.Google Scholar
28. Sionit, N., Strain, B. R., and Beckford, H. A. 1981. Environmental controls on the growth and yield of okra. I. Effects of temperature and CO2 enrichment at cool temperature. Crop Sci. 21:885–888.Google Scholar
29. Sionit, N., Strain, B. R., and Flint, E. P. 1987. Interaction of temperature and CO2 enrichment on soybean: Growth and dry matter partitioning. Can. J. Plant Sci. 67:59–67.Google Scholar
30. Strain, B. R. and Cure, J. D., eds. 1985. Direct Effects of Increasing Carbon Dioxide on Vegetation. U.S. Dep. Energy, Washington, DC. 286 pp.Google Scholar
31. Waggoner, P. E. 1984. Agriculture and carbon dioxide. Am. Sci. 72:179–184.Google Scholar
32. Wong, S. C. 1980. Elevated atmospheric partial pressure of CO2 and plant growth. I. Interactions of nitrogen nutrition and photosynthetic capacity in C3 and C4 plants. Oecologia (Berl) 44:68–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar