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Effect of soybean crop structure on large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) growth and seed dormancy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 March 2021

Fernando H. Oreja Open the ORCID record for Fernando H. Oreja [Opens in a new window] ,
Diego Batlla  and
Elba B. de la Fuente
Fernando H. Oreja*
Affiliation:
Postgraduate Student, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Diego Batlla
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Elba B. de la Fuente
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
*
Author for correspondence: Fernando H. Oreja, Department of Vegetal Production, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, San Martín Avenue 4453, C1417DSE, Argentina. (Email: orejaf@agro.uba.ar)
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Abstract

Crop–weed interactions are affected by environmental alterations resulting from a crop’s presence, such as modifications in temperature, light quality and quantity, and moisture conditions that could modify weed performance. The objectives of this work were to study (1) how soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] crop structure modifies the environment under the canopy and large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] plant structure, biomass, and seed production and dormancy; and (2) the relative importance of these environmental changes on the weed’s characteristics. A field experiment in a completely randomized block design with five replicates was performed to evaluate narrow and wide interrow spacing and soybean maturity groups 3 and 4. Measured variables were intercepted solar radiation (RAD); red–far red (R-FR) ratio; humidity; minimum, maximum, and alternating temperatures; and weed biomass, tillers per plant, height, and seed dormancy. Crop canopy reduced solar radiation, R-FR ratio, and daily average maximum and alternating temperatures. Soybean presence reduced the weed biomass, tillers and seeds per plant, and seed dormancy. High solar radiation intercepted by the crop during the reproductive phase was the main environmental variable related to reductions in weed biomass, tillers per plant, and fecundity. The combination of low temperature and solar radiation received by developing seeds was more related to seed dormancy than the rest of the variables. Crop management decisions focused on the fact that keeping the crop canopy alive for a longer time at the end of the season would not only reduce the weed growth but also seed dormancy.

Keywords

Maternal effectsrow spacingseed germinationsoybean maturity groupweed biomass
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 69 , Issue 3 , May 2021 , pp. 372 - 378
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Weed Science Society of America

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: William Vencill, University of Georgia

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