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Competitiveness and Essential Oil Phytotoxicity of Seven Annual Aromatic Plants

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Kico Dhima ,
Ioannis Vasilakoglou ,
Vassiliki Garane ,
Christos Ritzoulis ,
Vaia Lianopoulou  and
Eleni Panou-Philotheou
Kico Dhima*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Production, Technological and Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, 574 00 Echedoros, Greece
Ioannis Vasilakoglou
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Production, Technological and Educational Institute of Larissa, 411 10 Larissa, Greece
Vassiliki Garane
Affiliation:
Department of Food Technology, Technological and Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, 574 00 Echedoros, Greece
Christos Ritzoulis
Affiliation:
Department of Food Technology, Technological and Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, 574 00 Echedoros, Greece
Vaia Lianopoulou
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Production, Technological and Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, 574 00 Echedoros, Greece
Eleni Panou-Philotheou
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Production, Technological and Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, 574 00 Echedoros, Greece
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: dimas@cp.teithe.gr
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Abstract

Crops that effectively compete with weeds may be more suitable in low-input agricultural systems. A 2-yr field experiment was conducted in northern Greece to assess the competitiveness of seven annual aromatic plants (anise, sweet fennel, sweet basil, dill, coriander, parsley, and lacy phacelia) on common purslane, common lambsquarters, black nightshade, and barnyardgrass. The phytotoxicity of the essential oils produced by these aromatic plants was also determined using a perlite-based bioassay with barnyardgrass. Separation, identification, and quantification of the volatile compounds of these essential oils were also performed. After the harvest of the aromatic plants (8 wk after planting), the greatest weed fresh weight reduction (94 to 100%) was recorded in lacy phacelia, whereas the least (0 to 30%) was recorded in parsley. Lacy phacelia and sweet fennel produced the greatest fresh biomass yield in weedy and weed-free treatments, whereas parsley, dill, and coriander produced the lowest. Biomass of sweet fennel and anise was reduced by only 9 to 11% by weed competition, whereas biomass of lacy phacelia was not significantly affected. The essential oils isolated from sweet fennel and sweet basil were the most phytotoxic on barnyardgrass, whereas those isolated from lacy phacelia and anise were the least phytotoxic. Conclusively, aromatic plants with great competitiveness such as lacy phacelia, anise, and sweet fennel provided great weed suppression and they could be cultivated with low inputs in herbicides. However, high competitiveness of aromatic plants may not always be correlated with high essential oil phytotoxicity.

Keywords

Anise, Pimpinella anisum Lbarnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. ECHCGblack nightshade, Solanum nigrum L. SOLNIcommon lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. CHEALcommon purslane, Portulaca oleracea L. POROLcoriander, Coriandrum sativum Ldill, Anethum graveolens Llacy phacelia, Phacelia tanacetifolia Benthparsley, Petroselinum crispum (P. Mill.) Nyman ex A.W. Hillsweet basil, Ocimum basilcum Lsweet fennel, Foeniculum vulgare P. MillAromatic plantscompetitionessential oilsphytotoxicity
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 58 , Issue 4 , December 2010 , pp. 457 - 465
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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