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The Basis for Glyphosate Resistance in Rigid Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) from California

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Marulak Simarmata  and
Donald Penner
Marulak Simarmata
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
Donald Penner*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: pennerd@msu.edu
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Abstract

The occurrence of glyphosate-resistant weeds has been reported after more than 20 yr of extensive use. Rigid ryegrass that evolved resistance to glyphosate was found in Australia and in California. Glyphosate-resistant rigid ryegrass plants were collected from northern California and selected through generations 8 and 5 to segregate the most resistant (R) and sensitive (S) biotypes. The eighth generation of R and the fifth generation of S biotypes survived 6.72 and died from 0.11 kg ae ha−1 glyphosate, respectively. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the role of metabolism in the observed resistance, to study the effect of glyphosate on the activity of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS; EC 2.5.1.19), and to characterize the EPSPS gene in R and S rigid ryegrass. Neither quantitative nor qualitative difference was observed in the metabolism of 14C-glyphosate between the biotypes. Activity of constitutive EPSPS decreased more significantly in the S than R biotype in the presence of 5, 50, 500, and 5,000 µM glyphosate. Inhibition of 50% (I50) of the EPSPS activity by glyphosate was more than 90-fold in S compared to R biotype. Decreased EPSPS sensitivity in the R biotype appeared to be a major contributor to glyphosate resistance in rigid ryegrass from California. Fragments of the EPSPS gene containing 1,320 nucleotides were isolated from mRNA of S and R biotypes. A single nucleotide mutation from cytosine (C) to thymine (T) was identified at nucleotide 301 of the truncated EPSPS gene of the R biotype. This mutation changed the amino acid code from proline (Pro) to serine (Ser), which was similar to that reported for the glyphosate-resistant goosegrass from Malaysia and correlated with glyphosate insensitivity of EPSPS.

Keywords

Glyphosategoosegrass, Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. ELEINrigid ryegrass, Lolium rigidum Gaud. LOLRIEPSPSglyphosatemetabolismherbicide resistance
Type
Physiology, Chemistry, and Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 56 , Issue 2 , April 2008 , pp. 181 - 188
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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