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Comparison of Solid Phase Extraction Techniques for Herbicides

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Melissa B. Riley  and
Renee J. Keese
Melissa B. Riley
Affiliation:
Dep. Plant Path. Physiol., 120 Long Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0377
Renee J. Keese
Affiliation:
Dep. Plant Path. Physiol., 120 Long Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0377
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Abstract

Solid phase extraction (SPE) procedures were used to determine the recoveries of herbicides typically used in containerized ornamental plant production from water samples. Recoveries from C18 cartridges and disks were compared for each of 12 herbicides with variations in elution solvent and volume of elution solvent tested. Recoveries for nine of the herbicides from the cartridges and disks using acetone as an elution solvent were not affected by SPE matrix. Fluazifop recovery was greater with the disks, while napropamide and oxadiazon recoveries were greater with cartridges. Both cartridges and disks yielded low recoveries (23 to 47%) of benefin and prodiamine. Changing the elution solvent from acetone to acetonitrile resulted in 10% improvement for the recovery of benefin and a three- to four-fold increase in recovery of prodiamine. Acetonitrile decreased recoveries of napropamide, oryzalin, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen, and pendimethalin from cartridges. For the disks, oxyfluorfen, prodiamine, and trifluralin had increased recovery, while fluazifop, oxadiazon, and simazine had decreased recovery with acetonitrile as the elution solvent. Increasing the amount of acetone eluting solvent increased the recovery of prodiamine and oxyfluorfen while decreasing the recovery of fluazifop, pendimethalin, simazine, and trifluralin. Binding capacities of oryzalin on cartridges and disks averaged 13.2 and 7.8 mg, respectively. The advantage of the disk lies in the greater volume of water that can be processed, while the higher cost and greater variability are disadvantages. Cartridge extraction yielded good recoveries with lower standard deviations, and used less organic solvent. Selection of an SPE extraction method depends upon the herbicides under evaluation, expected levels, and the water volume being processed. Both SPE techniques offer advantages over traditional liquid-liquid extraction methods such as reduced requirements for organic solvent and sample preparation.

Keywords

benefin, N-butyl-N-ethyl-2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzenaminefluazifop, (+)-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy] propanoic acidisoxaben, N-[3-(1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl)-5-isoxazolyl]-2,6-dimethoxybenzamidemetolachlor, 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamidenapropamide, N,N-diethyl-2-(1-naphthalenyloxy) propanamideoryzalin, 4-(dipropylamino)-3,5-dinitrobenzenesulfonamideoxadiazon, 3-[2,4-dichloro-5-(1-methylethoxy)-phenyl]-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-(3H)-oneoxyfluorfen, 2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzenependimethalin, N-(-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamineprodiamine, 2,4 dinitro-N3,N3-dipropyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-benzenediaminesimazine, 6-chloro-N,N′-diethyl-,3,5-triazine-2,4-diaminetrifluralin, 2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzenamineOrnamental nurserieswaterC18 disksC18 cartridgesSPEbinding capacities
Type
Soil, Air, and Water
Information
Weed Science , Volume 44 , Issue 3 , September 1996 , pp. 689 - 693
Copyright
Copyright © 1996 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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